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The following events occurred in October 1931:

October 21, 1931: Streetlights turned off for one minute across the U.S.A. in honor of the late Thomas Edison
October 12, 1931: Christ the Redeemer statue, 93 feet tall, dedicated in Rio de Janeiro [1]
October 24, 1931: George Washington Bridge links New York City and New Jersey [2]

October 1, 1931 (Thursday)

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The Waldorf-Astoria in 2012 [3]
  • The new Waldorf Astoria building opened at 301 Park Avenue in New York City, after the former hotel located at 350 Fifth Avenue had been demolished in 1929 to make way for the Empire State Building. At the time, the building was the largest and tallest hotel in the world.[4]
  • Rioting broke out in Glasgow in Scotland when police stopped a crowd protesting against unemployment from marching on Glasgow Green. MP John McGovern was among those arrested for hitting a policeman.[5][6] A similar event took place in Salford,England where protesters against unemployment, cuts in unemployment benefits and the "means test" clashed with police.
  • Born: Alan Wagner, television executive and opera critic, in Harlem, New York City (d. 2007)

October 2, 1931 (Friday)

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  • Riots continued in Glasgow as a crowd estimated at 50,000 people fought police, with some looting shops and smashing windows.[6]
  • Pope Pius XI promulgated a new encyclical, Nova Impendet, which called for a "Crusade of charity and of succour" to help the unemployed and poor, especially the children who "are bearing the worst of the burden."[7]

October 3, 1931 (Saturday)

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  • Two Albanian officers were sentenced for the February 20 assassination attempt of King Zog. A former lieutenant was sentenced to seven years and a former army captain was sentenced to three years.[8]
  • Born: Denise Scott Brown, Southern African-born American architect, in Nkana, Northern Rhodesia
  • Died: Carl Nielsen, 66, Danish composer

October 4, 1931 (Sunday)

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October 5, 1931 (Monday)

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October 6, 1931 (Tuesday)

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October 7, 1931 (Wednesday)

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  • A mob of unemployed demonstrators in Manchester were repulsed trying to storm Town Hall while the council was in session. The protestors then sat in the street and refused to budge until they were dispersed by police batons and fire hoses. A total of 14 people were injured, including 5 police.[17][18]
  • Born:

October 8, 1931 (Thursday)

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October 9, 1931 (Friday)

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  • Chancellor Brüning announced his new cabinet. The only changes were Curt Joël as Justice Minister, Hermann Warmbold as Minister of Economics and Brüning naming himself the new Foreign Minister.[21]
  • Denmark held a state funeral for Carl Nielsen.[20]

October 10, 1931 (Saturday)

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October 11, 1931 (Sunday)

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October 12, 1931 (Monday)

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October 13, 1931 (Tuesday)

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October 14, 1931 (Wednesday)

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October 15, 1931 (Thursday)

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October 16, 1931 (Friday)

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October 17, 1931 (Saturday)

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October 18, 1931 (Sunday)

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  • Al Capone was convicted of three felony counts of tax evasion and two misdemeanor counts of failing to file a tax return.[14]
  • Two died in another day of rioting between Nazis and Communists in Braunschweig as 75,000 Nazis paraded in the city before Hitler.[35]
  • Died: Thomas Edison, 84, American inventor and businessman

October 19, 1931 (Monday)

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October 20, 1931 (Tuesday)

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October 21, 1931 (Wednesday)

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  • On the day of Thomas Edison's funeral, Americans were asked (at the request of U.S. President Hoover) to turn off the lights in their homes at 10:00 p.m. Eastern time for one minute to mourn his passing.[40] In many cases, city government's turned off the streetlights for a full minute.[41]
  • Died: Arthur Schnitzler, 69, Austrian author and dramatist

October 22, 1931 (Thursday)

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  • The League of Nations drafted a statement ordering Japan to withdraw from Manchuria by November 16.[42]
  • French Prime Minister Pierre Laval arrived in Washington for talks with President Hoover.[43]

October 23, 1931 (Friday)

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October 24, 1931 (Saturday)

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October 25, 1931 (Sunday)

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October 26, 1931 (Monday)

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October 27, 1931 (Tuesday)

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October 28, 1931 (Wednesday)

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October 29, 1931 (Thursday)

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October 30, 1931 (Friday)

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October 31, 1931 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ attribution: Usrotors
  2. ^ attribution: Famartin
  3. ^ attribution: Reading Tom
  4. ^ "Hotel History". Waldorf New York. Archived from the original on November 27, 2013. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  5. ^ "Glasgow Riot". The Advocate. Burnie. October 3, 1931. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b Steele, John (October 3, 1931). "50,000 Riot for Bread in Glasgow". Chicago Daily Tribune: 1.
  7. ^ "Nova Impendet". The Holy See. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  8. ^ "Two Officers Sentenced for Attempt to Kill Zog". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 4, 1931. p. 5.
  9. ^ "Tageseinträge für 4. Oktober 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  10. ^ Roberts, Garyn G. (2003). Dick Tracy and American Culture: Morality and Mythology, Text and Context. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7864-1698-1.
  11. ^ Paur, Jason (October 5, 2010). "Oct. 5, 1931: First Nonstop Trans-Pacific Flight Ends in Cloud of Dust". Wired. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  12. ^ "Oct. 27 Is Set By Britain as Election Date". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 6, 1931. p. 2.
  13. ^ "Huge Fund to Balk Bad Times". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1931. p. 1.
  14. ^ a b Porazzo, Daniel M. "The Al Capone Trial: A Chronology". UMKC School of Law. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  15. ^ "German Cabinet Quits; Bruening to Form New One". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1931. p. 8.
  16. ^ "Zamora Resigns as Spain's Head, then Relents". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1931. p. 8.
  17. ^ "Howling Mob Riots in Manchester; Uses Passive Resistance". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 8, 1931. p. 11.
  18. ^ "Manchester Riot". The Canberra Times. Canberra: 1. October 9, 1931.
  19. ^ Darrah, David (October 9, 1931). "40,000 Fascist Youths Repeat 'March on Rome'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
  20. ^ a b c d "1931". Music And History. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  21. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (October 10, 1931). "Bruening Picks an Iron Fisted German Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  22. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (October 11, 1931). "German Fascist Leader Warned to Toe the Mark". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  23. ^ Domarus, Max (1990). The Complete Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 563.
  24. ^ "Tageseinträge für 10. Oktober 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  25. ^ Plotkin, Abraham (2009). An American in Hitler's Berlin: Abraham Plotkin's Diary, 1932–33. University of Illinois Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-252-07559-9.
  26. ^ a b Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  27. ^ McCann Jr., Frank D. (1973). The Brazilian-American Alliance, 1937–1945. Princeton University Press. p. 18.
  28. ^ a b "L'Allemagne en 1931". Krononations. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  29. ^ Morley, Sheridan (2005). Noël Coward. London: Haus Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-904341-88-8.
  30. ^ "3d 'Governor of Louisiana' Takes the Oath". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 15, 1931. p. 1.
  31. ^ Suskin, Steven (2009). The Sound of Broadway Music: A Book of Orchestrators and Orchestrations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-979084-5.
  32. ^ "Reichstag Vote Backs Cabinet of Bruening". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 16, 1931. p. 1.
  33. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (October 17, 1931). "Bruening to Rule as a Dictator; Wins Confidence". Chicago Daily Tribune: 6.
  34. ^ Tom Phillips (1 April 2011). "José Alencar obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  35. ^ Görtemaker, Heike B. (2012). Eva Braun: Life With Hitler. Vintage Books. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-307-74260-5.
  36. ^ "Trunks Reveal Slain Women". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 20, 1931. p. 1.
  37. ^ Homberger, Eric (14 December 2020). "John le Carré obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  38. ^ "History". Chatham House. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  39. ^ "Frisch Named Most Valuable Player in League". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 21, 1931. p. 21.
  40. ^ "Honor Edison; One Minute Dark Tonight". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 21, 1931. p. 1.
  41. ^ "City Goes Dark Minute Tonight Honoring Edison", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 21, 1931, p. 1
  42. ^ Swenson, Egbert (October 23, 1931). "League Orders Japan to Vacate China by Nov. 16". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  43. ^ Henning, Arthur Sears (October 23, 1931). "Laval is Given Warm Welcome at White House". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  44. ^ Swenson, Egbert (October 24, 1931). "Japanese Defy League; Refuse to Quit China". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  45. ^ "Seize Mrs. Judd, Wounded". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 24, 1931. p. 1.
  46. ^ Rockland, Michael Aaron (2008). The George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel. Rutgers University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8135-4375-8.
  47. ^ "50 Lose Lives as Russian Sub Sinks in Crash". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 25, 1931. p. 4.
  48. ^ "Russian Submarine". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: 9. October 27, 1931.
  49. ^ Nowinski, M. (October 27, 1931). "Poland Tries 11 Political Chiefs in Revolt Plot". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 18.
  50. ^ Thorpe, Andrew (1994). The Longman Companion to Britain in the Era of the Two World Wars 1914–45. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-317-89747-7.
  51. ^ "M'Donald Elected as National Party Captures 541 Seats". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 28, 1931. p. 1.
  52. ^ Linehan, Thomas (2000). British Fascism, 1918–39: Parties, Ideology and Culture. Manchester University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7190-5024-4.
  53. ^ "Soviets Decree Price Cuts in Private Stores". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 29, 1931. p. 4.
  54. ^ "Grove Most Valuable in American Loop". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 29, 1931. p. 21.
  55. ^ "15 Nations Agree to Arms Truce Powers Sign Up". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 1, 1931. p. 14.
  56. ^ Weiss, H. Eugene (2003). Chrysler, Ford, Durant and Sloan: Founding Giants of the American Automotive Industry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7864-1611-0.