This list of 2013 in paleobotany records new fossil plant taxa that were described during 2013, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year.
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
Chlorophyta edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wicander & Playford |
A member of Chlorophyta belonging to the group Prasinophyceae. |
Bryophyta edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ignatov & Perkovsky |
Middle Eocene |
Sakhalinian amber |
A moss belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Barclay et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian) |
Middle Dakota Formation |
A member of Bryidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type specimen is Bryiidites utahensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ignatov et al. |
A moss. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ignatov & Perkovsky |
Late Eocene |
Rovno amber |
A moss belonging to the group Dicranales (sensu lato). Genus includes new species C. ucrainicus. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ignatov & Perkovsky |
Middle Eocene |
Sakhalinian amber |
A moss belonging to the order Hypnales. Genus includes new species P. obscurus. |
Ferns and fern allies edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Osmundaceae. Originally described as a species of Ashicaulis; transferred to the genus Millerocaulis by Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin (2017).[7] |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva & Shczepetov |
Ola Formation |
A fern belonging to the family Dipteridaceae. Genus includes new species M. ochotica. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jacques & Zhou in Jacques, Su & Zhou |
Miocene |
A member of Polypodiaceae. The type specimen is Palaeosorum ellipticum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Carvalho in Carvalho et al. |
Early Eocene |
A species of Todea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vera |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A cyathealean of uncertain placement. Type species is Y. chimaerica. |
Ginkgophytes edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nosova |
Middle Jurassic |
A Ginkgo-like plant described on the basis of seeds. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Nosova |
Middle Jurassic |
A member of Ginkgoales described on the basis of peduncles furcating into several pedicels. Genus includes new species N. samylinae. |
Gnetophyta edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Yang, Lin & Wang |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
A member of Ephedraceae. The type specimen is Chengia laxispicata. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Löwe et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A gnetophyte. The type of a new genus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ricardi-Branco et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian or Albian) |
Crato Member of the Santana Formation |
A member of Gnetales. The type specimen is Itajuba yansanae. |
Pachytestopsida edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Spencer, Hilton & Sutton |
Carboniferous |
A member of Medullosales, a species of Stephanospermum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Spencer et al. |
Permian (Lopingian) |
A member of Medullosales, a species of Stephanospermum. |
Pinophyta edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Rothwell et al. |
Late Jurassic (early Kimmeridgian) |
Kimmeridge Clay Formation |
A pinophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Bodnar et al. |
Early–Middle Jurassic |
A member of Pinophyta described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Serbet, Bomfleur & Rothwell |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A species of Cunninghamia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva & Shczepetov |
Ola Formation |
A conifer of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Liu & Yao |
Permian |
A species of Pagiophyllum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Escapa et al. |
Late Jurassic |
Cañadón Calcáreo Formation |
A member of Pinophyta belonging to the family Cheirolepidiaceae, a species of Pararaucaria. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva & Shczepetov |
Ola Formation |
A spruce. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Greenwood, Hill & Conran |
Eocene |
Branksome Formation |
A species of Prumnopitys. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Leslie et al. |
Early Cretaceous (probably Aptian-Albian) |
Tevshiin Govi Formation |
A member of Pinophyta, possibly a member of the stem group of Pinaceae; a species of Schizolepidopsis. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
He et al. |
Permian (late Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian) |
A member of Pinophyta. Genus includes new species X. scalariforme. |
Angiosperms edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A member of Annonaceae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Smith et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A ranunculalean known from a stem with lianoid anatomy. The type specimen is Atli morinii. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang & Zhou in Wang et al. |
Miocene |
A bamboo. The type specimen is Bambusiculmus angustus; genus also includes Bambusiculmus latus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang & Zhou in Wang et al. |
Miocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang & Zhou in Wang et al. |
Miocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Mehrotra et al. |
Late Miocene to early Pliocene |
Tipam Group |
A possible relative of Bombax. The type specimen is Bombacacioxylon tertiarum. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A fossil fruit. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Grote in Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A member of Rosales belonging or related to the family Moraceae. Genus includes new species C. copiosum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A species of Corylopsis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Mukherjee & Prasad |
A member of the family Ebenaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. Originally described as a species of Diospyros; Srivastava et al. (2018) transferred this species to the genus Ebenoxylon.[30] |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A species of Firmiana. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A member of the family Bignoniaceae. Genus includes new species G. warmanensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Brea, Zucol & Franco |
Pliocene–Pleistocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A witch-hazel. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Manchester, Kapgate & Wen |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of the family Vitaceae. Genus includes new species I. chitaleyae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Barral et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) |
A basal eudicot. The type specimen is Iterophyllum lobatum. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Coiffard, Mohr & Bernardes-de-Oliveira |
Early Cretaceous |
Fossil Nymphaeales. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Prasad |
Mio-Pliocene |
A species of Lagerstroemia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Conran, Bannister & Lee |
Early Miocene |
A species of Laurelia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wang, Blanchard & Dilcher |
Eocene |
A member of Lauraceae. Genus includes new species L. warmanensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dao & Sun in Dao et al. |
Late Pliocene |
A species of Lindera. |
||||
|
"Magnolia" szakmanycsabae[39] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hably |
Late Miocene |
A plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a relative of Magnoliaceae–Lauraceae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar, Chambers & Wunderlich |
An early flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species M. burmensis. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Oskolski, Feng & Jin |
Late Eocene |
A member of Myrtaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species M. maomingensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
Eocene |
Cambay Shale Formation |
A palm tree, a species of Palmoxylon. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A species of Paranephelium. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Late Oligocene |
A species of Poeciloneuron. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Prasad |
Mio-Pliocene |
A species of Pongamia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Jud & Hickey |
Early Cretaceous (Aptian) |
Potomac Group |
A close relative of ranunculalean eudicots. The type specimen is Potomacapnos apeleutheron. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A species of Pterygota. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Srivastava & Mehrotra |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
A species of Sapindus. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Coiffard, Mohr & Bernardes-de-Oliveira |
Early Cretaceous |
Fossil Aroid. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hably |
Late Miocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hably |
Late Miocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Poinar & Steeves |
Cenozoic (Eocene or Miocene) |
A member of Myristicaceae found in Dominican amber, a species of Virola. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hably |
Late Miocene |
A species of Vitis. |
Other seed plants edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov. |
Valid |
Tidwell, Britt & Wright |
Middle to Late Jurassic |
A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type specimen is Donponoxylon bennettii; genus also contains Donponoxylon jacksonii. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Bergene, Taylor & Taylor |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A gymnosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
Other plants edit
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hoffman & Tomescu |
Devonian (Emsian) |
A basal member of Euphyllophytina. The type specimen is F. gerriennei. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
Awaynat Wanin I Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Breuer & Steemans |
References edit
- ^ R. Wicander; G. Playford (2013). "Marine and terrestrial palynofloras from transitional Devonian–Mississippian strata, Illinois Basin, U.S.A." (PDF). Boletín Geológico y Minero. 124 (4): 589–637.
- ^ a b Michael S. Ignatov; Evgeny E. Perkovsky (2013). "Mosses from Sakhalinian amber (Russian Far East)". Arctoa: A Journal of Bryology. 22: 79–82. doi:10.15298/arctoa.22.11.
- ^ Richard S. Barclay; Jennifer C. McElwain; Jeffrey G. Duckett; Maarten H. van Es; Anika S. Mostaert; Silvia Pressel; Bradley B. Sageman (2013). "New methods reveal oldest known fossil epiphyllous moss: Bryiidites utahensis gen. et sp. nov. (Bryidae)". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2450–2457. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300209. PMID 24302691. S2CID 7217440.
- ^ Michael S. Ignatov; Eugeny E. Karasev; Sofia M. Sinitsa; Elena V. Maslova (2013). "New Bryokhutuliinia species (Bryophyta) with sporophytes from the Upper Jurassic of Transbaikalia". Arctoa: A Journal of Bryology. 22: 69–78. doi:10.15298/arctoa.22.10.
- ^ Michael S. Ignatov; Evgeny E. Perkovsky (2013). "Mosses from Rovno amber (Ukraine), 2". Arctoa: A Journal of Bryology. 22: 83–92. doi:10.15298/arctoa.22.12.
- ^ Ning Tian; Yongdong Wang; Wu Zhang; Zikun Jiang; David L. Dilcher (2013). "Ashicaulis beipiaoensis sp. nov., a New Osmundaceous Fern Species from the Middle Jurassic of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (3): 328–339. doi:10.1086/668868. S2CID 83565443.
- ^ Benjamin Bomfleur; Guido W. Grimm; Stephen McLoughlin (2017). "The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes". PeerJ. 5: e3433. doi:10.7717/peerj.3433. PMC 5508817. PMID 28713650.
- ^ a b c L.B. Golovneva; S.V. Shczepetov (2013). "The Yana floristic assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous volcanic deposits of the northern coast of Sea of Okhotsk". Paleobotanika. 4: 5–35. doi:10.31111/palaeobotany/2013.4.5.
- ^ Frédéric M. B. Jacques; Tao Su; Zhe-Kun Zhou (2013). "The first fossil Microsoroid fern (Palaeosorum ellipticum gen. et sp. nov.) from the middle Miocene of Yunnan, SW China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 51 (6): 758–764. doi:10.1111/jse.12030. S2CID 82491404.
- ^ Mónica R. Carvalho; Peter Wilf; Elizabeth J. Hermsen; Maria A. Gandolfo; N. Rubén Cúneo; Kirk R. Johnson (2013). "First record of Todea (Osmundaceae) in South America, from the early Eocene paleorainforests of Laguna del Hunco (Patagonia, Argentina)". American Journal of Botany. 100 (9): 1831–1848. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200637. hdl:11336/5393. PMID 24018858.
- ^ Ezequiel Ignacio Vera (2013). "New cyathealean tree fern, Yavanna chimaerica gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Livingston Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 44: 214–222. Bibcode:2013CrRes..44..214V. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.04.011. hdl:11336/8854.
- ^ a b Natalya Nosova (2013). "Revision of the genus Grenana Samylina from the Middle Jurassic of Angren, Uzbekistan". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 197: 226–252. Bibcode:2013RPaPa.197..226N. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.06.005.
- ^ Yong Yang; Longbiao Lin & Qi Wang (2013). "Chengia laxispicata gen. et sp. nov., a new ephedroid plant from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, Northeast China: evolutionary, taxonomic, and biogeographic implications". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 72. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...72Y. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-72. PMC 3626868. PMID 23530702.
- ^ Löwe, S.; Mohr, B.A.R.; Coiffard, C.; Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M.E.C. (2013). "Friedsellowia gracilifolia gen. nov. et sp. nov., a new gnetophyte from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil)". Palaeontographica Abteilung B. 289 (4–6): 139–177.
- ^ Alan R.T. Spencer; Jason Hilton; Mark D. Sutton (2013). "Combined methodologies for three-dimensional reconstruction of fossil plants preserved in siderite nodules: Stephanospermum braidwoodensis nov. sp. (Medullosales) from the Mazon Creek lagerstätte". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 188: 1–17. Bibcode:2013RPaPa.188....1S. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.09.001.
- ^ Alan R.T. Spencer; Shi-Jun Wang; Michael T. Dunn; Jason Hilton (2013). "Species of the medullosan ovule Stephanospermum from the Lopingian (late Permian) floras of China". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 76: 59–69. Bibcode:2013JAESc..76...59S. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.07.030.
- ^ Gar W. Rothwell; Gene Mapes; Ruth A. Stockey & Jason Hilton (2013). "Diversity of ancient conifers: the Jurassic seed cone Bancroftiastrobus digitata gen. et sp. nov. (Coniferales)" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (6): 937–946. doi:10.1086/670368. S2CID 85605229.
- ^ Josefina Bodnar; Ignacio Escapa; Néstor Rubén Cúneo; Silvia Gnaedinger (2013). "First record of conifer wood from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early-Middle Jurassic), Chubut Province, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 50 (2): 227–239. doi:10.5710/AMGH.26.04.2013.620. hdl:11336/3391. S2CID 130814427.
- ^ Rudolph Serbet; Benjamin Bomfleur & Gar W. Rothwell (2013). "Cunninghamia taylorii sp. nov., a Structurally Preserved Cupressaceous Conifer from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (3): 471–488. doi:10.1086/668695. S2CID 83890547.
- ^ Lu-jun Liu; Zhao-qi Yao (2013). "The conifer-remains from the Permian of South China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 52 (2): 182–201.
- ^ Ignacio H. Escapa; Néstor R. Cúneo; Gar Rothwell; Ruth A. Stockey (2013). "Pararaucaria delfueyoi sp. nov. from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, Chubut, Argentina: Insights into the Evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (3): 458–470. doi:10.1086/668612. hdl:11336/1531. S2CID 54809961.
- ^ David R. Greenwood; Christopher R. Hill & John G. Conran (2013). "Prumnopitys anglica sp. nov. (Podocarpaceae) from the Eocene of England". Taxon. 62 (3): 565–580. doi:10.12705/623.15.
- ^ Andrew B. Leslie; Ian Glasspool; Patrick S. Herendeen; Niiden Ichinnorov; Patrick Knopf; Masamichi Takahashi; Peter R. Crane (2013). "Pinaceae-like reproductive morphology in Schizolepidopsis canicularis sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Mongolia". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2426–2436. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300173. PMID 24285570.
- ^ Jian He; Shi-Jun Wang; Jason Hilton; Longyi Shao (2013). "Xuanweioxylon scalariforme gen. et sp. nov.: Novel Permian coniferophyte stems with scalariform bordered pitting on secondary xylem tracheids". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 197: 152–165. Bibcode:2013RPaPa.197..152H. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.05.010.
- ^ a b c d e f g Hongshan Wang; Jane Blanchard; David L. Dilcher (2013). "Fruits, seeds, and flowers from the Warman clay pit (middle Eocene Claiborne Group), western Tennessee, USA". Palaeontologia Electronica. 16 (3): Article number 16.3.31A.
- ^ Selena Y. Smith; Stefan A. Little; Ranessa L. Cooper; Robyn J. Burnham; Ruth A. Stockey (2013). "A Ranunculalean Liana Stem from the Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada: Atli morinii gen. et sp. nov". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (5): 818–831. doi:10.1086/669925. S2CID 84787422.
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