Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო, romanized:sakartvelo, IPA:[sakʰartʰʷelo]ⓘ) is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi). It has a population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are indigenous to the region, constitute a majority and a titular nation in Georgia.
Tamar the Great (Georgian: თამარ მეფე, romanized:tamar mepe, lit. 'King Tamar') (c. 1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age. A member of the Bagrationi dynasty, her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title mepe ("king"), afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources.
Tamar was proclaimed heir and co-ruler by her reigning father George III in 1178, but she faced significant opposition from the aristocracy upon her ascension to full ruling powers after George's death. Tamar was successful in neutralizing this opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the decline of the hostile Seljuk Turks. Relying on a powerful military elite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessors to consolidate an empire which dominated the Caucasus until its collapse under the Mongol attacks within two decades after Tamar's death. (Full article...)
Image 21A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
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Nino Ananiashvili (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Red Army in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Wall Painting in Georgia's ancient monastery, Shio-Mghvime (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Kingdom of Diauehi. (from History of Georgia (country))
Queen Tamar and her father King George III, fresco from Vardzia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Prince Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of the Georgian national revival in the 1860s. (from History of Georgia (country))
British troops marching in Batumi, Georgia in 1920. Following World War I, Britain replaced German troops in Georgia (from History of Georgia (country))
The Democratic Republic of Georgia before its conquest by the Soviet Union. (from History of Georgia (country))
Georgian SSR in 1957–1991, including Abkhazian Autonomous SSR, Adjara ASSR, and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. (from History of Georgia (country))
2nd century BC bronze torso from Western Georgia, displayed at the Georgian National Museum (from Culture of Georgia (country))
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline project (from History of Georgia (country))
Mother and Son by Niko Pirosmani (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Chakapuli (from Georgian cuisine)
Kingdom of Lazica (from History of Georgia (country))
Dambalkhacho cheese. (from Georgian cuisine)
The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
Niko Pirosmani on a Georgian lari banknote of the 2002 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Princess Ekaterine resisted Turkish encroachment in Western Georgia. (from History of Georgia (country))
A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Bedia Cup of King Bagrat III of Georgia, 999 AD (from History of Georgia (country))
A Tatar Fruiterer, 1910, Georgian National Museum (from Niko Pirosmani)
King David the Builder, one of Georgia's greatest kings. (from History of Georgia (country))
Ajapsandali (from Georgian cuisine)
Chashushuli with bread and salad (from Georgian cuisine)
Adjarian khachapuri. (from Georgian cuisine)
Lobio (from Georgian cuisine)
Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Details from Pirosmani's paintings Threshing and Fisherman in a Red Shirt on the 5 lari banknote of the 2017 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Spinach pkhali (from Georgian cuisine)
Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Patera depicting Marcus Aurelius uncovered in central Georgia, 2nd century AD (from History of Georgia (country))
Photos of the April 9, 1989 Massacre victims (mostly young women) on billboard in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Churchkhela (from Georgian cuisine)
19th century Georgian noble family: General Solomon Makashvili and family around 1900 (from History of Georgia (country))
Paolo Iashvili, a Georgian poet persecuted by the Soviet authorities (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Eduard Shevardnadze, second President of Georgia (1995–2003) (from History of Georgia (country))
A plate of khinkali (from Georgian cuisine)
King Solomon I (from History of Georgia (country))
Muraba made from walnut (from Georgian cuisine)
Prince Akaki Tsereteli, prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure. (from History of Georgia (country))
Coronation of Demetrius I, a fresco from Matskhvarishi, 1140 (from History of Georgia (country))
Georgia in 1490 after the dissolution of the unified kingdom. (from History of Georgia (country))
George III as depicted on a medieval fresco from Vardzia (from History of Georgia (country))
Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility, an example of metalwork from the early modern period (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Members of the National Council of Georgia, after declaring independence of Georgia, Tbilisi May 26, 1918 (from History of Georgia (country))
King Erekle II (from History of Georgia (country))
Mikheil Saakashvili with George W. Bush. (from History of Georgia (country))
King Mirian III established Christianity in Georgia as the official state religion in 324. (from History of Georgia (country))
Kharcho (from Georgian cuisine)
A page from a 12th-century Gelati Gospel, an example of Georgian illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages (from Culture of Georgia (country))
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