User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Philosophy

Philosophy edit

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Timeline of Western philosophers

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Philosophy edit

Philosophy

Aesthetics edit

Cynthia Freeland - But Is It Art__ An Introduction to Art Theory (2002)

Epistemology edit

Duncan Pritchard - What Is This Thing Called Knowledge_ (2018)

Ernest Sosa - Epistemology (2017)

Descartes’s Pyrrhonian Virtue Epistemology
Dream Skepticism
Regress Skepticism
Knowledge: What It Is and How We Might Have It
Knowledge as Action
Varieties and Levels of Knowledge
The Value of Human Knowledge
Mind–World Relations: Action, Perception, Knowledge
Two Forms of Virtue Epistemology
Knowledge, Time, and Negligence
Virtue Theory against Situationism
Virtue Epistemology and a Theory of Competence
Knowledge and Justification

Ethics edit

Harry J. Gensler, Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction (2011)

History edit

Anthony Kenny - An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy (2018)

I PHILOSOPHY IN ITS INFANCY

The Milesians
Xenophanes
Heraclitus
The School of Parmenides
Empedocles
The Atomists
II THE ATHENS OF SOCRATES
The Athenian Empire
Anaxagoras
The Sophists
Socrates
The Euthyphro
The Crito
The Phaedo
III THE PHILOSOPHY OF Plato
Life and Works
The Theory of Ideas
Plato’s Republic
The Theaetetus and the Sophist
IV THE SYSTEM OF Aristotle
Plato’s Pupil, Alexander’s Teacher
The Foundation of Logic
Poetic
Moral Philosophy: Virtue and Happiness
Moral Philosophy: Wisdom and Understanding
Politics
Science and Explanation
Words and Things
Motion and Change
Soul, Sense, and Intellect
Metaphysics
V GREEK PHILOSOPHY AFTER ARISTOTLE
The Hellenistic Era
Epicureanism
Stoicism
Scepticism
Rome and its Empire
Jesus of Nazareth
Christianity and Gnosticism
Neo-Platonism
VI EARLY CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY
Arianism and Orthodoxy
The Theology of Incarnation
The Life of Augustine
The City of God and the Mystery of Grace
Boethius and Philoponus
VII EARLY MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
John the Scot
Al-kindi and Avicenna
The Feudal System
Saint Anselm
Abelard and Héloïse
Abelard’s Logic
Abelard’s Ethics
Averroes
Maimonides
VIII PHILOSOPHY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
An Age of Innovation
Saint Bonaventure
Thirteenth-Century Logic
Aquinas’ Life and Works
Aquinas’ Natural Theology
Matter, Form, Substance, and Accident
Aquinas on Essence and Existence
Aquinas’ Philosophy of Mind
Aquinas’ Moral Philosophy
IX OXFORD PHILOSOPHERS
The Fourteenth-Century University
Duns Scotus
Ockham’s Logic of Language
Ockham’s Political Theory
The Oxford Calculators
John Wyclif
X RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY
The Renaissance
Free-will: Rome vs. Louvain
Renaissance Platonism
Machiavelli
More’s Utopia
The Reformation
Post-Reformation Philosophy
Bruno and Galileo
Francis Bacon
XI THE AGE OF DESCARTES
The Wars of Religion
The Life of Descartes
The Doubt and the Cogito
The Essence of Mind
God, Mind, and Body
The Material World
XII ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
The Empiricism of Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes’ Political Philosophy
The Political Theory of John Locke
Locke on Ideas and Qualities
Substances and Persons
XIII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV
Blaise Pascal
Spinoza and Malebranche
Leibniz
XIV BRITISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Berkeley
Hume’s Philosophy of Mind
Hume on Causation
Reid and Common Sense
XV THE ENLIGHTENMENT
The Philosophes
Rousseau
Revolution and Romanticism
XVI THE CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF KANT
Kant’s Copernican Revolution
The Transcendental Aesthetic
The Transcendental Analytic: The Deduction of the Categories
The Transcendental Analytic: The System of Principles
The Transcendental Dialectic: The Paralogisms of Pure Reason
The Transcendental Dialectic: The Antinomies of Pure Reason
The Transcendental Dialectic: The Critique of Natural Theology
Kant’s Moral Philosophy
XVII GERMAN IDEALISM AND MATERIALISM
Fichte
Hegel
Marx and the Young Hegelians
Capitalism and its Discontents
XVIII THE UTILITARIANS
Jeremy Bentham
The Utilitarianism of J. S. Mill
Mill’s Logic
XIX THREE NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS
Schopenhauer
Kierkegaard
Nietzsche
XX THREE MODERN MASTERS
Charles Darwin
John Henry Newman
Sigmund Freud
XXI LOGIC AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS
Frege’s Logic
Frege’s Logicism
Frege’s Philosophy of Logic
Russell’s Paradox
Russell’s Theory of Descriptions
Logical Analysis
XXII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Henri Bergson
Husserl’s Phenomenology
The Existentialism of Heidegger
The Existentialism of Sartre and de Beauvoir
XXIII THE PHILOSOPHY OF Wittgenstein
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Logical Positivism
Philosophical Investigations
XXIV RECENT CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY
The Frankfurt School
Jacques Derrida
Jurgen Habermas
XXV RECENT ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY
Elizabeth Anscombe
W. V. O. Quine
Donald Davidson
Peter Geach
Peter Strawson
American Metaphysics
The Cartesian Revival
Analytical Ethics
John Rawls
Richard Rorty

Allen W. Wood, Kant (2005)

Life and works
Synthetic a priori cognition
- The possibility of metaphysics
- The transcendental aesthetic: pure sensibility
- The transcendental analytic: pure understanding
The principles of possible experience
- The transcendental deduction of the categories
- Objects, categories, and schemata
- The principles of pure understanding
The limits of cognition and the ideas of reason
- Transcendental idealism
- Ideas of reason
The transcendental dialectic
- The a priori doctrine of the soul
- The antithetic of pure reason
- God as the ideal of pure reason
- The transcendental doctrine of method
Philosophy of history
Ethical theory
- Practical Anthropology
- The fundamental principle of morality
- The metaphysical system of duties
The theory of taste
- Why a third 'critique'?
- Judgments of taste
- Beauty and morality
- The sublime
- Art and genius
Politics and religion
- The concept of right
- The system of right
- The right of nations and perpetual peace
- Moral faith and religion

Andrew Bowie - Schelling and Modern European Philosophy: An Introduction (1993)

Introduction
- Situating Schelling
- Metaphor and metaphysics
- Stages in Schelling’s philosophy
Absolute Beginnings
- Fichte and Spinozism
- Jacobi, Fichte, and the Pantheism controversy
- The ground of judgement
The Hermeneutics of Nature
- Matter and life
- The productivity of nature
- Nature as visible mind
- The facticity of nature
The History of Consciousness and the Truth of Art
- The path to the self
- Self-reference and art
Identity Philosophy
- The identity of the Absolute
- Moving beyond the I: the break with Fichte
- Transitive being and identity
- Identity and ‘différance’
- Schelling, Rorty and Davidson
- Absolute reflection
- The problem of transition
Freedom, Ontology and Language
- Ground and freedom
- World-making
- Word-making
Schelling or Hegel?
- Introduction
- Reflection and inversion
- The limits of negative philosophy
- Positive philosophy
- Concept and being
- The logic of reflection
- Non-identity
- Conclusion

v t e Epicureanism
Philosophers	Epicurus Metrodorus Zeno of Sidon Philodemus Lucretius Diogenes of Oenoanda more...
Concepts	Ataraxia Clinamen Eudaimonia Free will Hedone Otium Problem of evil
Works	On the Nature of Things Principal Doctrines Herculaneum papyri

v t e Skepticism
Types of skepticism	Philosophical Radical Local Moral Scientific Religious
Skeptical philosophies	Academic Skepticism Ajñana Cartesian Charvaka Humeanism Pyrrhonism Solipsism
Skeptical philosophers	Pyrrho Timon Arcesilaus Lacydes Carneades Clitomachus Philo of Larissa Cicero Aenesidemus Agrippa Sextus Empiricus Montaigne Rene Descartes David Hume
Skeptical scenarios	Acatalepsy Brain in a vat Dream argument Evil genius Five-minute hypothesis Münchhausen trilemma Problem of the criterion Problem of induction Simulation hypothesis Wax argument
Responses	Here is one hand Semantic externalism Process reliabilism Epistemic closure Contextualism Relativism
Lists	List of books about skepticism List of scientific skeptics List of skeptical conferences List of skeptical magazines List of skeptical organizations List of skeptical podcasts

v t e Thomas Aquinas
Books	Contra Errores Graecorum De regno, ad regem Cypri Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate Summa Theologiae Quinque viae Treatise on Law Summa contra Gentiles
Hymns and prayers	Adoro te devote Creator ineffabilis Lauda Sion Ecce panis angelorum O sacrum convivium Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium Tantum ergo Sacris solemniis Panis angelicus Verbum supernum prodiens O salutaris hostia
Thought	Actus Essendi Homo unius libri Principle of double effect View on the Sacraments
Related	Canonization of Thomas Aquinas Thomism Editio Leonina Neo-scholasticism Analytical Thomism Thomas Aquinas Dictionary List of works by Thomas Aquinas Institutional namesakes Pontifical University International Council of Universities Triumph of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1323 painting) The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1631 painting) Temptation of St. Thomas (1632 painting)
Catholicism portal

v t e Rishonim
North Africa	Isaac Alfasi (Rif) Chananel ben Chushiel Dunash ben Labrat Zechariah Aghmati Nissim ben Jacob Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam Shemariah ben Elhanan
Spain (except Catalonia)	Maimonides Judah Halevi Abraham ibn Ezra Yom Tov Asevilli (Ritva) Joseph ibn Migash (Ri Migash) Meir Abulafia (Ramah) Bahya ibn Paquda Bahya ben Asher David Abudirham Joseph Albo Isaac ben Moses Arama (Akeidat Yitzchak) Rabbenu Yerucham Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon (Migdal Oz) Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula Isaac ibn Ghiyyat Maimon ben Joseph Isaac Aboab I Abraham ibn Daud Moses ibn Ezra Jonah ibn Janah Abraham Saba
Catalonia	Nachmanides Menachem Meiri Nissim of Gerona (Ran) Shlomo ibn Aderet (Rashba) Yonah Gerondi (Rabbeinu Yonah) Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona (Baal HaMaor) Hasdai Crescas Aharon HaLevi (Ra'ah) Isaac ben Sheshet (Rivash) Simeon ben Zemah Duran (Tashbatz) Vidal of Tolosa (Maggid Mishneh) Joseph ibn Habib (Nimmukei Yosef) Azriel of Gerona Moshe Chalava Judah ben Yakar Judah ben Barzillai
Provence	Hachmei Provence Abraham ben David (Raavad) Gersonides (Ralbag) David Kimhi (Radak) Abba Mari Isaac ben Abba Mari (HaIttur) Abraham ben Nathan (HaManhig) David ben Levi of Narbonne (HaMichtam) Moses ben Joseph (Rambi) Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne (Raavad II, HaEshkol) Moshe ha-Darshan Meshullam ben Jacob Asher ben Meshullam Abraham of Montpellier Joseph Caspi Isaac the Blind Samuel ibn Tibbon Isaac of Narbonne Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen Jonathan of Lunel
France (except Provence)	Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol Rashi List of Tosafists Rabbeinu Tam Rashbam Solomon ben Meir Samson ben Joseph of Falaise Yom Tov of Falaise Eliezer ben Samuel (Yereim) Isaac ben Samuel (Ri HaZaken) Moses ben Jacob of Coucy (Semag) Judah ben Nathan (Rivan) Bechor Shor Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans Elijah of Paris Judah ben Yom Tov Haim ben Hananel HaCohen Yechiel of Paris Rivam Peretz ben Elijah Eliezer of Toul Chaim Paltiel Jacob of Orléans Samson of Chinon Jacob of Chinon Eliezer of Touques Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre Baruch ben Isaac Samson ben Abraham of Sens Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi Meir ben Samuel Moses of Évreux Samuel of Évreux Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils Menahem ben Helbo Simeon Kara Shemaiah of Soissons Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken Ephraim ben Samson
Germany	Meshullam ben Kalonymus Gershom ben Judah (Rabbeinu Gershom) Simeon bar Isaac of Mainz Asher ben Jehiel (Rosh) Jacob ben Asher (Baal HaTurim) Mordechai ben Hillel (Mordechai) Meir of Rothenburg (Maharam MeRotenberg) Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin (Maharil) Eliezer ben Nathan (Ra'aven) Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi (Raavyah) Eleazar of Worms (Rokeach) Meir HaKohen (Hagahot Maimuniot) Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg (Yehudah haHasid) Yaakov ben Yakar Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol Judah ben Kalonymus Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir Meir ben Baruch Halevi Israel Bruna Israel of Bamberg Ephraim of Bonn Judah ben Asher Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi Jacob ben Judah Landau Samuel ben Natronai Alexander Suslin Jacob Weil Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi Simha of Speyer Isaac Asir HaTikvah
England	Aaron of Canterbury Aaron of York Elias of London Eliyahu Menachem of London Hagin Deulacres Jacob ben Judah of London Josce of London Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah Moses of London Yom Tov of Joigny Berechiah de Nicole
Austria	Israel Isserlein (Terumat HaDeshen) Isaac of Vienna (Or Zarua) Avigdor Cohen of Vienna Isaac Tyrnau
Italy	Nathan ben Jehiel (the Aruch) Isaiah di Trani (Rid) Isaiah di Trani the Younger (Riaz) Obadiah of Bertinoro Menahem Recanati Zedekiah Anaw (Shibbolei HaLeket) Benjamin Anaw Judah Anav Moses ben Meir of Ferrara Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona Hillel ben Samuel Joseph Colon Trabotto Isaac ben Melchizedek Judah Messer Leon
Elsewhere	Isaac Abarbanel Elijah Mizrachi Tobiah ben Eliezer (Lekach Tov) Zerahiah the Greek Isaac ben Dorbolo Isaac ben Samuel of Acre Moses Taku Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan Nathan ben Abraham I Hillel ben Eliakim Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi Nethanel ben Isaiah‎

v t e Francis Bacon
Philosophy	Baconian method Idola fori Idola theatri Idola specus Idola tribus Salomon's House
Works	Essays (1597) The Advancement of Learning (1605) Novum Organum (1620) History of the Reign of King Henry VII (1622) New Atlantis (1627) Complete bibliography
Family	Alice Barnham (wife) Nicholas Bacon (father) Anne Bacon (mother)
Other	Bacon's cipher Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon Occult theories Romanticism and Bacon

User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Philosophy

Contents

Philosophy edit

History edit

Ancient edit

Medieval edit

Modern edit

Contemporary edit

Eastern edit

Branches edit

Epistemology edit

Ethics edit

Logic edit

Metaphysics edit

Aesthetics edit

Philosophy of mind edit

Further edit

Philosophy edit

Aesthetics edit

Epistemology edit

Ethics edit

History edit

See also edit

External links edit

v t e Baruch Spinoza (Benedictus de Spinoza)
Works by	Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (1662) Principia philosophiae cartesianae (1663) Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1670) Tractatus Politicus (1675–1676) Ethics (1677)
Concepts and interests	Immanence Conatus Multitude Causa sui Pantheism Determinism Secularism
Works about	Cultural depictions Spinoza: Practical Philosophy New Jerusalem (2008 play) Spinoza Prize
Commons Wikiquote Wikisource texts

v t e Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Mathematics and philosophy	Alternating series test Best of all possible worlds Calculus controversy Calculus ratiocinator Characteristica universalis Compossibility Difference Dynamism Identity of indiscernibles Individuation Law of continuity Leibniz wheel Leibniz's gap Leibniz's notation Lingua generalis Mathesis universalis Pre-established harmony Plenitude Sufficient reason Salva veritate Theodicy Transcendental law of homogeneity Rationalism Universal science Vis viva Well-founded phenomenon
Works	De Arte Combinatoria (1666) Discourse on Metaphysics (1686) New Essays on Human Understanding (1704) Théodicée (1710) Monadology (1714) Leibniz–Clarke correspondence (1715–1716)
Category

v t e David Hume
Books	A Treatise of Human Nature An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary Four Dissertations Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion The History of England The History of Great Britain
Criticism	Argument for the existence of God from design Problem of induction Is–ought problem
Philosophy	Hume's principle Hume's law Hume's fork The Missing Shade of Blue "Of Miracles" Scottish Enlightenment Empiricism Price–specie flow mechanism
Related	Hume Studies A Treatise of Human Nature (Abstract) Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

v t e Pragmatism
Classical	Charles Sanders Peirce William James John Dewey Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. F. C. S. Schiller
Protopragmatists or related thinkers	George Herbert Mead Josiah Royce George Santayana W. E. B. Du Bois Giovanni Papini Giovanni Vailati Hu Shih Reinhold Niebuhr
Analytic, neo- and other	Richard J. Bernstein Arthur Fine Stanley Fish Robert Brandom Clarence Irving Lewis Joseph Margolis Hilary Putnam Richard Rorty Willard van Orman Quine Mike Sandbothe Richard Shusterman Jason Stanley Robert B. Talisse Stephen Toulmin Roberto Unger Sidney Hook Isaac Levi Susan Haack Nicholas Rescher

v t e Arthur Schopenhauer
Books	On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason On Vision and Colours The World as Will and Representation Critique of the Kantian philosophy On the Freedom of the Will On the Basis of Morality Parerga and Paralipomena The Art of Being Right
Philosophy	Aesthetics Animal rights Criticism of Kant's schemata Hedgehog's dilemma Metaphysical voluntarism
Family	Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer (father) Johanna Schopenhauer (mother) Adele Schopenhauer (sister) Andreas Schopenhauer (grandfather) Christian Heinrich Trosiener (grandfather) Johann Schopenhauer (great-grandfather) Hendrik Soermans (great-grandfather)
Works about	Critique of the Schopenhauerian philosophy In the Presence of Schopenhauer Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy The Schopenhauer Cure
Related	Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture) Schopenhauer Society

v t e Friedrich Nietzsche
Works	The Birth of Tragedy On the Pathos of Truth Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense Untimely Meditations Hymnus an das Leben Human, All Too Human The Dawn of Day Idylls from Messina The Gay Science Thus Spoke Zarathustra Beyond Good and Evil On the Genealogy of Morality The Case of Wagner Twilight of the Idols The Antichrist Ecce Homo Dionysian Dithyrambs Nietzsche contra Wagner The Will to Power (posthumous)
Concepts and philosophy	Affirmation Amor fati Apollonian and Dionysian The Four Great Errors Eternal return Faith in the Earth Genealogy (philosophy) God is dead Holy Lie Immaculate perception Last man Master–slave morality Perspectivism Ressentiment Transvaluation of values Tschandala Übermensch Will to power World riddle
Related	Works about Nietzsche Influence and reception of Nietzsche Anarchism and Nietzsche Nietzsche's views on women Nietzsche and free will The Journal of Nietzsche Studies Library of Friedrich Nietzsche Nietzsche Archive Nietzsche-Haus, Naumburg Nietzsche-Haus, Sils Maria Relationship with Max Stirner My Sister and I Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche (sister) Nietzschean Zionism Herd instinct Zarathustra's roundelay

v t e Continental philosophy
Philosophers	Adorno Agamben Althusser Arendt Aron Bachelard Badiou Barthes Bataille Baudrillard Bauman Benjamin de Beauvoir Bergson Blanchot Bourdieu Buber Butler Camus Cassirer Castoriadis Cioran Cixous Croce de Man Debord Deleuze Derrida Dilthey Eco Eagleton Engels Fanon Fichte Fisher Foucault Gadamer Gentile Guattari Gramsci Habermas Hegel Heidegger Husserl Ingarden Irigaray Jameson Jaspers Kierkegaard Kojève Koyré Kołakowski Kristeva Lacan Latour Lefebvre Lévi-Strauss Levinas Luhmann Lukács Lyotard Marcel Marcuse Marx Merleau-Ponty Nancy Negri Nietzsche Ortega y Gasset Rancière Ricœur Said Sartre Schelling Schmitt Schopenhauer Serres Sloterdijk Spengler Stein Strauss Weber Weil Williams Žižek
Theories	Absurdism Critical theory Deconstruction Existentialism Frankfurt School German idealism Hegelianism Hermeneutics Marxism Western Freudo- Neo-Kantianism Non-philosophy Non-representational theory Phenomenology Postmodernism Post-structuralism Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic theory Romanticism Speculative realism Structuralism
Concepts	Alterity Always already Angst Apollonian and Dionysian Authenticity Being in itself Binary oppositions Boredom Class struggle Critique Immanent Ideological Postcritique Dasein Death of God Death drive Différance Difference Existence precedes essence Existential crisis Facticity Gaze Genealogy Habitus Hauntology Historical materialism Ideology Interpellation (philosophy) Intersubjectivity Leap of faith Master–slave dialectic Master–slave morality Oedipus complex Ontic Ontopoetics Other Power Ressentiment Self-deception Totalitarianism Trace Transvaluation of values Violence#Philosophical perspectives Wertkritik Will to power Hermeneutics of suspicion Discourse Linguistic theory Linguistic determinism Semantics Semiotics Media studies Film theory Linguistic turn Postcolonialism Philosophy of language
Category Index

v t e Martin Heidegger
Philosophy	Aletheia Dasein Ekstase Fundamental ontology Gestell Hermeneutic circle "Language speaks" Metaphysics of presence Ontic Terminology Thrownness World disclosure
Works	Being and Time (1927) "What Is Metaphysics?" (1929) Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (1929) "Introduction to Metaphysics" (1935) Black Notebooks (1931–41) "The Age of the World Picture" (1938) Contributions to Philosophy (1936–1938) "Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"" (1942) "Letter on Humanism" (1947) The Question Concerning Technology (1949) "The Origin of the Work of Art" (1950) What Is Called Thinking? (1951–2) What Is Philosophy? (1955) "Only a God Can Save Us" (1966) Heidegger Gesamtausgabe
Film and TV	The Ister Being in the World Human, All Too Human
Related topics	Heidegger scholars Heidegger Studies Relationship with Nazism Cassirer–Heidegger debate Thing theory

v t e Ludwig Wittgenstein
Family	Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein Karl Wittgenstein Paul Wittgenstein Works associated with Paul Wittgenstein
Early work	Picture theory of language Truth tables Wittgenstein's ladder
Later work	Language-game Private language argument Family resemblance Rule-following Form of life Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics Therapeutic approach
Publications	Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus "Some Remarks on Logical Form" Blue and Brown Books Philosophical Remarks Philosophical Investigations On Certainty Culture and Value Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics Zettel Remarks on Colour Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief
Movements	Analytic philosophy Linguistic turn Ideal language philosophy Logical atomism Logical positivism Ordinary language philosophy Wittgensteinian fideism Quietism
Friends	G. E. M. Anscombe R. B. Braithwaite Rudolf Carnap Paul Engelmann John Maynard Keynes Peter Geach Norman Malcolm G. E. Moore David Pinsent Frank P. Ramsey Rush Rhees Bertrand Russell Moritz Schlick Francis Skinner Piero Sraffa Vienna Circle Friedrich Waismann Peter Winch G. H. von Wright
Biographers	David Edmonds Ray Monk William Warren Bartley
Secondary sources	A. J. Ayer Gordon Baker James F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Terry Eagleton Peter Hacker Dale Jacquette Saul Kripke Anthony Kenny Warren Goldfarb Stanley Cavell D. Z. Phillips Colin McGinn Jaakko Hintikka Oswald Hanfling A. C. Grayling Rupert Read Barry Stroud Stephen Toulmin Crispin Wright Fergus Kerr Wittgenstein's Poker
Related	Cambridge Apostles Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club Haidbauer incident Haus Wittgenstein Fritz Mauthner
Film	Wittgenstein (film) Wittgenstein Tractatus

v t e Epistemology
Epistemologists	Thomas Aquinas Augustine of Hippo William Alston Robert Audi A. J. Ayer George Berkeley Laurence BonJour Gilles Deleuze Keith DeRose René Descartes John Dewey Fred Dretske Edmund Gettier Alvin Goldman Nelson Goodman Paul Grice Anil Gupta Susan Haack David Hume Immanuel Kant Søren Kierkegaard Peter Klein Saul Kripke Hilary Kornblith David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas Reid Bertrand Russell Gilbert Ryle Wilfrid Sellars Susanna Siegel Ernest Sosa P. F. Strawson Baruch Spinoza Timothy Williamson Ludwig Wittgenstein Nicholas Wolterstorff Vienna Circle more...
Theories	Coherentism Constructivism Contextualism Empiricism Evolutionary epistemology Fallibilism Feminist epistemology Fideism Foundationalism Holism Infinitism Innatism Naïve realism Naturalized epistemology Phenomenalism Positivism Rationalism Reductionism Reliabilism Representational realism Skepticism Transcendental idealism
Concepts	A priori knowledge A posteriori knowledge Analysis Analytic–synthetic distinction Belief Common sense Descriptive knowledge Exploratory thought Epistemic injustice Epistemic virtue Gettier problem Induction Internalism and externalism Justification Knowledge Objectivity Privileged access Problem of induction Problem of other minds Perception Procedural knowledge Proposition Regress argument Simplicity Truth more...
Related articles	Outline of epistemology Faith and rationality Formal epistemology Metaepistemology Philosophy of perception Philosophy of science Social epistemology Virtue epistemology
Category Task Force Stubs Discussion

v t e Ethics
Normative	Consequentialism Deontology Care Particularism Pragmatic Role Suffering-focused Utilitarianism Virtue
Applied	Animal Artificial intelligence Bio Business Discourse Engineering Environmental Legal Machine Meat eating Media Medical Nursing Professional Sexual Technology Terraforming Uncertain sentience
Meta	Absolutism Axiology Cognitivism Realism Naturalism Non-naturalism Subjectivism Ideal observer theory Divine command theory Constructivism Euthyphro dilemma Intuitionism Nihilism Non-cognitivism Emotivism Expressivism Quasi-realism Universal prescriptivism Rationalism Relativism Skepticism Universalism Value monism – Value pluralism
Schools	Buddhist Christian Confucian Epicurean Existentialist Feminist Islamic Jewish Kantian Rousseauian Stoic Tao
Concepts	Authority Autonomy Common sense Compassion Conscience Consent Culture of life Dignity Double standard Duty Equality Etiquette Eudaimonia Family values Fidelity Free will Good and evil Good Evil Problem of evil Happiness Honour Ideal Immorality Justice Liberty Loyalty Moral courage Moral hierarchy Moral imperative Morality Norm Political freedom Precept Rights Self-discipline Suffering Stewardship Sympathy Theodicy Trust Value Intrinsic Japan Western Vice Virtue Vow Wrong
Ethicists	Laozi Socrates Plato Aristotle Diogenes Valluvar Cicero Confucius Augustine Mencius Mozi Xunzi Aquinas Spinoza Hume Kant Hegel Schopenhauer Bentham Mill Kierkegaard Sidgwick Nietzsche Moore Barth Tillich Bonhoeffer Foot Rawls Dewey Williams Mackie Anscombe Frankena MacIntyre Hare Singer Parfit Nagel Adams Taylor Azurmendi Korsgaard Nussbaum
Works	Nicomachean Ethics (c. 322 BC) Ethics (Spinoza) (1677) A Treatise of Human Nature (1740) The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) Critique of Practical Reason (1788) Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820) Either/Or (1843) Utilitarianism (1861) Beyond Good and Evil (1886) On the Genealogy of Morality (1887) Principia Ethica (1903) Ethics (Moore) (1912) A Theory of Justice (1971) Animal Liberation (1975) Practical Ethics (1979) After Virtue (1981)
Related	Axiology Casuistry Descriptive ethics Ethics in religion Evolutionary ethics History of ethics Ideology Moral psychology Philosophy of law Political philosophy Population ethics Secular ethics Social philosophy Index
Category

v t e Metaphysics
Theories	Abstract object theory Action theory Anti-realism Determinism Dualism Enactivism Essentialism Existentialism Free will Idealism Libertarianism Liberty Materialism Meaning of life Monism Naturalism Nihilism Phenomenalism Realism Physicalism Relativism Scientific realism Solipsism Spiritualism Subjectivism Substance theory Theory of forms Truthmaker theory Type theory
Concepts	Abstract object Anima mundi Category of being Causality Causal closure Cogito, ergo sum Concept Embodied cognition Essence Existence Experience Hypostatic abstraction Idea Identity Information Insight Intelligence Intention Linguistic modality Matter Meaning Mental representation Mind Motion Nature Necessity Object Ontology Pattern Perception Physical object Principle Property Qualia Quality Reality Relation Soul Subject Substantial form Thought Time Truth Type–token distinction Universal Unobservable Value more ...
Metaphysicians	Parmenides Plato Aristotle Proclus Plotinus Scotus Aquinas Suárez Descartes Spinoza Locke Malebranche Newton Leibniz Wolff Reid Berkeley Hume Kant Hegel Schopenhauer Bolzano Lotze Peirce Nietzsche Meinong Bergson Whitehead Russell Moore Collingwood Wittgenstein Heidegger Carnap Ryle Sartre Quine Davidson Strawson Anscombe Deleuze Dummett Armstrong Putnam Plantinga Kripke Lewis Parfit more ...
Notable works	Sophist (c. 350 BC) Timaeus (c. 350 BC) Nyāya Sūtras (c. 200 BC) De rerum natura (c. 80 BC) Metaphysics (c. 50) Enneads (c. 270) Daneshnameh-ye Alai (c. 1000) Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) Ethics (1677) A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) Monadology (1714) Critique of Pure Reason (1781) Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (1783) The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) The World as Will and Representation (1818) Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments (1846) Being and Time (1927) Being and Nothingness (1943) Simulacra and Simulation (1981)
Related topics	Axiology Cosmology Epistemology Feminist metaphysics Interpretations of quantum mechanics Mereology Meta- Phenomenology Philosophy of mind Philosophy of psychology Philosophy of self Philosophy of space and time Teleology
Category Philosophy portal

v t e Aesthetics
Areas	Ancient Africa India Internet Japanese Mathematics Medieval Music Nature Science Theology
Schools	Aestheticism Classicism Fascism Feminism Formalism Historicism Marxism Modernism Postmodernism Psychoanalysis Realism Romanticism Symbolism Theosophy more...
Philosophers	Abhinavagupta Adorno Alberti Aristotle Aquinas Balázs Balthasar Baudelaire Baudrillard Baumgarten Bell Benjamin Burke Coleridge Collingwood Coomaraswamy Danto Deleuze Dewey Fry Goethe Goodman Greenberg Hanslick Hegel Heidegger Hume Hutcheson Kant Kierkegaard Klee Langer Lipps Lukács Lyotard Man Maritain Merleau-Ponty Nietzsche Ortega y Gasset Pater Plato Rancière Rand Richards Ruskin Santayana Schiller Schopenhauer Scruton Tagore Tanizaki Vasari Wilde Winckelmann more...
Concepts	Appropriation Art for art's sake Art manifesto Artistic merit Avant-garde Beauty Feminine Masculine Camp Comedy Creativity Cuteness Disgust Ecstasy Elegance Emotions Entertainment Eroticism Fashion Fun Gaze Harmony Humour Interpretation Judgment Kama Kitsch Life imitating art Magnificence Mimesis Perception Picturesque Quality Rasa Recreation Reverence Style Sublime Taste Tragedy Work of art
Works	Hippias Major (c. 390 BC) Poetics (c. 335 BC) The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons (c. 100) On the Sublime (c. 500) A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) Lectures on Aesthetics (1835) "The Critic as Artist" (1891) In Praise of Shadows (1933) Art as Experience (1934) "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" (1935) "Avant-Garde and Kitsch" (1939) Critical Essays (1946) The Aesthetic Dimension (1977) Why Beauty Matters (2009)
Related	Aestheticization of politics Applied aesthetics Arts criticism Axiology Evolutionary aesthetics Mathematical beauty Neuroesthetics Patterns in nature Philosophy of design Philosophy of film Philosophy of music Psychology of art Theory of art
Index Outline Category Philosophy portal

v t e Philosophy of mind
Philosophers	G. E. M. Anscombe Aristotle Armstrong Thomas Aquinas J. L. Austin Alexander Bain George Berkeley Henri Bergson Ned Block Franz Brentano C. D. Broad Tyler Burge David Chalmers Patricia Churchland Paul Churchland Andy Clark Dharmakirti Donald Davidson Daniel Dennett René Descartes Fred Dretske Fodor Goldman Martin Heidegger David Hume Edmund Husserl William James Frank Cameron Jackson Immanuel Kant David Lewis (philosopher) John Locke Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Maurice Merleau-Ponty Marvin Minsky Thomas Nagel Alva Noë Derek Parfit Plato Hilary Putnam Richard Rorty Gilbert Ryle John Searle Wilfrid Sellars Baruch Spinoza Alan Turing Michael Tye Vasubandhu Ludwig Wittgenstein Stephen Yablo Zhuangzi more...
Theories	Behaviorism Biological naturalism Dualism Eliminative materialism Emergent materialism Epiphenomenalism Functionalism Interactionism Naïve realism Neurophenomenology Neutral monism New mysterianism Nondualism Occasionalism Parallelism Phenomenalism Phenomenology Physicalism Type physicalism Property dualism Representational Solipsism Substance dualism
Concepts	Abstract object Artificial intelligence Chinese room Creativity Cognition Cognitive closure Concept Consciousness Hard problem of consciousness Hypostatic abstraction Idea Identity Intelligence Intentionality Introspection Intuition Language of thought Mental event Mental image Mental process Mental property Mental representation Mind Mind–body problem Pain Problem of other minds Propositional attitude Qualia Tabula rasa Understanding Zombie
Related	Metaphysics Philosophy of artificial intelligence / information / perception / self
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