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The following events occurred in May 1931:

May 1, 1931: The 102-story tall Empire State Building, tallest in the world, opens in New York City
May 19, 1931: German luxury ocean liner Deutschland accidentally launched early from Kiel

Friday, May 1, 1931

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Saturday, May 2, 1931

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  • A mock air raid was conducted over Toulon, France. Although the military maneuvers were called off after two hours due to bad weather, it sufficiently demonstrated to military experts that the important naval base would have been reduced to ruins by a fleet of 150 bombers had the attack been real.[3]
  • Died: George Fisher Baker, 91, American banker and philanthropist

Sunday, May 3, 1931

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Monday, May 4, 1931

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Tuesday, May 5, 1931

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  • The Battle of Evarts took place in the U.S. in Harlan County, Kentucky, as two county sheriff's office deputies, one miner and another man were killed in a gun battle between striking miners and strikebreakers. The battle was one of a series of violent coal mining-related incidents in the region known as the Harlan County War.[8][9][10]

Wednesday, May 6, 1931

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Thursday, May 7, 1931

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Friday, May 8, 1931

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Saturday, May 9, 1931

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Michelson

Sunday, May 10, 1931

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Monday, May 11, 1931

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  • The Creditanstalt Bank in Vienna failed,[19] leading to a national currency crisis as investors began pulling their funds from Austrian banks and moving them to other countries.[20][21]
  • Four Roman Catholic convents were burned during the night by anticlerical rioters in Madrid.[22]
  • The Fritz Lang-directed film M premiered in Berlin.[23]

Tuesday, May 12, 1931

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  • The Civil Guard was called into Madrid to stop the burning of convents.[24]

Wednesday, May 13, 1931

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Thursday, May 14, 1931

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Toscanini

Friday, May 15, 1931

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Saturday, May 16, 1931

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Sunday, May 17, 1931

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Monday, May 18, 1931

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Tuesday, May 19, 1931

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Wednesday, May 20, 1931

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Thursday, May 21, 1931

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Friday, May 22, 1931

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  • The Spanish provisional government granted equal freedom to all religions.[36]

Saturday, May 23, 1931

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Sunday, May 24, 1931

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Monday, May 25, 1931

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Tuesday, May 26, 1931

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Wednesday, May 27, 1931

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  • In Augsburg, Germany, Professor Auguste Piccard and physicist Paul Kipfer took off in an airtight ball attached to a hydrogen balloon in an attempt to be the first persons to reach the Earth's stratosphere. They attained an altitude of 15,606 m (51,200 ft) and then landed in the Austrian Alps after more than eighteen hours in the air.[43][44][45]
  • Between 2,000 and 3,000 Japanese railway workers went on strike in protest against proposed salary reductions.[46]

Thursday, May 28, 1931

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Friday, May 29, 1931

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  • Texas Guinan and her ensemble of entertainers were refused entry into France for failing to get a work permit before departing New York. "Hell! What have I done to be treated like this?" Guinan fumed. "I entertained at the front during the war on a permit signed by President Wilson. Why ain't I good enough to come here and sing now?"[48]
  • Died: Michele Schirru, 31, Italian-born American anarchist, was executed by a firing squad after being convicted of plotting to assassinate Benito Mussolini. [49]

Saturday, May 30, 1931

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Sunday, May 31, 1931

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References

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  1. ^ "Empire State, World's Highest Building, Opens". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 1, 1931. p. 1.
  2. ^ Aliperti, Cliff (August 14, 2012). "Smart Money (1931) Starring Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney". Immortal Ephemera. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  3. ^ Taylor, Edmond (May 3, 1931). "City of Toulon in 'Ruins' After Great 'Air Raid'". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 27.
  4. ^ a b Davidson, Eugene (1997). The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism. University of Missouri Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-8262-1117-0.
  5. ^ "Tageseinträge für 3. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  7. ^ "Tageseinträge für 4. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  8. ^ "Remembering Bloody Harlan". Parallel Narratives. 13 March 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  9. ^ "Special Deputy Sheriff Jim Daniels, Harlan County Sheriff's Office, Kentucky". The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  10. ^ "Special Deputy Sheriff Arthur Lee, Harlan County Sheriff's Office, Kentucky". The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Tageseinträge für 6. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  12. ^ "Flags, Cheers Greet Troops at Mine Town". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 8, 1931. p. 10.
  13. ^ Hett, Benjamin Carter (2007). "Hans Litten and the Politics of Criminal Law in the Weimar Republic". In Dubber, Markus Dirk; Farmer, Lindsay (eds.). Modern Histories of Crime and Punishment. Stanford University Press.
  14. ^ Allen, Jay (May 9, 1931). "Spain Decrees Free Education for Children". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  15. ^ "Mate Wins Preakness; Twenty Grand 2D". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 10, 1931. p. Part 2, p. 1.
  16. ^ "Building Exposition Opened in Germany; U. S. is Represented". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 10, 1931. p. 6.
  17. ^ Allen, Jay (May 11, 1931). "Madrid Swept by Riots; Use Guns and Clubs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  18. ^ a b "L'Allemagne en 1931". Krononations. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  19. ^ Kindleberger, Charles P. (1995). The World Economy and National Finance in Historical Perspective. University of Michigan Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-472-10642-4.
  20. ^ Schubert, Aurel (1991). The Credit-Anstalt Crisis of 1931. Cambridge University Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0-521-36537-6.
  21. ^ Paxton, Robert; Hessler, Julie (2012). Europe in the Twentieth Century, Fifth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-133-17112-6.
  22. ^ Allen, Jay (May 12, 1931). "Madrid Mobs Fire Churches; Nuns in Flight". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  23. ^ "Tageseinträge für 11. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  24. ^ a b c "1931". Music And History. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  25. ^ "French President". The Barrier Miner. Broken Hill. May 14, 1931. p. 1.
  26. ^ Gilliland, Norman (2002). Grace Notes for a Year: Stories of Hope, Humor & Hubris from the World of Classical Music. NEMO Productions. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-9715093-0-6.
  27. ^ Shirer, William (May 16, 1931). "Gandhi Agrees to Attend New Parley on India". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  28. ^ Woodruff, Harvey (May 17, 1931). "20-Grand Wins Record Derby". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  29. ^ Einstein, Albert (1931). "Blackboard Used by Albert Einstein, Oxford, May 16, 1931". MHS Collection Database Search. Oxford: Museum of the History of Science. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  30. ^ "Tageseinträge für 17. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  31. ^ "Supreme Court Rules Red Flag is Not Sedition". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 19, 1931. p. 8.
  32. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (May 20, 1931). "German Warship Slides into Sea Ahead of Time". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
  33. ^ "World's Jobless Total 20,000,000; Doubles in Year". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 21, 1931. p. 4.
  34. ^ "Hold Toscanini 'Prisoner'; Italy Seizes Passport". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 22, 1931. p. 1.
  35. ^ "The Witch's Tale". Radio Nouspace. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  36. ^ Allen, Jay (May 23, 1931). "Spain Decrees Freedom to All Religious Creeds". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  37. ^ Darrah, David (May 24, 1931). "Pope Assails Business World as Hard, Cruel". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  38. ^ "Tageseinträge für 23. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  39. ^ Stover, John F. (1987). History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Purdue Research Station. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-55753-066-0.
  40. ^ "British Vets Vote to Name Nov. 11 Remembrance Day". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 26, 1931. p. 1.
  41. ^ "Tageseinträge für 26. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  42. ^ "Koussevitsky Supports Toscanini, Says Politics and Art Don't Mix, Assails Fascism". San Bernardino County Sun. San Bernardino, California. May 27, 1931. p. 4.
  43. ^ "Pair Takes Off in Balloon on Nine Mile Climb". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 27, 1931. p. 1.
  44. ^ Davis, Jeffrey R.; Johnson, Robert; Stepanek, Jan; Fogarty, Jennifer A. (2008). Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-7817-7466-6.
  45. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (May 29, 1931). "Fly 10 Miles High; Tell Story". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  46. ^ "Japanese Rail Strike Begins; 210,000 Fight Cut in Wages". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 27, 1931. p. 11.
  47. ^ "Tageseinträge für 28. Mai 1931". chroniknet. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  48. ^ Swenson, Egbert (May 30, 1931). "Guinan, Held in French 'Ellis Island,' Rages". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  49. ^ Darrah, David (May 29, 1931). "Italy Executes American; Shot by Firing Squad". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  50. ^ "'Shoots' Niagara's Rapids in Barrel; Rescued by Son, 17". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 31, 1931. p. 1.
  51. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (June 1, 1931). "'Goosestep' for Heir to Fallen German Throne". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.