Wikipedia

Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible/Prospectus

< Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible

Eerdman's Dictionary of the Bible edit

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs or over 1 column to 2 pages

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs under a column, with reference(s)

Summaries edit

1 or 2 paragraphs unreferenced

Multiple summaries edit

  • Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua); Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra); Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah); Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior); Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions); Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther); Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons); Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar); Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul); Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel); Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela); Absalom – Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus); Achbor – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah); Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco); Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau); Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah); Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus); Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth); Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim); Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat); Adonijah – Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Ahab – Ahab (son of Kolaiah); Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit); Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul); Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud); Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David); Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers); Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.); Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar); Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish); Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith); Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad); Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah); Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon); Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua); Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.); Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul); Alexander – Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.); Alexandra – Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael); Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi); Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals); Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai); Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath); Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II); Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom); Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.); Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon); Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon); Amon (person) – Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile); Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani); Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah); Anah – Anah (son of Zibeon); Anah (son of Seir); Anaiah – Anaiah (who stood at Ezra's right hand); Anaiah (chief who sealed the covenant of Nehemiah); Andronicus – Andronicus (deputy under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Andronicus (Commander of garrison at Gerizim); Andronicus (fellow prisoner of Paul); Anna – Anna (wife of Tobit); Anna (widow in Luke); Anna (Mother of Mary); Antigonus – Antigonus (general of Alexander the Great); Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus); Antigonus (Antigonus II of Judea); Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum); Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod); Aphek – Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan); Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners); Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus); Ariel (person) – Ariel (of Ezra's delegation); Ariel (two Moabites killed by Benaiah); Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans); Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans); Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan); Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus); Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon; Asa - Asa (father of Berechiah); Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora); Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile); Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park); Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob); Ashnah – Ashnah (Josh 15:33); Ashnah (Josh 15:43); Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra); Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria); Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph); Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54); Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.); Athaliah – Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah); Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam); Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis); Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin); Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.); Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego); Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.); Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah); Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah); Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri); Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb); Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);
  • Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel); Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern Judah); Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David); Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok); Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners); Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas); Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh); Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite); Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon); Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba); Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher); Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bedan – Bedan (son of Ulam); Bedan (of 1 Samuel); Beer (place to which Jotham fled); Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea); Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz); Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah); Ben-hadad – Ben-hadad I; Ben-hadad II; Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Bilhan); Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam); Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo); Beriah or Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei); Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo); Bethany - Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized); Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher); Bethel - Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah); Bethlehem – Bethlehem (town of Zebulon); Beteh-shemesh - Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On); Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (district of Haran); Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile); Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.); Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile); Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests); Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael); Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel); Bozrah – Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead); Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua); Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah); Buz – Buz (son of Nahor); Buz (father of Jahdo);
  • Cabul – Cabul (town of Asher); Cabul (district in Galilee); Cainan – Cainan (son of Arphaxad); Cainan (alternate name of Kenan); Calcol – Calcol (grandson of Judah); Calcol (son of Mahol); Caleb – Caleb (son of Hezron); Caleb (son of Jephunneh); Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb); Chelub – Chelub (father of Mehir); Chelub (father of Ezri); Chenaanah – Chenaanah (father of Zedekiah); Chenaanah (son of Bilhan); Chenaniah – Chenaniah (chief of Levites at time of David); Chenaniah (Levite of 1 Chr. and Neh.); Chinnereth – Chinnereth (lake in northern Israel); Chinnereth (city near Sea of Chinnereth); Chinnereth (territory around the city and lake); Col-hozeh – Col-hozeh (father of Shallum); Col-hozeh (father of Baruch); Conaniah – Conaniah (Levite of time of Hezekiah); Conaniah (Levite of time of Josiah); Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David); Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);
  • D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]); Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel); Darius - Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede); Debir - Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border); Deborah - Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit); Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah); Demetrius - Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John); Dibon - Dibon (town of the Negeb in Judah); Dishon – Dishon (son of Seir); Dishon (son of Anah); Dodo – Dodo (father of Puah); Dodo (son of Ahohi); Dodo (father of Elhanan); Dumah (place) – Dumah (city of Judah); Dumah (Dumat al-Jandal); Dumah (mentioned in Isaiah);
  • Ebal (person) – Ebal (son of Shobal); Ebal (son of Joktan); Ebed – Ebed (father of Gaal); Ebed (son of Jonathan); Eber – Eber (ancestor of Hebrews); Eber (clan of the tribe of Gad); Eber (son of Elpaal); Eber (son of Shashak); Eber (postexilic priest); Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi); Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem); Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali); Ehud – Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman); Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite); Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah); Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan); Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah); Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph); Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo); Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith); Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat); Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea); Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel); Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael); Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.); Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah); Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah); Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus); Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David); Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.); Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum); Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim); Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach); Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz); Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor); Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge); Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper); En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar); Enoch – Enoch (son of Cain); Ephah (person) – Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai); Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24); Ephrath (place) – Ephrath (city near where Rachel died); Ephrath (place where Rachel was buried); Ephron (place) – Ephron (district on the northern border of Judah); Ephron (town taken by King Abijah of Jordan); Ephron (large town of 1 Macc.); Er – Er (son of Judah); Er (son of Shelah); Er (father of Elmadam); Eshtemoa (person) – Eshtemoa (son of Ishbah); Eshtemoa (descendant of Hodiah); Etam – Etam (place where Samson lodged); Etam (town occupied by the descendants of Simeon); Etam (town in the hill country of Judah); Ethan – Ethan (one of the sons of Mahol); Ethan (descendant of Zerah); Ethan (son of Zimmah); Ethan (son of Kishi); Ether – Ether (town of the tribal allotment of Judah); Ether (town occupied by the tribe of Simeon within the tribal allotment of Judah); Ezbon – Ezbon (son of Gad); Ezbon (son of Bela); Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.); Ezra – Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
  • Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit); Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer); Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John); Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John); Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun); Gamaliel – Gamaliel (son of Pedahur); Gamaliel (Gamaliel II); Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites); Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran); Gebal - Gebal (now Gibal territory); Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah); Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite); Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea); Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan); Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud); Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas); Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim); Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon); Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis); Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan); Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.); Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16); Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim); Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim); Goshen – Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah); Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);
  • Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon); Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.); Hanani - Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.); Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach); Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla); Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben); Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph); Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei); Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra); Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown); Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.); Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra); Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles); Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah); Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls); Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest); Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan); Hazor – Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms); Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal); Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah); Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile); Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.); Heleph; Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim); Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek); Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel); Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men); Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem); Hezekiah – Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah); Hezir – Hezir (leader of 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez); Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome); Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne); Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon); Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile); Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra); Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab); Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel); Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory); Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah); Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea); Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama); Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah); Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela); Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub); Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias);
  • Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra); Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah); Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore); Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur); Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions); Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah); Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah); Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul); Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem); Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah); Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs); Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah); Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai); Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);
  • Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner); Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur); Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.); Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali); Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David); Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan); Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah); Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah); Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai); Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David); Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David); Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife); Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar); Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag); Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra); Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21); Jeconiah or Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah); Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah); Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah); Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.); Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah); Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys); Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam); Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah); Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.); Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah); Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah); Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.); Jehoram – Jehoram (priest of Judah); Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi); Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.); Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag); Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo); Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah); Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether); Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim); Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah); Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani); Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.); Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah); Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu); Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea); Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel); Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus); Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.); Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam); Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam); Jezeniah – Jezeniah (captain of Judah's army in Jer.); Jezeniah (son of Hoshaiah); Jezreel (person) – Jezreel (Judahite descent group); Jezreel (son of Hosea); Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar); Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz); Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil); Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal); Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel); Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri); Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.); John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation); Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius); Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.); Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory); Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab); Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.); Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer); Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger); Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger); Joshua – Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus); Josiah – Josiah (son of Zephaniah); Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (son of Jahdai); Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.); Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus); Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas); Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith); Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);
  • Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali); Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah); Kenaz or Kenizzite – Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah); Kir – Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia); Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali); Kish (person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai); Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab); Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah); Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);
  • L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B); Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon); Levi – Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat); Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.); Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari); Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
  • Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum); Maaziah – Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Machir – Machir (son of Ammiel); Mahalalel or Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez); Mahalath or Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam); Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.); Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth); Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi); Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.); Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.); Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel); Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith); Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah); Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs); Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah); Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur); Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26); Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib); Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29); Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra); Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah); Meraioth or Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim); Merari – Merari (father of Judith); Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile); Mesha (person) – Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim); Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer); Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.); Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum); Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi); Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah); Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel); Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt); Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.); Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite); Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad); Millo – House of the Millo; Beth-millo; Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.); Miriam – Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.); Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah); Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam); Mithredath or Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem); Mizpah or Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab; Mordecai – Mordecai (returning Israelite); Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley); Moriah – Moriah (land of Moriah); Mt. Moriah; Mortar – Mortar (of pestle); Mortar (plastic building material); Moza – Moza (son of Caleb); Moza (son of Zimri);
  • Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon); Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.); Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar); Nahash – Nahash (sister of Zeruiah); Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah); Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah); Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos); Nathan – Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo); Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John); Neariah – Neariah (son of Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi); Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period); Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk); Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry); Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites); Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David); Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshapahat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.); Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi); Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts); Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.); Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
  • Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet); Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan); Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.); Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.); Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan); Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain); Omri – Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.); Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel); Onias – Onias I; Onias II; Onias III; Onias IV; Onias V; Ophrah (place) – Ophrah (city in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Ophrah (Ophrah of Abiezer); Ozem – Ozem (son of Jesse); Ozem (son of Jerahmeel);
  • Palti or Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish); Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah); Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes); Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.); Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah); Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth); Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak); Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel); Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra); Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon; Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);
  • Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel); Rahab – Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (poetic name for Egypt); Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu); Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead); Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar); Reaiah or Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners); Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah); Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley); Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar; Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner); Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir); Rephaiah or Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur); Reu; Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah); Rezin – Rezin (family in Ezra); Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.); Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);
  • Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom); Sallai – Sallai (Benjaminite returner); Sallai (priestly family at the time of Joiakim); Sallu – Sallu (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in 1 Chr.); Sallu (postexilic priestly family); Salma – Salma (father of Boaz in 1 Chr. 2:11); Salma (son of Hur); Salome – Salome (sister of Herod); Salome (daughter of Herod); Salome (follower of Jesus); Sarah – Sara (daughter of Raguel); Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel); Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah); Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah); Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah); Shabbethai – Shabbethai (of Ezra 10:15); Shabbethai (of Neh. 8:7); Shabbethai (of Neh. 11:16); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah); Shalmaneser – Shalmaneser I; Shalmaneser II; Shalmaneser IV; Shamir (place)* – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod); Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.); Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah); Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai); Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518); Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah); Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad); Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia); Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebuel or Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman); Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.); Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida); Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch); Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph); Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman); Shelemiah (father of Hananiah); Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms); Shelemiah (son of Cushi); Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah); Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal); Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.); Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah); Shelomoth - Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri); Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law); Shemaiah or Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah); Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui); Shemer or Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah); Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola); Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.); Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites); Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (of the “sons of Sheth”); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb); Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth); Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish); Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan); Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David); Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber); Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber); Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad); Simeon – Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon); Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba); Sin (place) – Sin (wilderness area between Elim and Mt. Sinai); Sin (Egyptian border fortress); Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.); Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.); Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley); Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke); Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);
  • Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah); Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur); Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah); Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan); Thutmose – Thutmose I; Thutmose II; Thutmose III; Thutmose IV; Timna – Timna (concubine of Eliphaz); Timna (chief of Edom); Timna (son of Eliphaz); Tiphsah – Tiphsah (city on the western shore of the Euphrates); Tiphsah (site of a brutal slaughter by King Menahem in 2 Kgs.); Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem); Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period); Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver); Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
  • Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek); Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite); Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra); Uriah – Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law); Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel); Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai); Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan); Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants); Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari); Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Uzziah – Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia); Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);
  • Zabad or Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo); Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph); Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas); Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan); Zadok – Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim); Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14); Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer); Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites); Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist); Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch); Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim); Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah); Zerah or Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.); Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab); Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley); Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir); Zichri or Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim); Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants); Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag); Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza); Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel); Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb); Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam); Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah); Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);

Redirects edit

Subarticles edit

A edit

  • Aaron – High Priest (Exodus-Numbers and Chronicles)*; Elsewhere in the Old Testament*; Negative and Nonpriestly Portrayals*; New T[stament*; Character: A Summary*;
  • Abda – Abda (father of Adoniram); Abda (son of Shammua);
  • Abdi – Abdi (grandfather of Ethan); Abdi (father of the Levite Kish); Abdi (divorcing Israelite of the time of Ezra);
  • Abdon (person) – Abdon (son of Hillel); Abdon (son of Shashak); Abdon (son of Jeiel); Abdon (son of Micah);
  • Abiel – Abiel (father of Kish); Abiel (Arbathite warrior);
  • Abiezer – Abiezer (descendant of Manasseh); Abiezer (of David's Champions);
  • Abigail – Abigail (wife of Nabal); Abigail (sister of David);
  • Abihail – Abihail (father of Zuriel); Abihail (wife of Abishur); Abihail (man of the tribe of Gad); Abihail (daughter of Eliab); Abihail (father of Esther);
  • Abijah – Abijah (son of Samuel); Abijah (son of Jeroboam I); Abijah (King of Judah); Abijah (head of the eighth division of priests); Abijah (wife of Hezron); Abijah (son of Becher); Abijah (priest who signed the covenant of Nehemiah); Abijah (head of a priestly group); Abijah (name on ostracons);
  • Abimelech – Abimelech (king of Gerar); Abimelech (son of Gideon); Abimelech (Ruler David escaped); Abimelech (son of Abiathar);
  • Abinadab – Abinadab (father of Eleazer); Abinadab (son of Jesse); Abinadab (son of Saul);
  • Abiram – Abiram (son of Eliab); Abiram (son of Hiel);
  • Abishua – Abishua (son of Phinehas); Abishua (son of Bela);
  • Absalom – Absalom (son of David); Absalom (messenger of Judas Maccabeus);
  • [[[Achbor]] – Achbor (father of Baal-hanan); Achbor (son of Micaiah);
  • Achzib – Achzib (town in the Shephelah); Achzib (city 9 miles north of Acco);
  • Adad-nirari – Adad-nirari I; Adad-nirari II; Adad-nirari III;
  • Adah – Adah (wife of Lamech); Adah (wife of Esau);
  • Adaiah – Adaiah (man from Boskath); Adaiah (Levite of the family of Gershom); Adaiah (son of Jeroham); Adaiah (descendants of Bani and Binnui); Adaiah (son of Joiarib); Adaiah (father of Maaseiah);
  • Addi – Addi (leader of returning clan of Israelites); Addi (ancestor of Jesus);
  • Adiel – Adiel (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Adiel (son of Jahzerah); Adiel (father of Azmaveth);
  • Adna – Adna (son of Pahath-moah); Adna (priest of the family of Harim);
  • Adnah – Adnah ("chief of thousands"); Adnah (officer under Jehoshaphat);
  • Adonijah – Adonijah (son of David); Adonijah (Levite of 2 Chr.); Adonijah (signer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
  • Adoption – Adoption Formulas*; Adoption and adoption imagery**;
  • Afterlife or Afterdeath – Abode of the Dead*; Inhabitants of the Netherworld**; Transformations in Late Israelite Traditions**; Summary**; Conclusion*;
  • Ahab – Ahab (king of Israel); Ahab (son of Kolaiah);
    • Ahab (king of Israel) - Biblical Account**; Historical Account*; Rabbinical Sources*;
  • Ahasuerus – Ahasuerus (possible Biblical name of Xerxes I); Ahasuerus (Ahasuerus the Mede); Ahasuerus (a destroyer of Ninezeh in Tobit);
  • Ahaz – Ahaz (King of Judah); Ahaz (descendant of Saul);
  • Ahaziah – Ahaziah (King of Judah); Ahaziah (son of Ahab);
  • Ahiezer – Ahiezer (son of Ammishaddai); Ahiezer (kinsman of Saul);
  • Ahihud – Ahihud (son of Shelomi); Ahihud (descendant of Ehud);
  • Ahijah – Ahijah (son of Ahitub); Ahijah (prophet from Shiloh); Ahijah (son of Shisha); Ahijah (father of Baasha); Ahijah (son of Jerahmeel); Ahijah (son of Ehud); Ahijah (Pelonite); Ahijah (Levite under David);
  • Ahimaaz – Ahimaaz (father of Ahinoam); Ahimaaz (son of Zadok); Ahimaaz (one of Solomon's commissary officers);
  • Ahiman – Ahiman (descendant of Anak); Ahiman (Levite of 1 Chr.);
  • Ahimelech – Ahimelech (son of Ahitub); Ahimelech (friend of David); Ahimelech (son of Abiathar);
  • Ahinoam – Ahinoam (daugher of Ahimaaz); Ahinoam (wife of David);
  • Ahio – Ahio (son of Abinadab); Ahio (son of Beriah); Ahio (brother of Kish);
  • Ahitub – Ahitub (son of Phinehas); Ahitub (son of Amariah); Ahitub (son of another Amariah); Ahitub (ancestor of Judith);
  • Ahlai – Ahlai (daughter of Sheshan); Ahlai (father of Zabad);
  • Aiah – Aiah (son of Zibeon); Aiah (father of Rizpah);
  • Aijalon – Aijalon (levitical city); Aijalon (burial place of Elon);
  • Ain – Ain (town in Numbers); Ain (city in Judah); Ain (city given to the descendants of Joshua);
  • Akkub – Akkub (son of Elioenai); Akkub (head of levitical family of gatekeepers); Akkub (chief of a family of temple servants); Akkub (Levite in Neh.);
  • Alemeth (person) – Alemeth (son of Becher); Alemeth (descendant of Saul);
  • Alexander – Alexander III of Macedon**; Alexander Balas of Smyrna*; Alexander Janneus*; Alexander (son of Simon of Cyrene); Alexander (priest who questioned Peter and John after their arrest); Alexander (Jew of Ephesus); Alexander (of 1 Tim.); Alexander (coppersmith of 2 Tim.);
  • Alexandra – Alexandra Salome*; Alexandra (daughter of Hyrcanus II)*; Alexandra (daughter of Aristobulus); Alexandra (daughter of Phasael);
  • Alphaeus – Alphaeus (father of James); Alphaeus (father of Levi);
  • Altar – Biblical Evidence**; Archaeological Evidence**;
  • Amariah – Amariah (son of Hebron); Amariah (priest descended from Eleazar); Amariah (son of Azariah); Amariah (high priest at the time of Jehoshaphat); Amariah (levitical priest of time of Hezekiah of Judah); Amariah (son of Hezekiah); Amariah (priest and son of Azariah); Amariah (man of the family of Azzur); Amariah ("son of Amariah" in Neh.); Amariah (name on seals);
  • Amasa – Amasa (kinsman of David); Amasa (son of Hadlai);
  • Amasai – Amasai (son of Elkanah); Amasai (Chief of David' Thirty); Amasai (priest of 1 Chr.); Amasai (father of Mahath);
  • Amaziah – Amaziah (father of Joshah); Amaziah (Levite of the family of Merair); Amaziah (priest of era of Jeroboam II); Amaziah (King of Judah)**;
  • Ammiel – Ammiel (son of Gemalli); Ammiel (father of Machir); Ammiel (father of Bathsheba); Ammiel (son of Obed-edom);
  • Ammihud – Ammihud (father of Elishama); Ammihud (father of Shemuel); Ammihud (father of Pedahel); Ammihud (father of King Talmai); Ammihud (returning exile of 1 Chr.);
  • Aminadab – Aminadab (son of Ram); Aminadab (son of Kohath); Aminadab (chief of levitical family of Uzziel); Aminadab (father of Esther); Aminadab (King of Beth-ammon);
  • Amnon – Amnon (son of David); Amnon (son of Shimon);
  • Amon (person) – Amon (King, son of Manasseh)*; Amon (official of Samaria); Amon (returner from exile);
  • Amos, Book of or Book of Amos – Amos the Prophet*; Historical Setting*; Contents**; Composition*;
  • Amram – Amram (grandson of Levi); Amram (son of Bani);
  • Amzi – Amzi (son of Bani); Amzi (son of Zechariah);
  • Anah – Anah (son of Zibeon); Anah (son of Seir);
  • Anaiah – Anaiah (who stood at Ezra's right hand); Anaiah (chief who sealed the covenant of Nehemiah);
  • Ananias – Ananias (husband of Sapphira); Ananias (who healed Paul's blindness); Ananias (21st Jewish high priest);
  • Andronicus – Andronicus (deputy under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Andronicus (Commander of garrison at Gerizim); Andronicus (fellow prisoner of Paul);
  • Animals – Mammals**; Amphibians*; Reptiles**;
  • Anna – Anna (wife of Tobit); Anna (widow in Luke); Anna (Mother of Mary);
  • Antigonus – Antigonus (general of Alexander the Great); Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus); Antigonus (Antigonus II of Judea);
  • Antioch – Antioch (city in Galatia)*; Antioch (Antioch of Syria)**;
  • Antiochus – Antiochus (Antiochus III); Antiochus (Antiochus IV Epiphanius)**; Antiochus (Antiochus V); Antiochus (Antiochus VI); Antiochus (Antiochus VII);
  • Antipas – Antipas (Herod Antipas); Antipas (martyr of Pergamum);
  • Antipater – Antipater (son of Jason); Antipater (Idumean noble); Antipater (son of Herod);
  • Aphek – Aphek (Ras el-'Ayin)**; Aphek (Afqā); Aphek (town of the tribe of Asher); Aphek (town in the Golan);
  • Apollonius – Apollonius (son of Tharseas); Apollonius (son of Menetheus); Apollonius (general under Antiochus IV Epiphanius); Apollonius (son of Gennaeus); Apollonius (governor of Coele-Syria);
  • Aquila – Aquila (husband of Priscilla); Aquila (2nd century translator);
  • Arah – Arah (son of Ulla); Arad (ancestor of returners);
  • Aram (person) – Aram (son of Shem); Aram (son of Kemuel); Aram (son of Shemer); Aram (ancestor of Jesus);
  • Aram (place) – Paddam-aram*; Aram-naharaim*; Aram-zobah*; Aram-Damascus*; Aram-maacah and Geshur*;
  • Aramaic – Old Aramaic*; Official Aramaic*; Middle Aramaic*; Late Aramaic*; Modern Aramaic*;
  • Archaeology and the Bible – Geographic Setting*; Biblical Archaeology**; Foundations: Politics, Prestige, and Power**; Beginning of Scientific Exploration*; Early National Agendas**; Honing Excavation Materials*; The Rise of Biblical City Excavations*; A Permanent American Presence*; Lawrence and Musil*; Orientalist Tradition Par Excellence**; Rise of "Biblical Archaeology"**; Towards a Secular Archaeology*; Emergence of Israeli Archaeology**; Revisionist Scholarship*; Recent Developments**;
  • Architecture – Materials and Construction**; General Survey***;
    • Architecture – General Survey – Fortifications**; Domestic Buildings*; Cultic Buildings**; Administrative Buildings**; Later Developments*;
  • Aretas – Aretas I*; Aretas II*; Aretas III*; Aretas IV*;
  • Ariel (person) – Ariel (of Ezra's delegation); Ariel (two Moabites killed by Benaiah);
  • Arioch – Arioch (king of Ellasar); Arioch (captain of Nebuchadnezzar's bodyguards); Arioch (King of the Chaldeans);
  • Aristobulus – Aristobulus I; Aristobulus II; Aristobulus (mentioned in Romans);
  • Army – Semi-nomadic Origins*; Peasant's Militia*; Professional Heavy Infantry**; Classic Ancient Near Eastern Chariot Army*;
  • Aroer – Aroer (Aroer on the Arnon); Aroer (town in Gilead); Aroer (town near Damascus); Aroer (settlement west of Jordan);
  • Arphaxad – Arphaxad (king of the Medes); Arphaxad (ancestor of Jesus);
  • Artaxerxes – Artaxerxes I Longimanus; Artaxerxes II Mnemon;
  • Asa – Asa (grandson of Rehoboam)**; Asa (father of Berechiah);
  • Asahel – Asahel (son of Zeruiah); Asahel (Levite sent into Judah in 2 Chr.); Asahel (Levite who collected tithes); Asahel (father of Jonathan); Asahel (son of Ezora);
  • Asaiah – Asaiah (servant sent to Huldah); Asaiah (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Asaiah (head of a Merarite levitical family); Asaiah (firstborn of the Shilonites returning from exile);
  • Asaph – Asaph (father of Joah); Asaph (son of Berechiah the Levite)*; Asaph ("sons of Asaph"); Asaph (Keeper of Artaxerxes' park);
  • Ascension – Extrabiblical Literature**; Jesus**; Other Ascensions in the New Testament*;
  • Asher – Asher (Akkadian god); Asher (son of Jacob); Asher (tribal territory in Galilee)**;
  • Ashnah – Ashnah (Josh 15:33); Ashnah (Josh 15:43);
  • Asiel – Asiel (father of Seraiah); Asiel (ancestor of Tobit); Asiel (scribe of Ezra);
  • Asshur (place) – Asshur (Assur of Assyria); Asshur (alternate name for Assyria);
  • Assir – Assir (son of Korah); Assir (son of Ebiasaph);
  • Ataroth – Ataroth (town in Transjordan); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:2); Ataroth (town in Josh 16:7); Ataroth (place in 1 Chr 2:54);
  • Ater – Ater (ancestor of returning family); Ater (Levite leader of a family of gatekeepers); Ater (Israelite covenant sealer in Neh.);
  • Athaliah – Athaliah (Queen of Judah)**; Athaliah (son of Jeroham); Athaliah (father of Jeshaiah);
  • Attai – Attai (son of Jarha); Attai (Gadite warrior at Ziklag); Attai (son of Rehoboam);
  • Aven – Aven (abbreviation of Beth-aven); Aven (derisive epithet for an Armenean valley); Aven (city possibly Heliopolis);
  • Avvim – Avvim (inhabitants of the Philistine Plain); Avvim (city of the tribe of Benjamin);
  • Azarel – Azarel (Korahite at Ziklag); Azarel (levitical singer of time of David); Azarel (son of Jeroham); Azarel (descendant of Binnui); Azarel (son of Ahzai); Azarel (priest of Neh.);
  • Azariah – Azariah (son of Zadok); Azariah (son of Nathan); Azariah (given name of King Uzziah); Azariah (great-grandson of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Judah); Azariah (descendant of Aaron); Azariah (priest in Solomon's temple); Azariah (father of Hilkiah); Azariah (of the Kohathite division of Levites); Azariah (priest of 1 Chr.); Azariah (son of Oded); Azariah (two sons of Jehoshaphat); Azariah (son of Jeroham and son of Oded, military officers); Azariah (priest of 2 Chr.); Azariah (murdered Ephraimite); Azariah (two men, father of Joel and son of Jehallel, who helped clean the temple); Azariah (chief priest under Hezekiah); Azariah (grandfather of Ezra); Azariah (father of Amariah); Azariah (wall repairer of Neh.); Azariah (one of the leaders of the exile returners); Azariah (interpreter of Ezra); Azariah (emigrant to Egypt in Jer.); Azariah (Hebrew name of Abednego);
  • Azaziah – Azaziah (Levite who played the lyre); Azaziah (father of Hoshea); Azaziah (overseer of the temple in 2 Chr.);
  • Azvameth (person) – Azvameth (one of David's Champions); Azvameth (Benjaminite of Ziklag); Azvameth (treasurer at the palace of David); Azvameth (son of Jehoaddah);
  • Azriel – Azriel (of the tribe of Manasseh); Azriel (father of Jerimoth); Azriel (father of Seraiah);
  • Azrikam – Azrikam (son of Neariah); Azrikam (son of Azel); Azrikam (son of Hashabiah); Azrikam (murdered by Zichri);
  • Azubah – Azubah (daughter of Shilhi); Azubah (wife of Caleb);
  • Azzur – Azzur (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Azzur (father of Hananiah); Azzur (father of Jaazaniah);

B edit

  • Baal (person) – Baal (descendant of Joel); Baal (son of Jeiel);
  • Baalah – Baalah (Kiriath-jearaim); Baalah (mountain on the border of Judah); Baalah (city of southern[[ Judah);
  • Baal-hanan – Baal-hanan (son of Achbor); Baal-hanan (Overseer of olives under David);
  • Baana – Baana (son of Ahilud); Baana (son of Hushai); Baana (father of Zadok);
  • Baanah – Baanah (son of Rimmon); Baanah (father of Heleb); Baanah (leader of exile returners);
  • Babylonia – Geography*; Prehistoric Settlements*; Third Millennium: Beginning of History**; Age of Hammurabi; Coming of the Indo-Europeans**; First Millennium**;
  • Bani – Bani (Gadite member of David's Thirty); Bani (Levite of the line of Ethan of the time of David); Bani (son of Perez); Bani (family of 642 returners); Bani (father of Rehum); Bani (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
  • Barsabbas – Barsabbas (surname of Joseph); Barsabbas (surname of Judas);
  • Baruch – Baruch (son of Zabbai); Baruch (ratifier of the covenant of Nehemiah); Baruch (son of Colhozeh); Baruch (companion of Jeremiah)**;
  • Barzillai – Barzillai (Gileadite of Rogelim); Barzillai (father of Adriel); Barzillai (husband of the daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite);
  • Basemath – Basemath (wife of Esau); Basemath (daughter of Solomon);
  • Bath-shua – Bath-shua (wife of Judah); Bath-shua (alternate form of Bathsheba);
  • Bealoth – Bealoth (city of Judah); Bealoth (place in Asher);
  • Bebai – Bebai (ancestor of returners); Bebai (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah);
  • Bedan – Bedan (son of Ulam); Bedan (of 1 Samuel);
  • Beer – Beer (well in Transjordan)*; Beer (place to which Jotham fled);
  • Beeri – Beeri (father of Judith); Beeri (father of Hosea);
  • Bela (person) – Bela (son of Boer); Bela (son of Benjamin); Bela (son of Azaz);
  • Benaiah – Benaiah (son of Jehoiada); Benaiah (one of David's Thirty); Benaiah (Simeonite chief in 1 Chr.); Benaiah (Levite musician of David); Benaiah (trumpet blower of the ark of David); Benaiah (priest of 2 Chr.); Benaiah (four divorcing Israelites of the time of Ezra); Benaiah (father of Pelatiah);
  • Ben-hadad – Ben-hadad I; Ben-hadad II; Ben-hadad III**;
  • Benjamin – Benjamin (son of Jacob)**; Benjamin (son of Bilhan);
  • Beor – Beor (father of Bela); Beor (father of Balaam);
  • Berechiah – Berechiah (son of Zerubbabel); Berechiah (father of Asaph); Berechiah (son of Asa); Berechiah (gatekeeper of the ark under David); Berechiah (son of Meshillemoth); Berechiah (son of Meshezabel); Berechiah (son of Iddo);
  • Beriah or Beriites – Beriah or Beriites (son of Asher); Beriah or Beriites (son of Ephraim); Beriah or Beriites (son of Elpaal); Beriah or Beriites (son of Shimei);
  • Beroea – Beroea (Macedonian city); Beroea (Hellenistic name of Aleppo);
  • Bethany – Bethany (home of Lazarus)**; Bethany (“Bethany beyond the Jordan” where John the Baptist baptized);
  • Beth-dagon – Beth-dagon (town of Judah); Beth-dagon (town of Asher);
  • Bethel (place) – Bethel (city 12 miles north of Jerusalem)**; Bethel (town in the Negeb of Judah);
  • Bethlehem – Bethlehem (Bethlehem of Judah)**; Bethlehem (town of Zebulon);
  • Beth-shemesh – Beth-shemesh (city of Dan)**; Beth-shemesh (village South of the Sea of Galilee); Beth-shemesh (settlement of Naphtali); Beth-shemesh (alternate name for Egyptian On);
  • Beyond the river – Beyond the river (area east of the Euphrates); Beyond the river (area west of the Euphrates)*; Beyond the river (district of Haran);
  • Bezalel – Bezalel (Judahite descendant of Caleb); Bezalel (returner from exile);
  • Bezek – Bezek (town of Judges); Bezek (town of 1 Sam.);
  • Bible – Jewish Scripture**; Christian Bible**;
  • Bible Translations – Advances in Biblical scholarship**; Linguistic change**; Confessional translations**; Specific audiences*; Individual translations*; Translation theory*;
    • Bible Translations – Advances in Biblical scholarship – Textual*; Lexicographical*; Literary*;
  • Bigvai – Bigvai (returner from Exile); Bigvai (family group returning from exile);
  • Bilgah – Bilgah (head of priestly family at time of David); Bilgah (leader of family of returning priests);
  • Bilhan – Bilhan (son of Ezer); Bilhan (son of Jediael);
  • Binnui – Binnui (son of Pahath-moab); Binnui (father of 13 divorcers); Binnui (ancestor of family of returners); Binnui (Levite contemporary of Zerubbabel);
  • Birds – Identification*; Domesticated birds*; Birds for offerings*; Birds of abomination*;
  • Boaz – Boaz (protector of Ruth)*; Boaz (pillar of Solomon's temple);
  • Book of the Twelve – Ancient Evidence*; History of the Collection*; Literary Unity**;
  • Bozrah – Bozrah (capital of Edom)*; Bozrah (city in Jer.); Bozrah (city in Gilead);
  • Bukki – Bukki (leader of the tribe of Dan); Bukki (son of Abishua);
  • Bunni – Bunni (Levite in Neh.); Bunni (sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Bunni (ancestor of Shemaiah);
  • Burial – Locations**; Rites and practices**;
  • Buz – Buz (son of Nahor); Buz (father of Jahdo);

C edit

  • Cabul – Cabul (town of Asher); Cabul (district in Galilee);
  • Cainan – Cainan (son of Arphaxad); Cainan (alternate name of Kenan);
  • Calcol – Calcol (grandson of Judah); Calcol (son of Mahol);
  • Caleb – Caleb (son of Hezron); Caleb (son of Jephunneh);
  • Cambyses – Cambyses I; Cambyses II;
  • Canaan or Canaanites – Name*; Land**; People**; Culture and Religion**; Language*;
  • Canon of the Old Testament – Evidence for a Fixed Canon**; Process of Canonization**; Canon and Interpretation*;
  • Canon of the New Testament – Prophetic Foundation of the Gospel*; Authorization and Message of the Apostles**; Consciousness of Apostolic Authority*; Extent of the NT Canon**;
  • Carmel – Carmel (mountain range north of Israel)*; Carmel (town in the Judean wilderness);
  • Carmi – Carmi (son of Reuben); Carmi (father of Achan); Carmi (possible alternative name of Caleb);
  • Chaldea – Land and People**; History**;
  • Chelub – Chelub (father of Mehir); Chelub (father of Ezri);
  • Chenaanah – Chenaanah (father of Zedekiah); Chenaanah (son of Bilhan);
  • Chenaniah – Chenaniah (chief of Levites at time of David); Chenaniah (Levite of 1 Chr. and Neh.);
  • Chinnereth – Chinnereth (lake in northern Israel); Chinnereth (city near Sea of Chinnereth); Chinnereth (territory around the city and lake);
  • Christ – Pauline Letters**; Gospels**; Beyond the New Testament**;
  • Chronicles, Books of or Books of Chronicles – Composition, Date, and Sources**; Structure and Major Themes**;
  • Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology**; OT History**;
    • Chronology of the Old Testament – Special Issues in Biblical Chronology – Intercalation*; Spring or Fall Calendars*; Accession and Nonaccession Year Reckoning*; Coregency*; Use of the LXX*; Relative and Absolute Chronology*;
    • Chronology of the Old Testament – OT History – Persian Period*; Neo-Babylonian Period**; Later Years of Judah*; Later Years of the Divided Monarchy**; Early Years of the Divided Monarchy**; United Monarchy**; Period of the Judges**; Date of the Exodus**; Sojourn*; Patriarchs*;
  • Chronology of the New Testament – Jesus' Life**; Apostolic Period, including Paul**;
  • Church – Beginnings of the Church**; Expansion in the NT Era**; Features of the Church**;
    • Church – Expansion in the NT Era – Jerusalem and Judea*; Beyond Judea*; Mission to the Gentiles**;
    • Church – Features of the Church – Organization in Ministry**; Role of the Assembly**; The Hope of the Church*;
  • Clement, Epistles of or Epistles of Clement – 1 Clement**; 2 Clement*;
  • Col-hozeh – Col-hozeh (father of Shallum); Col-hozeh (father of Baruch);
  • Conaniah – Conaniah (Levite of time of Hezekiah); Conaniah (Levite of time of Josiah);
  • Corinth – Commerce**; Religion**; Christianity*;
  • Corinthians, First Letter to the or First Letter to the Corinthians – Author, Provenance, Date*; Corinth*; Occasion*; Parties and Opposition**; Literary and Rhetorical Analysis*; Major Issues in Corinth*; Significance*;
  • Corporate personality – Corporate responsibility*; Individualism**;
  • Covenant – Covenant and Moral Character*; Old Testament**; Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît**; Issues in Understanding the Sinai Covenant**; The New Covenant*;
    • Covenant – Old Testament – Where God Is Not a Partner*; Where God Is Under Obligation*; Where Israel Is Under Obligation to God: Sinai*;
    • Covenant – Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – Postexilic Period*; Hellenistic Period: Sinai as diathēkē*; New Testament**;
      • Covenant - Later Traditions about the Sinai běrît – New Testament – Jesus**; Paul**;
  • Cush (person) – Cush (son of Ham); Cush (messenger to David); Cush (opponent of David);
  • Cushi – Cushi (father of Shelemiah); Cushi (father of Zephaniah);

D edit

  • D – D (Deuteronomist); D (symbol for Codex Bezae [D] and Codex Claromontanus [D2]);
  • Daniel – Daniel (son of David); Daniel (priest returned from exile); Daniel (praised by Ezekiel); Daniel (Hero of the Book of Daniel)**;
  • Daniel, Additions to or Additions to Daniel – Prayer of Azariah*; Song of the Three Young Men*; Susanna**; Bel and the Serpent**;
  • Daniel, Book of or Book of Daniel – Contents**; Problem of Bilingualism**; Date*; Placement in the Canon*;
  • Darius – Darius (Darius I)**; Darius (Darius II Ochus); Darius (Darius III Codommanus); Darius (Darius the Mede);
  • David – Sources**; Name*; Patronym*; Genealogy*; Location in Bethlehem*; Early Career**; Historical Relations with Saul's House**; Rise to Kingship**; Administration and Achievements**; Succession**; David's Place in Tradition*;
  • Dead Sea Scrolls – The Scrolls and the OT**; The Scrolls and Judaism**; The Scrolls and the NT**;
  • Debir (place) – Debir (city of Judah)*; Debir (city in Gilead); Debir (city on Judah-Benjamin border);
  • Deborah – Deborah (in Judges)**; Deborah (nurse of Rebekah); Deborah (grandmother of Tobit);
  • Delaiah – Delaiah (son of Elioenai); Delaiah (descendant of Aaron); Delaiah (ancestor of returning exiles); Delaiah (son of Mehetabel); Delaiah (son of Shemaiah);
  • Demetrius – Demetrius Poliorcetes*; Demetrius I Soter**; Demetrius II Nicator**; Demetrius III Eucerus*; Demetrius of Phalerum; Demetrius of Ephesus; Demetrius (3 John);
  • Desert – Physical Characteristics**; Conditions and Lessons*; Biblical Accounts**;
    • Desert – Physical Characteristics – Negeb*; Sinai*; Paran*; Zin*;
  • Dibon – Dibon (city in Transjordan)**; Dibon (town of the Negeb in Judah);
  • Dishon – Dishon (son of Seir); Dishon (son of Anah);
  • Dodo – Dodo (father of Puah); Dodo (son of Ahohi); Dodo (father of Elhanan);
  • Dumah (place) – Dumah (city of Judah); Dumah (Dumat al-Jandal); Dumah (mentioned in Isaiah);

E edit

  • Ebal (person) – Ebal (son of Shobal); Ebal (son of Joktan);
  • Ebed – Ebed (father of Gaal); Ebed (son of Jonathan);
  • Eber – Eber (ancestor of Hebrews); Eber (clan of the tribe of Gad); Eber (son of Elpaal); Eber (son of Shashak); Eber (postexilic priest);
  • Economics – OT Period**; NT Period**;
  • Eder (person) – Eder (postexilic Benjaminite); Eder (son of Mushi);
  • Eder (place) – Eder (town in southern Judah); Eder (landmark in the vicinity of Bethlehem);
  • Edrei – Edrei (Transjordanian city); Edrei (city in Naphtali);
  • Education – Development and History**; Teachers and Sages*; Content and Method*;
  • Egypt – Naqada I-II**; Proto-dynastic**; Old Kingdom**; Middle Kingdom*; Hyksos*; New Kingdom*; Third Intermediate Period*; Saite-Persian Period*; Hellenistic-Roman Rule**;
  • Egyptian (language) – History and Development**; Scripts*; Basic Principles of Writing**; Loanwords in the OT*;
  • Ehud – Ehud (judge)*; Ehud (son of Bilhan); Ehud (father of Naaman);
  • El – Middle and Late Bronze Age Sources**; Iron Age Sources**;
  • Elah – Elah (one of the 11 chiefs of Esau/Edom); Elah (4th king of Israel); Elah (father of Hoshea); Elah (son of Caleb); Elah (returning Benjaminite);
  • Elam (person) – Elam (son of Shem); Elam (son of Shashak); Elam (son of Meshelemiah); Elam (head of returning clan of Israelites); Elam ("other Elam"); Elam (signer of covenant of Nehemiah); Elam (priest who assisted Nehemiah);
  • Elasah – Elasah (son of Pashhur); Elasah (son of Shaphan);
  • Eleasah – Eleasah (son of Helez); Eleasah (son of Raphah);
  • Eleazar – Eleazar (son of Aaron); Eleazar (son of Abinadab); Eleazar (son of Dodo); Eleazar (son of Mali); Eleazar (son of Phinehas); Eleazar (priest of dedication in Neh.); Eleazar (son of Parosh); Eleazar (son of Mattathias); Eleazar (father of Jason); Eleazar (scribe of 2 Macc.); Eleazar (ancestor of Joseph);
  • Election – Old Testament**; New Testament**;
    • Election – New Testament – Jesus Christ*; The Community of Faith**;
  • Elhanan – Elhanan (son of Jair); Elhanan (son of Dodo);
  • Eliab – Eliab (son of Helon); Eliab (father of Dothan); Eliab (son of Jesse); Eliab (descendant of Levi); Eliab (Gadite officer of David); Eliab (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Eliab (ancestor of Judith);
  • Eliada – Eliada (son of David); Eliada (father of Rezon); Eliada (Benjaminte officer of Jehoshaphat);
  • Eliakim – Eliakim (official of Hezekiah); Eliakim (son of Josiah); Eliakim (priest of Neh.); Eliakim (grandson of Zerubbabel); Eliakim (son of Melea);
  • Eliam – Eliam (father of Bathsheba); Eliam (son of Ahithophel);
  • Eliasaph – Eliasaph (head of tribe of Gad); Eliasaph (son of Lael);
  • Eliashib – Eliashib (descendant of David); Eliashib (priest of the time of David); Eliashib (father of Jehohanan); Eliashib (singer of the time of Ezra); Eliashib (descendant of Zattu); Eliashib (descendant of Bani); Eliashib (high priest of the time of Nehemiah); Eliashib (son of Joiakim); Eliashib (priest of the temple staff of Neh.);
  • Eliehoenai – Eliehoenai (son of Meshelemiah); Eliehoenai (son of Zerahiah);
  • Eliel – Eliel (head of Manassite household of 1 Chr.); Eliel (ancestor of Samuel); Eliel (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Eliel (Mahavite of David's Mighty Men); Eliel (Gadite who joined David); Eliel (Levite of the sons of Hebron); Eliel (Levite under Hezekiah);
  • Eliezer – Eliezer (oldest of Abraham's servants); Eliezer (son of Moses); Eliezer (son of Becher); Eliezer (trumpet blowing priest); Eliezer (son of Zichri); Eliezer (son of Dodavahu); Eliezer (priest sent by Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing son of priest of Ezra); Eliezer (divorcing Levite); Eliezer (son of Harim); Eliezer (ancestor of Jesus);
  • Elihu – Elihu (son of Tohu); Elihu (defecting chief at Ziklag); Elihu (gatekeeper of the lineage of Obed-edom); Elihu (brother of David); Elihu (son of Barachel)*;
  • Elijah, Apocalypse of or Apocalypse of Elijah – Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish-Christian book ca. 150-275 CE)*; Apocalypse of Elijah (Jewish Hebrew apocalypse ca. 6th-7th century)*;
  • Elioenai – Elioenai (son of Neariah); Elioenai (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Elioenai (son of Becher); Elioenai (divorcing priest); Elioenai (Israelite of the Zattu clan of Ezra); Elioenai (priest of Neh.);
  • Eliphelet – Eliphelet (son(s?) of David); Eliphelet (of David's Thirty); Eliphelet (son of Eshek); Eliphelet (returning descendant of Adonikam); Eliphelet (divorcing descendant of Hashum);
  • Elisha – Miracle Stories**; Political Legends**; Deuteronomistic Edition*;
  • Elishama – Elishama (son of Ammihud); Elishama (son of David); Elishama (father of Nethaniah); Elishama (descendant of Jerahmeel); Elishama (priest of Jehosaphat's commission); Elishama (scribe under Jehoiakim);
  • Elizaphan – Elizaphan (son of Uzziel); Elizaphan (son of Parnach);
  • Elkanah – Elkanah (descendant of Korah); Elkanah (father of Samuel)*; Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:25); Elkanah (ancestor of Samuel of Chr. 6:26); Elkanah (ancestor of Berechiah); Elkanah (Korahite of David's Mighty Men); Elkanah (Davidic Levite doorkeeper of the ark); Elkanah (official of Ahaz);
  • Elnathan – Elnathan (father of Nehushta); Elnathan (1 or 2 "leaders" and a "wise" returner from exile); Elnathan (son of Achbor);
  • Elon (person) – Elon (father of Basemath); Elon (son of Zebulun); Elon (Zebulunite judge);
  • Elzabad – Elzabad (Gadite of Ziklag); Elzabad (Korahite temple gatekeeper);
  • En-gannim – En-gannim (settlement in the Judean Shephelah); En-gannim (levitical city of Issachar);
  • Enoch (person) – Enoch (son of Cain); Enoch (son of Jared)*;
  • Enoch, Books of or Books of Enoch – 1 (Ethiopic) Enoch**; 2 (Slavonic) Enoch*; 3 (Hebrew) Enoch*;
  • Ephah (person) – Ephah (son of Midian)*; Ephah (concubine of Caleb); Ephah (son of Jahdai);
  • Epher – Epher (son of Midian); Epher (son of Ezrah); Epher (of 1 Chr. 5:24);
  • Ephesians, Letter to the or Letter to the Ephesians – Contents*; Occasion, Purpose, and Literary Classification**; Theological Themes**; Authorship, Dating, and Related Questions**;
  • Ephraim (person) – Eponymous Figure*; Tribe*; Territory**;
  • Ephrath (place) – Ephrath (city near where Rachel died); Ephrath (place where Rachel was buried);
  • Ephron (place) – Ephron (district on the northern border of Judah); Ephron (town taken by King Abijah of Jordan); Ephron (large town of 1 Macc.);
  • Er – Er (son of Judah); Er (son of Shelah); Er (father of Elmadam);
  • Eschatology – OT Prophets*; Jewish Apocalyptic Literature*; Jesus and the Gospels**; Paul*; General Epistles and Revelation*;
  • Esdras, Books of or Books of Esdras – 1 Esdras**; 2 Esdras**;
  • Eshtemoa (person) – Eshtemoa (son of Ishbah); Eshtemoa (descendant of Hodiah);
  • Esther, Book of or Book of Esther – Synopsis**; Canonicity*; Composition**; Versions*; Genre*; Purpose**; Recent Scholarly Issues*;
  • Etam – Etam (place where Samson lodged); Etam (town occupied by the descendants of Simeon); Etam (town in the hill country of Judah);
  • Ethan – Ethan (one of the sons of Mahol); Ethan (descendant of Zerah); Ethan (son of Zimmah); Ethan (son of Kishi);
  • Ether – Ether (town of the tribal allotment of Judah); Ether (town occupied by the tribe of Simeon within the tribal allotment of Judah);
  • Eve – OT**; Intertestamental Writings and NT*; Later Traditions*;
  • Exodus, Book of or Book of Exodus – Canonical Context*; Content*; Theology and History of Composition**; Continuing Significance*;
  • Ezbon – Ezbon (son of Gad); Ezbon (son of Bela);
  • Ezekiel, Book of or Book of Ezekiel – The Prophet*; The Book**;
  • Ezer – Ezer (son of Seir); Ezer (father of Hushah); Ezer (cattle raiding Ephraimite); Ezer (joined David at Ziklag); Ezer (son of Jeshua); Ezer (priest of Neh.);
  • Ezra – Ezra (of the Book of Ezra)*; Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:1, 13); Ezra (priest of Neh. 12:33);
  • Ezra, Book of or Book of Ezra – Date, Scope, and Structure**; Content and Messages**; Historical Background*; Historical and Literary Issues*;
    • Ezra, Book of or Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Cyrus' decree (538) to restore the house of God in Jerusalem (1:1-4)*; Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
      • Ezra, Book of or Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Introduction with a list of returning exiles (Ezra 1:5-2:1-70)*; Implementation of decree in three movements (Ezra 3:1-Neh. 7:73 [72])**;
        • Ezra, Book of or Book of Ezra – Content and Messages – Implementation of the decree (Ezra 1:5-Neh. 7:73 [72]) – Implementation of the decree in three movements – First movement: Building of the temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua's leadership in 538-516/5 (Ezra 3:1-6:22)**; Second movement: Building community under Ezra's leadership in 458-457 (Ezra 7:1-10:44)**;

F edit

  • Flood – Terminology*; Biblical Narrative**; Literary Character*; Significance*; Other Flood Traditions*; Sceintific Issues*;

G edit

  • Gabael – Gabael (ancestor of Tobit); Gabael (friend of Tobit);
  • Gad (person) – Gad (son of Jacob); Gad (David's prophet or seer);
  • Gaddi – Gaddi (son of Susi); Gaddi (nikname of Judas Maccabeus' brother John);
  • Gaius – Gaius (Macedonian who traveled with Paul to Ephesus); Gaius (Paul's companion from Derbe); Gaius (Corinthian baptized by Paul); Gaius (recipient of 3 John);
  • Galal – Galal (Levite of 1 Chr. 9:15); Galal (son of Jeduthun);
  • Galatians, Letter to the or Letter to the Galatians – Backgrtound**; Content**;
    • Galatians, Letter to the or Letter to the Galatians – Content – Truth of the Gospel (1:11-2:21)**; Content – Children of the Promise (3:1-5:12)**; Content – Living by the Spirit (5:13-6:10)**; Content – Contemporary Discussion**;
  • Galilee – Israelite Period**; Hellenistic-Roman Period**; Early Church and Rabbis*;
  • Gamaliel – Gamaliel (son of Pedahur); Gamaliel (Gamaliel I)**; Gamaliel (Gamaliel II);
  • Gath-rimmon – Gath-rimmon (city allotted to Dan); Gath-rimmon (city reallotted from Manasseh to Levites);
  • Gazez – Gazez (son of Caleb); Gazez (son of Haran);
  • Gebal – Gebal (city 30 km north of Beirut)**; Gebal (now Gibal territory);
  • Gedaliah – Gedaliah (son of Ahikam); Gedaliah (musician of David's reign); Gedaliah (of the family of Jeshua); Gedaliah (son of Pashhur); Gedaliah (grandfather of Zephaniah);
  • Gederah – Gederah (town in the Shephelah); Gederah (home town of Jozabad the Gederathite);
  • Gedor (place) – Gedor (town in the Judean hill country); Gedor (city in Gilead and capital of Perea);
  • Gemariah – Gemariah (son of Hilkiah); Gemariah (son of Shaphan);
  • Genesis, Book of or Book of Genesis – Name and Early Interpretation*; Structure and Contents**; Formation**; History*;
  • Gera – Gera (son of Benjamin); Gera (father of Ehud); Gera (father of Shimei); Gera (name in 1 Chr. 8:1-40); Gera (son of Ehud);
  • Gershom – Gershom (son of Moses); Gershom (son of Levi); Gershom (descendant of Phinehas);
  • Geshur – Geshur (Aramean kingdom)*; Geshur (people or region south of the Philistine pentapolis);
  • Gestures – Illustrations**;
    • Gestures – Illustrations – Head*; Face Alone**; Limbs**;
  • Gibeah – Gibeah (town in the hill country of Judah); Gibeah (town in the hill country of Ephraim); Gibeah (Benjaminite city)**;
  • Giddel – Giddel (returning temple servant); Giddel (servant of Solomon);
  • Gihon – Gihon (river of Genesis); Gihon (spring in the Kidron Valley)*;
  • Gilead (person) – Gilead (son of Machir); Gilead (father of Jephthah); Gilead (ancestor of the Gadite clan);
  • Gilgal – Gilgal (place "opposite" Mts. Gerizim and Ebal); Gilgal (place east of Jericho)**; Gilgal (place in Galilee); Gilgal (place on the northern border of Judah); Gilgal (site north of Bethel); Gilgal (iste Demetrius passed in 1 Macc.);
  • Ginnethon – Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 10:6); Ginnethon (priest of Neh. 12:16);
  • Glory – Old Testament**; New Testament**;
  • God – Issues of Genre**; The Knowledge of God**; Basic Claims about God***;
    • God – Basic Claims about God – Living and eternal*; Unity*; Unique, incomparable*; Present**; Active*; Relational**; Intentional*; Interactive*; Situational*; Effective*; Vulnerable*; Use of agents**; Mighty acts*; Extraordinary events*;
  • God in the Old Testament, Names of or Names of God in the Old Testament – Adon*; Baal*; El*; El Elyon*; El Shaddai*; Eloah*; Fear of Isaac*; Holy One*; Mighty One of Jacob*;
  • Goiim – Goiim (kingdom led by Tidal); Goiim (kingdom whose king was defeated by Joshua); Goiim (alt. form of goyim);
  • Gomer – Gomer (son of Japheth); Gomer (son of Diblaim);
  • Goshen – Goshen (territory in Egypt settled by Hebrews)**; Goshen (region in southern Canaan); Goshen (town in the hill country assigned to Judah);
  • Gospel or Good News – Origin of usage*; Matthew and Luke**; Mark*; Paul**; Other NT Usages*;
  • Greece – Bronze Age and Archaic Period (Beginnings to 450 B.C.E.)**; Classical Period (450-323 B.C.E.)**; Hellenistic Period (323-31 B.C.E.)**; Roman Period (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)*;
  • Greek (language) – History*; Greek in the Near East**;
  • Guni – Guni (son of Naphtali); Guni (father of Abdiel);

H edit

  • Habakkuk, Book of or Book of Habakkuk – Text*; Form*; Historical Context and Central Message**;
  • Hadad (person) – Hadad (son of Ishmael); Hadad (king of Edom, son of Bedad); Hadad (later king of Edom); Hadad (Edomite king, enemy of Solomon);
  • Hadadezer – Hadadezer (king of Zobah); Hadadezer (king of Damascus);
  • Hadoram – Hadoram (descendant of Joktan); Hadoram (son of King Tou or Hamath); Hadoram (official of King Rehoboam);
  • Haggai, Book of or Book of Haggai – Prophetic Call to Work on the Temple (1:1-11)*; Response of Leaders and People (1:12-15a)*; Assurance of God's Presence (1:15b-2:9)*; Priestly Ruling with Interpretation (2:10-19)*; Future Hope (2:20-23)*;
  • Hakkoz – Hakkoz (head of the seventh division of priests under David); Hakkoz (family returning from exile);
  • Hamites or Hamitic – Hamites or Hamitic (descendants of Ham)*; Hamites or Hamitic (Hamito-Semitic earlier designation of languages and cultures)*;
  • Hammon – Hammon (city in the territory assigned to Asher); Hammon (city in the territory of Naphtali);
  • Hanan – Hanan (son of Shashak); Hanan (son of Azel); Hanan (son of Maacah); Hanan (head of family of returners); Hanan (Levite of the time of Ezra); Hanan (Two men listed as leaders of the people in Neh.); Hanan (son of Zaccur); Hanan (guild member who occupied a chamber of the temple in Jer.);
  • Hanani – Hanani (father of Jehu)*; Hanani (son of Heman); Hanani (son of the priestly family of Immer); Hanani (Nehemiah's brother); Hanani (priest and trumpeter of Neh.);
  • Hananiah – Hananiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hananiah (postexilic member of tribe of Benjamin); Hananiah (son of Heman); Hananiah (commander under King Uzziah); Hananiah (of the family of Bebai who sent away foreign wife); Hananiah (son of Shelemiah); Hananiah (governor of the citadel/palace at time of Nehemiah); Hananiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hananiah (priest and head of house of Jeremiah at time of Neh.); Hananiah (son of Azzur)*; Hananiah (father of official under Jehoiakim); Hananiah (father of Chelemiah); Hananiah (changed name to Shadrach);
  • Hanniel – Hanniel (son of Ephod); Hanniel (son of Ulla);
  • Hanoch – Hanoch (son of Midian); Hanoch (son of Reuben);
  • Hanun – Hanun (son of Nahash); Hanun (Israelite helped restore walls in Neh.); Hanun (son of Zalaph);
  • Haran (person) – Haran (son of Terah); Haran (descendant of Judah); Haran (son of Shimei);
  • Harim – Harim (head of a priestly family at time of David); Harim (person or place that designates a lay family of returners in Ezra);
  • Harod – Harod (spring in Judg.); Harod (town SE of Jerusalem, exact location unknown);
  • Hasadiah – Hasadiah (son of Zerubbabel); Hasadiah (ancestor of Baruch);
  • Hashabiah – Hashabiah (father of Malluch); Hashabiah (father of Azrikam); Hashabiah (son of Jeduthun); Hashabiah (Hebronite official of David); Hashabiah (son of Kemuel); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Josiah); Hashabiah (descendant of Merari); Hashabiah (one of 12 priests set apart by Ezra); Hashabiah (divorcing descendant of Parosh); Hashabiah (ruler of half the district of Keilah at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (sealer of covenant of Neh.); Hashabiah (chief officer of the Levites at time of Neh.); Hashabiah (head of a priestly family of Hilkiah); Hashabiah (a leader of the Levites at time of Neh.);
  • Hashabneiah – Hashabneiah (father of Hattush); Hashabneiah (Levite at time of Neh.);
  • Hashum – Hashum (returner at time of Ezra); Hashum (representative of the family of Hashum at time of Ezra);
  • Hasrah – Hasrah (grandfather of Shallum); Hasrah (head of family of returning exiles);
  • Hassenuah – Hassenuah (father of Hodaviah); Hassenuah (father of Judah);
  • Hasshub – Hasshub (Levite of the line of Merari); Hasshub (son of Pahath-moab); Hasshub (Israelite who helped rebuild the walls);
  • Hattush – Hattush (son of Shemaiah); Hattush (son of Hashabneiah); Hattush (returning priest);
  • Havilah (person) – Havilah (son of Cush); Havilah (son of Joktan);
  • Hazor – Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain)**; Hazor (city in the Negeb); Hazor (city on the southern border of Judah); Hazor (town resettled by Benjaminites after the Restoration); Hazor (collective term for Arab kingdoms);
    • Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Textual References**; Archaeological Investigations**;
      • Hazor (city at the corner of the Huleh Plain) – Archaeological Investigations – Bronze Age**; Iron Age**;
  • Heber – Heber (son of Beriah); Heber (Kenite descended from Hobab); Heber (descendant of Ezrah); Heber (son of Elpaal);
  • Hebrew, Biblical or Biblical Hebrew – History**; Grammar**; Verbal System*;
    • Hebrew, Biblical or Biblical Hebrew – Verbal System – Diachronic vs. Synchronic Approaches*; Tense vs. Aspect*;
  • Hebrews, Epistle to the or Epistle to the Hebrews – Literary Genre*; Content**; Authorship*; Intended Audience**;
  • Hebron (person) – Hebron (son of Kohath); Hebron (son of Mareshah);
  • Heldai – Heldai (Netophatite of David's army); Heldai (returner from exile);
  • Helem – Helem (descendant of Asher); Helem (responsible for the crown of the high priest in Zech.);
  • Helez – Helez (descendadnt of Jerahmeel); Helez (Pelonite of the army of Ephraim);
  • Heliopolis – Heliopolis (Egyptian city Om); Heliopolis (Greek name of Baalbek);
  • Heman – Heman (descendant of Esau); Heman (son of Mahol); Heman (son of Joel);
  • Hepher (person) – Hepher (son of Gilead); Hepher (descendant of Judah); Hepher (one of David's mighty men);
  • Hephzibah – Hephzibah (wife of King Hezekiah); Hephzibah (symbolic name for Jerusalem);
  • Herod (family) – Herod Antipater (father of Herod the Great)**; Herod the Great**; Mariamme I**; Mariamme II*; Salome (sister of Herod)*; Herod Antipater (son of Herod the Great)*; Alexander and Aristobulus*; Mariamme (granddaughter of Herod)*; Archelaus*; Mariamme (wife of Archelaus)*; Antipas (son of Herod the Great)*; Salome (daughter of Herod)*; Philip the Tetrarch**; Herod (son of Herod)*; Mariamme (married Herod IV)*; Agrippa I*; Mariamme (daughter of Agrippa I)*; Agrippa II*;
    • Herod (family) Herod the Great – King Herod**; Middle Years**; Herod's Buildings*; Final Years*; Evaluation*;
  • Hezekiah – Hezekiah (king of Judah)**; Hezekiah (head of family of returners); Hezekiah (ancestor of Zephaniah);
  • Hezir – Hezir (leaderof 17th division of priests under David); Hezir (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
  • Hezron (person) – Hezron (son of Reuben); Hezron (son of Perez);
  • Hieronymus – Hieronymus (district governor in 2 Macc.); Hieronymus (Latin form of Jerome);
  • Hilkiah – Hilkiah (father of Eliakim); Hilkiah (High priest at time of Josiah); Hilkiah (pre-exilic Levite, possible great-grandfather of Ezra); Hilkiah (ancestor of Merari); Hilkiah (father of postexilic priest, various names); Hilkiah (gatekeeper at the time of David); Hilkiah (one who stood beside Ezra); Hilkiah (leader of the priests at time of Neh.); Hilkiah (father of Jeremiah); Hilkiah (father of Gemariah); Hilkiah (ancestor of Judith); Hilkiah (ancestor of Baruch); Hilkiah (ancestor of Susanne);
  • Hillel – Hillel (father of Abdon); Hillel (Hillel the Elder)**;
  • Hiram – Hiram I*; Hiram the metalworker*; Hiram II*; Hiram III*; Hiram IV*;
  • Historiography, Biblical or Biblical historiography – Definition of History*; Survey of Research**; Biblical Historical Writings*;
  • Hittites – History**; Myths of Origin*; Identity**;
  • Hodaviah – Hodaviah (son of Elioenai); Hodaviah (head of a family in the half-tribe of Manasseh); Hodaviah (son of Hassenuah); Hodaviah (Levite ancestor of returners from exile);
  • Hodiah – Hodiah (brother-in-law of Nahum); Hodiah (Levite interpreter of the law of the time of Ezra); Hodiah (two Levites who signed the covenant of Ezra); Hodiah (an apparently non-Levite signer of the covenant of Ezra);
  • Holon – Holon (city in the hill country of Judah); Holon (city in the tableland of Moab);
  • Holy Spirit – Old Testament**; New Testament**;
    • Holy Spirit – New Testament – Gospels**; Paul**; John**;
  • Homosexuality – Male-male rape*; Same-sex intercourse as violation of purity*; Same-sex commitments*;
  • Hor – Hor (mountain on which Aaron died); Hor (mountain marking the northern boundary of Israel);
  • Hori – Hori (son of Lotan); Hori (father of Shaphat);
  • Horites – Horites (seminomadic people living in Seir-Edom)*; Horites (Hivites translated in the LXX as Horites)*;
  • Horn – Horn (container for liquids); Horn (symol of power, victory, or glory);
  • Hosea, Book of or Book of Hosea – Text*; Literary Structure*; Compositional History**; Hosea, His Wife, and Social Location**; Message**;
  • Hoshaiah – Hoshaiah (a leader of Judah in Neh.); Hoshaiah (father of Jezaniah);
  • Hoshea – Hoshea (original name of Joshua); Hoshea (last king of northern Israel); Hoshea (chief officer David placed over Ephraim); Hoshea (levitical priest who ratified Ezra's covenant); Hoshea (prophet also called Hosea);
  • Hotham – Hotham (son of Heber); Hotham (father of Shama);
  • House – Textual Usage**; Archaeological Contexts**;
  • Hur – Hur (companion of Moses and Aaron); Hur (grandfather of Bezalel); Hur (one of five kings slain at Peor); Hur (father of Solomon's governor in Ephraim); Hur (father of Rephaiah);
  • Huram – Huram (Tyrian metal-worker); Huram (alternate form of the name Hiram); Huram (son of Bela);
  • Hurrians – History**; Language and Literature**;
  • Hushim – Hushim (son of Dan); Hushim (sons of Aher); Hushim (mother of Abitub);
  • Hyksos – Ethnic Identification**; Rise to Power**; End of Rule*; Impact*;
  • Hyrkanus – Hyrcanus (son of Tobias); John Hyrcanus**; Hyrcanus II**;

I edit

  • Iddo – Iddo (father of Ahinadab); Iddo (Levite descendant of Gershom); Iddo (prophet said to have authored a midrash); Iddo (grandfather of Zechariah); Iddo (tribal leader under David); Iddo (Yehudite who married a foreign woman); Iddo (Judean leader of the time of Ezra);
  • Igal – Igal (spy from Issachar); Igal (son of Nathan); Igal (son of Shemaiah);
  • Illness and Health Care – Prehistoric and Early Periods**; Preexilic Israel**; Postexilic Israel**; Early Christianity**; Conclusion**;
  • Imnah – Imnah (son of Asher); Imnah (father of Kore);
  • Imri – Imri (ancestor of Uthai); Imri (father of Zaccur);
  • Inscriptions, Semitic or Semitic inscriptions – Hebrew**; Moabite*; Old Aramaic*; Phoenician*; Conclusion*;
  • Interpretation, Biblical or Biblical interpretation – OT and Judaism**; Early Church and Medieval Interpretation**; The Reformation and Modern Interpretation**; Contemporary Approaches**;
  • Ira – Ira (Manassite of the lineage of Jair); Ira (son of Ikkesh); Ira (Ithrite, one of David's Champions);
  • Isaiah, Book of or Book of Isaiah – The Prophetic Scroll**; Message**;
    • Isaiah, Book of or Book of Isaiah – The Prophetic Scroll – Historical Questions**; Canonical Criticism**; Primary Historical Setting**;
    • Isaiah, Book of or Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39)**; The Basis for Hope (Chs. 40-55)**; Maintaining the Vision (Chs. 56-66)**;
      • Isaiah, Book of or Book of Isaiah – Message – Memories of Isaiah's Vision (Chs. 1-39) – A People in Revolt (Ch. 1)*; Judgment for Judah and Jerusalem (Chs. 2-12)**; Judgment for Babylon and the Nations (Chs. 13-35)*; Isaiah and Hezekiah (Chs. 36-39)*;
  • Ishi – Ishi (son of Appaim); Ishi (father of Zoheth); Ishi (Simeonite whose sons or followers defeated Amalekites in 1 Chr.); Ishi (head of a father's house in the half-tribe of Manasseh);
  • Ishmael – Ishmael (son of Abraham)**; Ishmael (son of Azel); Ishmael (father of Zebediah); Ishmael (son of Johananan); Ishmael (son of Passhur); Ishmael (son of Nethaniah);
  • Ishmaiah – Ismaiah (Gibeonite leader of the Thirty); Ismaiah (son of Obadiah);
  • Ishvi – Ishvi (son of Asher); Ishvi (son of Saul);
  • Israel – Name**; Biblical Account**; Biblical Account of History**; Extrabiblical Evidence and Theories**;
    • Israel – Biblical Account of History – Wilderness to United Monarchy**; Kingdom of Israel**;
  • Issachar – Issachar (son of Leah); Issachar (son of Obed-orem);
  • Isshiah – Isshiah (son of Izrahiah); Isshiah (who joined David at Ziklag); Isshiah (son of Uzziel); Isshiah (Levite of the family of Rehabiah);
  • Ithiel – Ithiel (ancestor of Sallu); Ithiel (person addressed in Proverbs);
  • Ithran – Ithran (son of Dishon); Ithran (son of Zophah);
  • Ittai – Ittai (man from Gath in 2 Sam.); Ittai (son of Ribai);
  • Izhar – Izhar (Levite father of Korah); Izhar (Judahite son of Helah);

J edit

  • Jaasiel – Jaasiel (Mezobaite, one of David's mighty men); Jaasiel (son of Abner);
  • Jaazaniah – Jaazaniah (commander of the troops of Judah under Gedaliah); Jaazaniah (son of Jeremiah); Jaazaniah (son of Shaphan); Jaazaniah (son of Azzur);
  • Jabin – Jabin (king of Hazor in Josh.); Jabin (king of Hazor in Judg.);
  • Jabneel – Jabneel (town on the southern border of the tribe of Judah); Jabneel (town on the southeastern border of Naphtali);
  • Jachin – Jachin (son of Simeon); Jachin (leader of the 21st priestly division at the time of David);
  • Jaddua – Jaddua (a "leader of the people" who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Jaddua (son of Jonathan);
  • Jahath – Jahath (son of Reaiah); Jahath (son of Libni); Jahath (grandson of Gershom); Jahath (son of Shelomoth); Jahath (overseer of the temple repair work force at the time of King Josiah);
  • Jahaziel – Jahaziel (Benjaminite who came to David at Ziklag); Jahaziel (priest at the time of David); Jahaziel (Korahite Levite of 1 Chr.); Jahaziel (son of Zechariah); Jahaziel (father of Shecaniah);
  • Jair – Jair (son of Manasseh); Jair (Jair the Gileadite); Jair (father of Elhanan); Jair (father of Mordecai);
  • Jakim – Jakim (son of Shimei); Jakim (leader of the twelfth division of priests at the time of David);
  • James – James the son of Zebedee**; James the son of Alphaeus*; James the son of Mary*; James the father of Judas*; James the brother of Jesus**;
  • James, Letter of or Letter of James – Theological Emphases**;
    • James, Letter of or Letter of James – Theological Emphases – Wisdom*; Love, Faith, and Works*; Perfection*; Eschatology*;
  • Jamin – Jamin (son of Simeon); Jamin (son of Ram); Jamin (Levite of the time of Neh.);
  • Janoah – Janoah (town on the eastern border of Ephraim)*; Janoah (city in the northern region of Naphtali)*;
  • Japheth – Japheth (son of Noah)**; Japheth (region north of Arabia);
  • Japhia (person) – Japhia (king of Lachish); Japhia (son of David);
  • Jarib – Jarib (son of Simeon); Jarib (sent by Ezra to Casiphia); Jarib (priest Ezra ordered to give up a foreign wife);
  • Jarmuth – Jarmuth (city in Judah); Jarmuth (city in Issachar);
  • Jashobeam – Jashobeam (Hachmonite leader of David's Three); Jashobeam (son of Zabdiel); Jashobeam (Korahite who defected at Ziklag);
  • Jashub – Jashub (son of Issachar); Jashub (returned exile of Ezra);
  • Jason – Jason (son of Eleazar); Jason (father of Antipater); Jason (Cyrenian historian); Jason (high priest 174-171 B.C.E.); Jason (Jewish Christian of Acts 17:5-9); Jason (companion of Paul in Rom 16:21);
  • Jeconiah or Jechoniah – Jeconiah or Jechoniah (altenate name of King Jehoiachin of Judah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (Levitical priest of time of King Josiah); Jeconiah or Jechoniah (alternate name of King Jehoahaz or Judah);
  • Jedaiah – Jedaiah (son of Shimri); Jedaiah (eponymous ancestor of a priestly house); Jedaiah (wall builder of Neh.); Jedaiah (priest of the time of Neh.); Jedaiah (two levitical chiefs who returned at time of Neh. 12:6-7); Jedaiah (two head of family priest of Neh. 12:19, 21); Jedaiah (contemporary of the prophet Zechariah);
  • Jediael – Jediael (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jediael (son of Shimri); Jediael (military chief who deserted David at Ziklag); Jediael (son of Meshelemiah);
  • Jeduthun – Jeduthun (father of Obed-edom); Jeduthun (Levitical musician of 1 and 2 Chr.);
  • Jehallelel – Jehallelel (descendant of Judah); Jehallelel (father of Azariah);
  • Jehdeiah – Jehdeiah (descendant of Shubael); Jehdeiah (Meronothite overseer of David's donkeys);
  • Jehiel – Jehiel (Levite musician of the time of David); Jehiel (founder of the levitical family of Jehieli); Jehiel (son of Hachmoni); Jehiel (Gershonite of 1 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehiel (Levite official of the time of Hezekiah); Jehiel (official of the time of Josiah); Jehiel (father of Obadiah); Jehiel (father of Shechasniah); Jehiel (priest of the family of Harim); Jehiel (Israelite of the family of Elam);
  • Jehoahaz – Jehoahaz (King of Judah son of Jehoram); Jehoahaz (King of Israel son of Jehu); Jehoahaz (17th King of Judah);
  • Jehohanan – Jehohanan (Korahite Levite gatekeeper of 1 Chr.); Jehohanan (Judahite commander in Jehoshaphat's army in 2 Chr.); Jehohanan (father of Ishmael); Jehohanan (owner of chamber to which Ezra retreated for fasting); Jehohanan (son of Bebai); Jehohanan (son of Tobiah the Ammonite); Jehohanan (head of a priestly house in Neh.); Jehohanan (priest at dedication of the walls in Neh.);
  • Jehoiada – Jehoiada (priest from Kabzeel); Jehoiada (priest in coup against Athaliah)**; Jehoiada (son of Benaiah); Jehoiada (son of Eliashib); Jehoiada (priest replaced by Zephaniah);
  • Jehoiakim – Jehoiakim (King of Judah 609-598 B.C.E.)**; Jehoiakim (son of Hilkiah);
  • Jehonathan – Jehonathan (Levite of 2 Chr.); Jehonathan (postexilic priest of Neh.);
  • Jehoram – Jehoram (son of Ahab)**; Jehoram (son and successor or Jehoshaphat)*; Jehoram (priest of Judah);
  • Jehoshaphat – Jehoshaphat (son of Ahilud); Jehoshaphat (son of Paruah); Jehoshaphat (King of Judah)**; Jehoshaphat (son of Nimshi);
  • Jehozabad – Jehozabad (servant of Joash of Judah); Jehozabad (son of Obed-edom); Jehozabad (Benjaminite commander of 2 Chr.);
  • Jehu – Jehu (prophet of the era of King Baasha of Israel); Jehu (King of Israel ca. 843-816 B.C.E.)**; Jehu (son of Obed); Jehu (son of Joshibiah); Jehu (Benjaminite warrior of David at Ziklag);
  • Jeiel – Jeiel (clan chief of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (father of Gibeon); Jeiel (son of Hotham); Jeiel (Levite harpist of 1 Chr.); Jeiel (Asaphite Levite of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (secretary of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (chief of Levites of 2 Chr.); Jeiel (descendant of Nebo);
  • Jekamiah – Jekamiah (son of Shallum); Jekamiah (descendant of King Jeconiah);
  • Jephunneh – Jephunneh (father of Caleb); Jephunneh (son of Jether);
  • Jerahmeel – Jerahmeel (brother of Ram and Caleb)*; Jerahmeel (son of Kish); Jerahmeel (Judean officer under Jehoiakim);
  • Jeremiah – Jeremiah (man from Libnah); Jeremiah (clan head of 1 Chr.); Jeremiah (Benjaminite warrior that joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (two Gadite warriors who joined David at Ziklag); Jeremiah (priest who signed the covenant of Neh.); Jeremiah (priest returner of Neh.); Jeremiah (administrative official of Judah at Neh.); Jeremiah (prophet from Anathoth); Jeremiah (father of Jaazaniah);
  • Jeremoth – Jeremoth (of the sons of Becher); Jeremoth (son of Beriah); Jeremoth (son of Mushi); Jeremoth (son of Heman); Jeremoth (descendant of Elam); Jeremoth (descendant of Zattu); Jeremoth (descendant of Bani);
  • Jericho – Old Testament and Apocrypha*; New Testament*; Tell es-Sultân**; Tulûl Abū el-‘Alayiq*;
  • Jerimoth – Jerimoth (son of Bela); Jerimoth (Benjaminite who joined David at ZIklag); Jerimoth (family head of tribe of Levi of 1 Chr.); Jerimoth (temple musician and seer of time of David); Jerimoth (commander of Naphtali at time of David); Jerimoth (son of King David); Jerimoth (temple storeroom overseer of 2 Chr.);
  • Jeroboam – Jeroboam (first king of Israel)**; Jeroboam (King of Israel 785-745)**;
  • Jeroham – Jeroham (father of Elkanah); Jeroham (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Ibneiah); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Adaiah); Jeroham (man from Gedor); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azarel); Jeroham (father or ancestor of Azariah);
  • Jerusalem – Name*; Setting**; Ancient Sources*; Archaeological Evidence*; History***;
  • Jerusalem, Gates of or Gates of Jerusalem – Preexilic Period*; Restoration Period**; New Testament Period**;
  • Jeshaiah – Jeshaiah (grandson of Zerubbabel); Jeshaiah (son of Jeduthun); Jeshaiah (son of Rehabiah); Jeshaiah (son of Athaliah); Jeshaiah (Meraite Levite of Ezra); Jeshaiah (forebear of Sallu);
  • Jeshimon – Jeshimon (desert region east of the Judean mountains and west of the Dead Sea); Jeshimon (desert region at northeastern end of the Dead Sea);
  • Jeshua – Jeshua (head of ninth division of Levitical priests of 1 Chr.); Jeshua (priest of the time of Hezekiah); Jeshua (son of Jehozadak); Jeshua (name of a nonpriestly clan of Pahathmoab); Jeshua (levitical house of returnees); Jeshua (alternate form of Joshua son of Nun); Jeshua (father of Jozabad); Jeshua (father of Ezer); Jeshua (Levitical singer of Neh.); Jeshua (son of Kadmiel);
  • Jesus – Jesus (father of Sirach); Jesus (alternate name of Joshua ben Sira); Jesus (surname of Paul's co-worker Justus);
  • Jesus Christ – Life**; Sources**; Public Career*; Teaching**; Miracles*; Controversy and Danger**; Jesus's Last Week**; The Resurrection**;
    • Jesus Christ – Teaching – The Nature of the Kingdom*; Its Time and Place*; Preparation and Discipleship*; The Poor and Sinners*; Self-Conception*; Jewish Law**; Ethics*;
    • Jesus Christ – Controversy and Danger – Crowds and Autonomy*; Scribes and Pharisees**;
  • Jether – Jether (son of Gideon); Jether (father of Amasa); Jether (son of Jada); Jether (son of Ezrah); Jether (Asherite of 1 Chr.);
  • Jeuel – Jeuel (head of a clan in 1 Chr.); Jeuel (of the sons of Elizaphan); Jeuel (son of Adonikam);
  • Jeush – Jeush (son of Esau); Jeush (son of Bilhan); Jeush (son of Eshek); Jeush (son of Shimei); Jeush (son of Rehoboam);
  • Jewish Christians – Sources*; History*;
  • Jezeniah – Jezeniah (captain of Judah's army in Jer.); Jezeniah (son of Hoshaiah);
  • Jezreel (person) – Jezreel (Judahite descent group); Jezreel (son of Hosea);
  • Jezreel (place) – Jezreel (town in the hills of Judah); Jezreel (valley of Jezreel)**; Jezreel (town on the southern border of Issachar);
  • Joah – Joah (son of Asaph); Joah (son of Zimmah); Joah (son of Obed-edom); Joah (father of Eden); Joah (son of Joahaz);
  • Joash – Joash (father of Gideon); Joash (son of Ahab); Joash (King of Judah 837-800 B.C.E.)**; Joash (King of Israel 800-785)**; Joash (of the Judahite genealogy of 1 Chr.); Joash (Benjaminite of 1 Chr.); Joash (archer who joined David at Ziklag); Joash (overseer of David's stores of oil);
  • Job, Book of or Book of Job – Composition and Structure*; Content and Movement**;
  • Jobab – Jobab (son of Joktan); Jobab (son of Zerah); Jobab (King of Madon defeated by Joshua); Jobab (son of Shaharaim); Jobab (son of Elpaal);
  • Joel – Joel (son of Samuel); Joel (prince of the tribe of Simeon); Joel (father of Shemaiah); Joel (chief of Gad); Joel (son of Azariah of Sam.); Joel (son of Izrahiah); Joel (brother of Nathan); Joel (cheif of the Gershomite Levites of the time of David); Joel (son of Ladan); Joel (son of Pedaiah); Joel (son of Azariah of 2 Chr.); Joel (son of Nebo); Joel (son of Zichri); Joel (prophet, son of Pethuel); Joel (archangel Joel);
  • Joha – Joha (son of Beriah); Joha (son of Shimri);
  • Johanan – Johanan (son of Kareah); Johanan (son of Josiah); Johanan (son of Elioenai); Johanan (son of Azariah); Johanan (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Johanan (Ephraimite chief, son of Azariah); Johanan (descendant of Azgad); Johanan (high priest of Neh.);
  • John – John (father of Matthias); John (son of Matthias); John (father of Eupolemus); John (John Hyrcanus I); John (John Hyrcanus II); John (envoy of 2 Mac.); John (John the Baptist); John (son of Zebedee); John (father of Peter); John (friend of Annas); John (John Mark, son of Mary); John (author of Revelation);
  • John, Gospel of or Gospel of John – Contents*; Authorship and Composition*; Date*; Readers*; Relationship to Other NT Books**; Theological Emphasis*;
    • John, Gospel of or Gospel of John – Relationship to Other NT Books – Synoptic Gospels*; Johannine Epistles*; Revelation*;
  • John, Letters of or Letters of John – 1 John**; 2 John*; 3 John*; Date and Location*;
  • John the Baptist – Sources*; Name*; Activity and Location**; Religious Message**; Followers*;
  • Joiada – Joiada (son of Paseah); Joiada (priest during the reign of Darius);
  • Joiarib – Joiarib (man of insight sent by Ezra); Joiarib (son of Zechariah); Joiarib (returning priest of Neh.);
  • Joktheel – Joktheel (town in the Shepelah); Joktheel (capital of Edomite territory);
  • Jonadab – Jonadab (son of Shimeah); Jonadab (son of Rechab);
  • Jonah, Book of or Book of Jonah – Jonah Called (1:1-3)*; Jonah Pursued (1:4-16)*; Jonah's Response to God's Deliverance (1:17-2:10 [MT 2:1-11])*; Nineveh and God Repent (3:1-10)*; A Theological Debate (4:1-11)*;
  • Jonathan – Jonathan (son of Gershom); Jonathan (son of Saul)**; Jonathan (son of Abiathar); Jonathan (son of Shammah); Jonathan (son of Jada); Jonathan (son of Shimei); Jonathan (son of Uzziah); Jonathan (uncle of King David); Jonathan (father of Ebed); Jonathan (son of Asahel); Jonathan (son of Joiada); Jonathan (priest of Neh.); Jonathan (son of Shemaiah); Jonathan (secretary of Jer.); Jonathan (son of Kareah); Jonathan (son of Mattathias)**; Jonathan (son of Absalom); Jonathan (priest of 2 Macc.);
  • Joram – Joram (son of King Toi of Hamath); Joram (contracted form of Jehoram); Joram (Levite descended from Eliezer);
  • Joseph – Joseph (son of Jacob)**; Joseph (father of Igal); Joseph (of the sons of Asaph); Joseph (descendant of Binnui); Joseph (returner of Neh.); Joseph (son of Oziel); Joseph (son of Zechariah); Joseph (brother of Judas Maccabeus); Joseph (husband of Mary)**; Joseph (brother of Jesus); Joseph (brother of James, son of Mary); Joseph of Arimathea**; Joseph (father of Jannai); Joseph (father of Judah); Joseph (disciple of Jesus called Barsabbas); Joseph (became Barnabas);
  • Joses – Joses (brother of Jesus); Joses (brother of James the younger);
  • Josaphat – Josaphat (of David's Thirty); Josaphat (trumpet blowing priest of 1 Chr.);
  • Joshua – Joshua (son of Nun)**; Joshua (man of 1 Sam.); Joshua (governor of Jerusalem of 2 Kings); Joshua (high priest); Joshua (person in Luke's genealogy of Jesus);
  • Joshua, Book of or Book of Joshua – Literary Characteristics**; Historical Features**;
  • Josiah – Josiah (son of Amon)**; Josiah (son of Zephaniah);
  • Jotham – Jotham (son of Gideon); Jotham (king of Judah)**; Jotham (son of Jahdai);
  • Jozabad – Jozabad (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (two men who joined David at Ziklag); Jozabad (a temple overseer under Hezekiah); Jozabad (Levite who contributed to Josiah's Passover); Jozabad (son of the priestly family of Passhur); Jozabad (son of Jeshua the Levite); Jozabad (Levite of Ezra); Jozabad (Levite of Neh.);
  • Judah – Judah (son of Jacob); Judah (tribe of Judah); Judah (ancestor of a family in Ezra); Judah (Levite who had married a foreign woman); Judah (son of Hassenuah); Judah (returner from exile); Judah (leader of Judah in Neh.); Judah (priest and musician of Neh.); Judah (ancestor of Jesus);
  • Judah, Kingdom of or Kingdom of Judah – History***;
    • Judah, Kingdom of or Kingdom of Judah – History – Sources*; David and Solomon**; Divided Kingdom*; Omride Dynasty*; Aramean Domination*; Assyrian Domination**; Egyptian and Babylonian Domination**;
  • Judas – Judas (son of Chalphi); Judas (son of Simon Maccabeus); Judas (writer to Aristobulus); Judas (brother of Jesus); Judas (disciple other than Iscariot, often identified with Thaddeus); Judas (Judas of Galilee); Judas (who hosted Paul after the Damascus incident); Judas (Judas Barsabbas);
  • Jude, Letter of or Letter of Jude – Literary Structure*; Sources*; The Opponents*; Date*; Authorship**; Destination*; Message*;
  • Judges, Book of or Book of Judges – Formation*; The Judges*; Contents**; Themes*; New Directions*;
    • Judges, Book of or Book of Judges – Contents – The Conquest (1:1-2:5)*; Exploits of the Judges (2:6-16:31)*; Appendices (17:1-21:25)*;
  • Judith – Judith (wife of Esau); Judith (of the Book of Judith);
  • Justus – Justus (surname of Joseph Barsabbas); Justus (Titius or Titus Justus); Justus (Jesus Justus);

K edit

  • Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea – Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (site in the northern Sinai)**; Kadesh or Kadesh-barnea (modern Tell Nebi Mind)*;
  • Kanah – Kanah (stream between Ephraim and Manasseh)*; Kanah (town in the territory of Asher)*;
  • Kedesh – Kedesh (city in Upper Galilee); Kedesh (town on the southern border of Judah); Kedesh (Levitical city of Issachar); Kedesh (town in southern Naphtali);
  • Kemuel – Kemuel (son of Nahor); Kemuel (son of Shiphtan); Kemuel (father of Hasabiah);
  • Kenaz or Kennizite – Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Eliphaz)*; Kenaz or Kennizite (brother of Caleb); Kenaz or Kennizite (son of Elah);
  • Kingdom of God or Kingdom of Heaven – Old Testament*; Apocalyptic and Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**; Conclusion*;
  • Kings, Books of or Books of Kings – Organization*; Contents*; History of Composition*; Ideology*; Issues in Recent study**;
  • Kir – Kir (place to which Tilgath-pileser III deported Aramaeans)*; Kir (city in Moab); Kir (apparently a city in southern Mesopotamia);
  • Kiriathaim – Kiriathaim (town east of the Jordan); Kiriathaim (city in the territory of Naphtali);
  • Kish (Person) – Kish (Benjaminite from Gibeah); Kish (son or descendant of Jeiel); Kish (Levite of the Merarite clan); Kish (son of Abdi); Kish (Benjaminite ancestor of Mordecai);
  • Kolaiah – Kolaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Kolaiah (father of Ahab);
  • Korah – Korah (son or grandson of Esau); Korah (son of Izhar); Korah (son of Hebron); Korah (descendant of the levitical Korah);
  • Kore – Kore (Levite of the line of Korah); Kore (son of Imnah);

L edit

  • L – L (material found only in the Gospel of Luke); L (symbol designating Codex Leningradensis B);
  • Lachish – Old Testament**; Other Sources*; Tel Lachish/Tell ed-Duweir**;
  • Ladan – Ladan (ancestor of Joshua); Ladan (of the lineage of Gershon);
  • Lamentations, Book of or Book of Lamentations – Genre*; Lyric and Lyric Structure*; Contents**;
  • Land – Agriculture**; Nationhood**; Worship**;
  • Last Supper – Form of the Accounts**; Meaning**;
  • Law – Law Codes**; Judicial System**; Police Power**;
  • Levi – Levi (ancestor of the Levites)*; Levi (ancestor of Jesus); Levi (disciple known as Matthew); Levi (father of Matthat);
  • Leviticus, Book of or Book of Leviticus – Dating and Provenance**; Anthropological Perspectives*; Animal Sacrifice**; Holiness and Purity**; Historical Note*;
  • Libnah – Libnah (place in the Sinai Peninsula mentioned in Num.); Libnah (city conquered by Joshua)*;
  • Libni – Libni (son of Gershon); Libni (Levite descendant of Merari);
  • Literature, New Testament as or New Testament as literature – Sayings of Jesus**; Narratives**; Letters*;
  • Lord's Supper – Paul**; Matthew and Mark**; Luke**; Other Traditions*; Conclusion*;
  • Love – Secular Human Relations**; Divine-Human Relationships**;
    • Love – Divine-Human Relationships – Torah**; Prophets**; Synoptic Gospels**; Johannine Writings*; Pauline Letters**;
  • Lucius – Lucius of Cyrene; Lucius (relative of Paul); Lucius Caecilius Metullus;
  • Luz – Luz (site of Jacob's ladder dream)*; Luz (in Judges)*;
  • Lysimachus – Lysimachus (general of Alexander the Great)*; Lysimachus (brother of Simon and Menelaus)*; Lysimachus (son of Ptolemy of Jerusalem)*; Lysimachus (author of an anti-Semitic history)*;

M edit

  • Maacah (person) – Maacah (child of Nahor); Maacah (mother of Absalom); Maacah (father of Achish); Maacah (wife of Rehoboam); Maacah (concubine of Caleb); Maacah (sister or wife of Machir); Maacah (wife of Jehiel); Maacah (father of Hanun); Maacah (father of Shepatiah);
  • Maasheiah or Asaiah – Maasheiah or Asaiah (Levite of the second order of 1 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (lute player of 1 Chr., maybe identical to previous); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Adaiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (officer under Hananiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (deputy or son of Ahaz of 2 Chr.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (governor of Jerusalem); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Jeshua); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the priestly family of Harim); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest of the family of Pahhur); Maasheiah or Asaiah (member of the family of Pahath-moab); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Azariah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (person who stood at Ezra's right hand as he read the Torah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (Israelite who read the Torah in Hebrew); Maasheiah or Asaiah (a chief of the people and sealer of the covenant of Nehemiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Baruch); Maasheiah or Asaiah (ancestor of Sallu); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who played the trumpet in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (priest who took part in the dedication in Neh.); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zephaniah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (father of Zedekiah); Maasheiah or Asaiah (son of Shallum);
  • Maaziah – Maaziah (founder of division of priests in 1 Chr.); Maaziah (priest who sealed the covenant in Neh.);
  • Maccabees, First and Second Books of or First and Second Books of Maccabees – Historical Background**; 1 Maccabees**; 2 Maccabees**;
  • Maccabees, Third and Fourth Books of or Third and Fourth Books of Maccabees – 3 Maccabees**; 4 Maccabees**;
  • Machir – Machir (son of Manasseh)**; Machir (son of Ammiel);
  • Magic – Ancient Mediterranean and Near East*; Old Testament**; New Testament and Early Christian Texts**;
  • Mahalalel or Mahalaleel – Malalalel or Mahalaleel (son of Kenan); Malalalel or Mahalaleel (Judahite of the family of Perez);
  • Mahalath or Basemoth – Mahalath or Basemoth (daughter of Ishmael); Mahalath or Basemoth (wife of Rehoboam); Mahalath or Basemoth (cryptic term in Psalms)*;
  • Mahath – Mahath (son of Amasai of 1 Chr.); Mahath (son of Amasai of 2 Chr.);
  • Mahlah – Mahlah (daughter of Zelophebad); Mahlah (child of Hammolecheth);
  • Mahli – Mahli (son of Merari); Mahli (son of Mushi);
  • Malachi, Book of or Book of Malachi – Date*; Historical Background*; Authorship**; Genre*; Outline and Message**;
    • Malachi, Book of or Book of Malachi – Outline and Message – 1:2-5 God's Love for Israel*; 1:6-2:9 Pollution by the Priests*; 2:10-16 Unfaithfulness within the Community*; 2:17-3:5 – Cleansing of the Community*; 3:6-12 Paying for Cultic Services*; 3:13-4:3 (3:21) Hope for the Community*; 4:4-6 (3:22-24) Living in the Community*;
  • Malchiah – Malchiah (father of Pashur); Malchiah (member of Judah's royal family in Jer.);
  • Malchijah – Malchijah (Gershomite Levite of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Aaron of 1 Chr.); Malchijah (descendant of Purosh in Ezra); Malchijah (descendant of Harim in Ezra); Malchijah (son of Harim in Neh.); Malchijah (ruler of Beth-hakkerem); Malchijah (goldsmith in Neh.); Malchijah (man who stood with Ezra when he read the Torah); Malchijah (priest and signer of Ezra's covenant); Malchijah (priest in the choir in Neh.);
  • Malluch – Malluch (ancestor of Ethan in 1 Chr.); Malluch (of the sons of Bani); Malluch (of the sons of Harim); Malluch (priest involved in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Malluch (one of the chiefs of the people who signed the covenant of Neh.); Malluch (priest who returned with Zerubabbel);
  • Manasseh – Manasseh (son of Joseph and Asenath)**; Manasseh (king of Judah)**; Manasseh (son of Pahathmoab); Manasseh (son of Hashum); Manasseh (son of Addi); Manasseh (husband of Judith);
  • Maon (place) – Maon (town in the hill country of Judah)**; Maon (now Khirbet el-Ma'in)*;
  • Mareshah (person) – Mareshah (son of Caleb); Mareshah (son of Laadah);
  • Mari – History**; Texts**; Relationship to the Bible**;
  • Mary – Mary (mother of Jesus)**; Mary Magdalene**; Mary of Bethany*; Mary the mother of James and Joseph*; Mary wife of Cleopas*; Mary the mother of John Mark*; Mary of Rome*;
  • Massa – Massa (son of Ishmael); Massa (term in Proverbs);
  • Matriarchs – Sarah**; Rebekah**; Leah and Rachel**;
  • Mattan – Mattan (priest of Baal); Mattan (father of Shephatiah);
  • Mattaniah – Mattaniah (last king of Judah); Mattaniah (of the sons of Heman); Mattaniah (ancestor of Jahaziel); Mattaniah (Levite of the time of Hezekiah); Mattaniah (of the clan of Elam); Mattaniah (of the clan of Zattu); Mattaniah (of the clan of Pahath-moab); Mattaniah (of the clan of Bani); Mattaniah (son of Mica or Micaiah); Mattaniah (grandfather of Hana ben Zaccur);
  • Mattathias – Mattathias (priest of the order of Jehoiarib); Mattathias (son of Absalom); Mattathias (son of Simon); Mattathias (envoy sent by Judas Maccabeus); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:25); Mattathias (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:26);
  • Mattenai – Mattenai (of the sons of Hashum); Mattenai (of the sons of Bani); Mattenai (of the priestly house of Joiarib);
  • Matthat – Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:24); Matthat (ancestor of Jesus in Luke 3:29);
  • Mattithiah – Mattithiah (son of Shallum); Mattithiah (Levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.); Mattithiah (son of Nebo); Mattithiah (Israelite who accompanied Ezra);
  • Mehetabel – Mehetabel (wife of Hadar); Mehetabel (ancestor of Shemaiah);
  • Melchizedek – Genesis 14*; Psalm 110*;
  • Mephibosheth – Mephibosheth (son of Saul)*; Mephibosheth (grandson of Saul)*;
  • Meraioth or Meremoth – Meraioth or Meremoth (Levite descendant of Aaron); Meraioth or Meremoth (son of Ahitub); Meraioth or Meremoth (priestly family headed by Helkai at the time of Joiakim);
  • Merari – Merari (son of Levi)**; Merari (father of Judith);
  • Meremoth – Meremoth (son of Uriah); Meremoth (of the sons of Bani); Meremoth (son of Uriah, grandson of Hakkoz); Meremoth (priest who returned from exile);
  • Mesha (person) – Mesha (king of Moab)**; Mesha (son of Caleb); Mesha (son of Shaharaim);
  • Meshech – Meshech (son of Japheth); Meshech (son of Shem);
  • Meshillemoth or Meshillemith – Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (father of Berechiah); Meshillemoth or Meshillemith (descendant of Immer);
  • Meshullam – Meshullam (grandfather of Shaphan); Meshullam (son of Zerubbabel); Meshullam (head of a Gadite clan in 1 Chr.); Meshullam (son of Elpaal); Meshullam (father of Sallu); Meshullam (son of Shephatiah); Meshullam (father of Hilkiah); Meshullam (father of Jahzerah); Meshullam (Kohathite appointed by Josiah in 2 Chr.); Meshullam ("leader" sent by Ezra); Meshullam (who opposed Ezra's policy of divorce); Meshullam (son of Bani); Meshullam (son of Berechiah); Meshullam (son of Besodeiah); Meshullam (who stood at Ezra's left hand during the reading of the Torah); Meshullam (priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (chief of the people who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ezra in Neh.); Meshullam (head of the priestly house of Ginnethon in Neh.); Meshullam (gatekeeper in Neh.); Meshullam (who was in the procession in Neh.);
  • Messiah – Eschatological Variety**; Common Themes**;
  • Mibsam – Mibsam (son of Ishmael); Mibsam (son of Shallum);
  • Mica – Mica (son of Mephibosheth); Mica (father of Mattaniah); Mica (Levite in the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mica (father of Mattaniah and ancestor of Uzzi);
  • Micah – Micah (man in Judg.); Micah (son of Shimei); Micah (son of Meribbaal); Micah (son of Uzziel); Micah (father of Abdon); Micah of Moresheth;
  • Micah, Book of or Book of Micah – Content**; Criticial Considerations**;
  • Micaiah or Maacah or Micah – Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Imlah)**; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (father of Achibor); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (wife of Rehoboam); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (official sent to teach Judah in 2 Chr.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (ancestor of Zechariah)*; Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (trumpeting priest in Neh.); Micaiah or Maacah or Micah (son of Gemeriah);
  • Michael – Michael (father of Sethur); Michael (Gadite in 1 Chr.); Michael (ancestor of Abihail); Michael (Levite ancestor of Asaph); Michael (descendant of Uzzi); Michael (of the sons of Beraiah); Michael (who joined David at Ziklag); Michael (father of Omri); Michael (son of Jehoshaphat); Michael (father of Zebediah); Michael (archangel);
  • Migdol – Migdol (town on the route of the Exodus); Migdol (town in Egypt in Jer.); Migdol (place in north Egypt);
  • Mijamin – Mijamin (leader of the sixth division of priest at the time of David); Mijamin (divorcing Israelite in Ezra); Mijamin (priest at the sealing of the covenant in Neh.); Mijamin (chief of priests returning from exile in Neh.);
  • Mikloth – Mikloth (father of Shimeah in 1 Chr.); Mikloth (chief officer under Dodai the Ahohite);
  • Milcah – Milcah (daughter of Haran); Milcah (daughter of Zelophehad);
  • Millo – Millo (fortification or construction in Jerusalem at an unknown location)*; Millo (construction of Solomon)*; House of the Millo; Beth-millo;
  • Miniamin – Miniamin (Levite of 2 Chr.); Miniamin (priestly house in Neh.); Miniamin (priest and musician in Neh.);
  • Miriam – Miriam (prophetess of Exodus)**; Miriam (descendant of Ezrah in 1 Chr.);
  • Mishael – Mishael (son of Uzziel); Mishael (who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Torah); Mishael (alternate name of Meshach, companion of Daniel)*;
  • Mishma – Mishma (son of Ishmael); Mishma (son of Mibsam);
  • Mithredath or Mithridates – Mithredath or Mithridates (treasure of King Cyrus of Persia); Mithredath or Mithridates (Persian official who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem);
  • Mizpah or Mizpeh – Mizpah of Gilead; Mizpah or Mizpeh (land or valley of Mizpah); Mizpeh of Judah; Mizpeh of Moab; Mizpah of Benjamin**;
  • Monotheism – Ancient Near East**; Ancient Israel*; New Testament*;
  • Mordecai – Mordecai (character in the Book of Esther)*; Mordecai (returning Israelite);
  • Moreh – Moreh (terebinth or oak tree near Shechem); Moreh (hill in the Jezreel Valley);
  • Moriah – Moriah (land of Moriah); Mt. Moriah;
  • Mortar – Mortar (of pestle); Mortar (plastic building material);
  • Moses – Biblical Accounts**; History**;
  • Moza – Moza (son of Caleb); Moza (son of Zimri);
  • Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara – Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (on the western side of Mt. Carmel)*; Mughara, Wadi el- or Wadi el-Mughara (in the southwestern Sinai)*;
  • Music or Musical instruments – Old Testament**; New Testament**;
    • Music or Musical instruments – Old Testament - bĕkōl ‘ăsê bĕrôšîm*; hālîl*; hăsōsĕrâ*; kinnôr*; mĕna‘an‘îm*; mĕsiltayim or selsĕlim*; nēbel or nēbel ‘āśôr*; pa‘ămôn*; šôpār*; qeren hayyôbēl*; tōp*; ‘ûgāb*; Daniel*; Collective terms*; Superscriptions to the Psalms*;

N edit

  • Naamah (person) – Naamah (daughter of Lamech); Naamah (wife of Solomon);
  • Naaman – Naaman (son of Benjamin); Naaman (son of Bela); Naaman (son of Ehud); Naaman (commander of the Aramean army in 2 Kgs.);
  • Nadab – Nadab (son of Aaron); Nadab (son of Jeroboam I); Nadab (son of Shammai); Nadab (son of Jeiel); Nadab (relative of Ahiqar);
  • Nag Hammadi – Discovery of the Codices*; Contents**; Significance for Ancient Religion and Philosophy**; Significance for the NT and Early Christian Literature**;
  • Nahash – Nahash (king of Ammon)*; Nahash (sister of Zeruiah);
  • Nahath – Nahath (son of Reuel); Nahath (descendant of Levi); Nahath (assistant of Hezekiah);
  • Nahor (person) – Nahor (son of Serug); Nahor (son of Terah);
  • Nahum – Nahum (1 of the 12 minor prophets); Nahum (father of Amos);
  • Names and Naming – Types of Names*; Name-givers**;
  • Nathan – Nathan (son of David)*; Nathan (prophet at the time of David)**; Nathan (father of Igal); Nathan (father of Azariah); Nathan (son of Attai); Nathan (sent by Ezra to Iddo);
  • Nathanael – Nathanael (ancestor of Judith); Nathanael (priest in 1 Esd.); Nathanael (Israelite in the Gospel of John);
  • Neariah – Neariah (sonof Shemaiah); Neariah (son of Ishi);
  • Nebo (place) – Nebo (town allotted to Reuben); Nebo (town in western Palestine settled in postexilic period);
  • Nehemiah – Nehemiah (a leader of the return); Nehemiah (son of Hacaliah); Nehemiah (son of Azbuk);
  • Nehemiah, Book of or Book of Nehemiah – Name and Canonical Setting*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Sources**; The Order of the Reformers**; Nehemiah, the Person**;
  • Nekoda – Nekoda (head of returning family of temple servants); Nekoda (head of returning family unable to prove their Israelite ancestry);
  • Nemuel – Nemuel (brother of Dathan); Nemuel (ancestor of the Nemuelites);
  • Nepheg – Nepheg (son of Izhar); Nepheg (son of David);
  • Nethanel – Nethanel (son of Zuar); Nethanel (son of Jesse); Nethanel (one of seven trumpeting priests in 1 Chr.); Nethanel (father of Shemaiah); Nethanel (son of Obed-edom); Nethanel (officer of Jehoshaphat sent to Judah to teach); Nethanel (brother of Shemaiah); Nethanel (of the family of Pashhur); Nethanel (head of the family of Jedaiah); Nethanel (Levite singer at the dedication in Neh.);
  • Nethaniah – Nethaniah (father of Ishmael); Nethaniah (Levite of the line of Asaph in 1 Chr.); Nethaniah (Levite sent to Judah by Jehoshaphat); Nethaniah (father of Jehudi);
  • Nicanor – Nicanor (a commander sent by Lysius to Judah Maccabeus); Nicanor (one of seven overseers of food distribution in Acts);
  • Noadiah – Noadiah (son of Binnui); Noadiah (prophetess in Neh.);
  • Noah – Name*; Genealogy*; The Story of Noah**; Significance*; Later References*;
  • Nobah (place) – Nobah (region in Gilead); Nobah (city in eastern Gilead);
  • Numbers – Symbolic numbers**;
  • Numbers, Book of or Book of Numbers – Name*; Structure*; Composition**; Historical Value*; Theological Themes**;

O edit

  • Obadiah – Obadiah (steward of King Ahab's household)*; Obadiah (postexilic descendant of David); Obadiah (son of Izariah); Obadiah (son of Azel); Obadiah (Levite among the first returners to Jerusalem); Obadiah (Gadite who joined David at Ziklag); Obadiah (father of Ishmaiah); Obadiah (prince commissioned to teach in Judah); Obadiah (Merarite Levite of 2 Chr.); Obadiah (head of family of returners in Ezra); Obadiah (leader who sealed covenant of Neh.); Obadiah (gatekeeper in Neh.); Obadiah (Obadiah the prophet);
  • Obadiah, Book of or Book of Obadiah – Text*; Style*; Composition*; Biblical Parallels*; Date and Historical Setting*; Structure and Genre*; Contents*;
  • Obed – Obed (son of Ruth); Obed (son of Ephlal); Obed (one of David's mighty men); Obed (son of Shemaiah); Obed (father of Azariah); Obed (son of Jonathan);
  • Obed-edom – Obed-edom (Gidite whose house David put the Ark in); Obed-edom (son of Jeduthun); Obed-edom (son of Korah); Obed-edom (custodian of temple treasures in 2 Chr.);
  • Oded – Oded (father of Azariah); Oded (prophet of Samaria in 2 Chr.);
  • Oholibamah – Oholibamah (wife of Esau); Oholibamah (chief of an Edomite clan);
  • Omer – Omer (unit of dry measure); Omer (sheaf of grain);
  • Omri – Omri (founder of Omride dynasty)**; Omri (son of Becher); Omri (Jerusalemite of 1 Chr.); Omri (Issacharite tribal leader of 1 Chr.);
  • Onam – Onam (Son of Shobal); Onam (son of Jerahmeel);
  • Onias – Onias I; Onias II; Onias III; Onias IV; Onias V;
  • Ophrah (place) – Ophrah (city in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Ophrah (Ophrah of Abiezer);
  • Ozem – Ozem (son of Jesse); Ozem (son of Jerahmeel);

P edit

  • Palestine, Land of or Land of Palestine – Name and Definition**; Physical Description***; Climate**;
    • Palestine, Land or or Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain**; Central Range**; “Rift” Valley**; Transjordan**;
      • Palestine, Land of or Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Coastal Plain – Pheonicia**; Sharon Plain**; Philistia**;
      • Palestine, Land of or Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Central Range – Lebanon*; Galilee*; Jezreel*; Samaria**; Jerusalem*; Mt. Judah*; Shephelah*; Wilderness of Judah*; Negeb**;
      • Palestine, Land of or Land of Palestine – Physical Description - “Rift” Valley – Beqa‘*; Mt. Hermon*; Hûleh Valley**; Sea of Galilee*; Jordan River*; Dead Sea*; Southern Arabah*; Reed Sea*;
      • Palestine, Land of or Land of Palestine – Physical Description – Transjordan – Bashan*; Gilead*; Ammon*; Moab*; Edom*;
  • Palti or Paltiel – Palti or Paltiel (son of Raphu); Palti or Paltiel (son of Laish);
  • Parosh – Parosh (Israelite ancestor of returners); Parosh (chief who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
  • Paseah – Paseah (priest and son of Malchiah); Paseah (head of priestly family of returners); Paseah (postexilic priest who attached his name to the covenant of Neh.); Paseah (son of Immer); Paseah (son of Malchiah);
  • Patriarchs – History and Genre*; Literary Considerations*; Theological Significance*;
  • Paul – Sources*; “Pre-Christian” Period**; Apostleship**; Later Writer**; Chronology*; Theologizer**;
  • Pedaiah – Pedaiah (maternal grandfather of Jehoiakim); Pedaiah (son of Jeconiah); Pedaiah (father of Joel); Pedaiah (son of Parosh); Pedaiah (man who stood at Ezra's left hand at the reading of the Law); Pedaiah (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in Neh.); Pedaiah (Levite appointed to administer tithes);
  • Pelaiah – Pelaiah (son of Elioenai); Pelaiah (Levite who interpreted the Law in Neh.);
  • Pelatiah – Pelatiah (son of Hananiah); Pelatiah (son of Jahi); Pelatiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Pelatiah (son of Benaiah);
  • Pelet – Pelet (son of Jahdai); Pelet (son of Azmaveth);
  • Pentateuch – Textual Transmission**; Literary Sources**; Unity and Diversity*;
  • Penuel – Penuel (son of Hur); Penuel (son of Shashak);
  • Persia – Geography*; History***; Religion**;
    • Persia – History – Early period**; Persian Empire**; Post-Achaemenid Persia**;
  • Peter, First Letter of or First Letter of Peter – Recipients*; Author*; Purpose*; Form and Structure**; Theology*;
  • Peter, Second Letter of or Second Letter of Peter – Literary Structure**; Literary Relationships**; The Opponents**; Theological Character*; Date*; Authorship and Pseudonymity**;
  • Pethahiah – Pethahiah (leader of the nineteenth priestly division at the time of David); Pethahiah (divorcing Levite of the time of Ezra); Pethahiah (Levite in the corporate confession of sins of Ezra); Pethahiah (son of Meshezabel);
  • Philadelphia – Philadelphia (city in the Roman province of Asia)**; Philadelphia (of the Decapolis, now Amman);
  • Philemon, Letter to or Letter to Philemon – Structure*; Contents**; Purpose*;
  • Philip – Philip II of Macedon; Philip V of Macedon; Philip the Phrygian (governor of Jerusalem); Philip the Tetrarch; Herod (Philip?), son of Herod and Mariamme II; Philip the Apostle**;
  • Phinehas – Phinehas (son of Eleazar); Phinehas (son of Eli); Phinehas (father of a postexilic priest in Ezra);
  • Phoenicia – People and Language*; Religion**; Society and Its Values*;
    • Phoenicia – Religion – Gods**; Temple**; Temple Personnel*; Daily Sacred Liturgy*; Sacrifice*; Child Sacrifice**; Death and the Underworld*;
  • Plague – Plagues of Egypt**;
  • Plants – Field Crops and Garden Plants**; Waterway Plants*; Wilderness Plants*; Thorns and Thistles*; Flowers of the Field*;
  • Pottery – Stylistic Characteristics**; Ceramic Types**;
    • Pottery – Ceramic Types – Pottery Neolithic Period (ca. 6000-4000 B.C.E.)*; Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4000-3300)*; Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300-2000)*; Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1500)*; Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500-1200)*; Iron Age (ca. 1200-586)*; Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Periods (ca. 586 B.C.E.-640 C.E.)*;
  • Priesthood, Israelite or Israelite Priesthood – Duties**; History and Development**;
  • Prophet or Prophecy – Social Role**; Conceptual World*; Historicity**; Literary Considerations**; The “End” of Prophecy*;
  • Proverbs, Book of or Book of Proverbs – Date*; The Individual Sections**; Theological Themes**;
    • Proverbs, Book of or Book of Proverbs – The Individual Sections – 1:1-7*; 1:8-9:18*; 10:1-22:16*; 22:17-24:22*; 24:23-24*; 25:1-29:27*; 30:1-31:31*;
  • Ptolemy – Ptolemy I Soter; Ptolemy II Philadelphus; Ptolemy III Euregetes I; Ptolemy IV Philopator; Ptolemy V Theos Epiphanes; Ptolemy VI Philometor; Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator; Ptolemy VIII Euregetes II; Ptolemy IX Soter II; Ptolemy X Alexander I; Ptolemy XI Alexander II; Ptolemy XII Neo Dionysys; Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy XIV; Ptolemy XV Caesar; Ptolemy (son of Dositheus); Ptolemy (son of Abubus); Ptolemy Marcon;
  • Puah – Puah (midwife of Exodus); Puah (father of Tola); Puah (descendant of Issachar);

R edit

  • Rabbah – Rabbah (city of Judah); Rabbah (modern Amman)**;
  • Raguel – Raguel (father of Sarah); Raguel (archangel);
  • Rahab – Rahab (prostitute in Josh.)*; Rahab (mother of Salmon); Rahab (dragon defeated by Yahweh in Job)*; Rahab (poetic name for Egypt);
  • Ram (person) – Ram (son of Hezron); Ram (son of Jerahmeel); Ram (ancestor of Elihu);
  • Ramah – Ramah (town allotted to Benjamin); Ramah (Ramah of the Negeb); Ramah (village near the border of Asher); Ramah (fortified city of Naphtali); Ramah (hometown of Samuel); Ramah (shortened form of name of Ramoth-gilead);
  • Rameses (person) – Rameses I*; Rameses II*; Rameses III*; Rameses IV; Rameses V; Rameses VI; Rameses VII; Rameses VIII; Rameses IX; Rameses X; Rameses XI;
  • Ramoth – Ramoth (Ramoth in Gilead); Ramoth (Ramoth of the Negeb); Ramoth (levitical city in the tribal territory of Issachar);
  • Reaiah or Haroeh – Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Shobal); Reaiah or Haroeh (son of Micah); Reaiah or Haroeh (temple servant, ancestor of returners);
  • Rechab – Rechab (son of Rimmon); Rechab (father of Jehonadab); Rechab (father of Malchijah);
  • Rehob (person) – Rehob (father of Hadadezer); Rehob (Levite who sealed the covenant of Neh.);
  • Rehob (place) – Rehob (place in extreme northern Canaan); Rehob (town allotted to Asher); Rehob (another town allotted to Asher); Rehob (principal city of the Beth-shean Valley);
  • Rehoboth – Rehoboth (well dug in Gesar in Genesis); Rehoboth ha-Nahar;
  • Rehum – Rehum (leader who accompanied Zerubbabel back to Judea); Rehum (Persian officer who wrote a letter to Xerxes); Rehum (son of Bani); Rehum (leader who signed a long petition in Neh.); Rehum (priest and Levite returner);
  • Rekem (person) – Rekem (one of five kings of Midian); Rekem (son of Hebron); Rekem (grandson of Machir);
  • Rephaiah or Raphah – Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Zerubbabel); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Ishi); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Tola); Rephaiah or Raphah (descendant of Saul); Rephaiah or Raphah (son of Hur);
  • Rephaim – Old Testament*; Ugaritic Texts**;
  • Resurrection – Old Testament*; Intertestamental Literature*; New Testament**;
  • Reuel – Reuel (son of Keturah); Reuel (son of Esau); Reuel (father of Hobab); Reuel (father of Eliasaph); Reuel (son of Ibnijah);
  • Revelation – Old Testament*; Postbiblical Jewish literature**; New Testament*;
  • Revelation, Book of or Book of Revelation – Genre*; Authorship**; Date*; Purpose and Setting*; Sources and Integrity*; Structure**;
  • Rezin – Rezin (last king of Aram before the fall to the Assyrians)*; Rezin (family in Ezra);
  • Rimmon (place) – Rimmon (city of En-rimmon); Rimmon (levitical city assigned to the Merarites); Rimmon (outcropping of rocks to which Benjaminites fled in Judg.);
  • Romans, Letter to the or Letter to the Romans – Author, Date, Place*; Text*; Circumstances and Purposes**; Genre and Other Proposals*; Outline**; Reading Romans*;
  • Rome – Environment*; Origins to the End of the Monarchy (753-509 B.C.E.)**; Republic (509-27 B.C.E.)**; Empire (27 B.C.E.-476 C.E.)**;
  • Rufus – Rufus (son of Simon the Cyrene); Rufus (greeted by Paul in Rom. 16:13);

S edit

  • Sachar – Sachar (father of Ahiham); Sachar (son of Obed-edom);
  • Sacrifices and Offerings – Priestly Source**; Prophetic Critique**;
    • Sacrifices and Offerings – Priestly Source – Sinai Narrative*; Laws for Sacrifice*; Basic Types of Animal Sacrifice**;
      • Sacrifices and Offerings – Priestly Source – Basic Types of Animal Sacrifice – Burnt offering*; Peace offering (Lev. 3)*; Purification offering (Lev. 4)*; Atonement and Sacrifice*;
  • Sallai – Sallai (Benjaminite returner); Sallai (priestly family at the time of Joiakim);
  • Sallu – Sallu (Benjaminite in Jerusalem in 1 Chr.); Sallu (postexilic priestly family);
  • Salma – Salma (father of Boaz in 1 Chr. 2;11); Salma (son of Hur);
  • Salome – Salome (sister of Herod); Salome (daughter of Herod); Salome (follower of Jesus);
  • Samaria – Region**; City**; History**;
  • Samuel, Books of or Books of Samuel – Contents and Plot*; Text*; Authorship*; Succession Narrative*; Historical Reliability and Genre**; New Literary Criticism*; Canonical Shaping*; Post-Colonial Interpretation; Feminist, Racialist, Sexual Orientation Criticism*; Message**;
  • Sarah – Sarah (wife of Abram)**; Sara (daughter of Raguel);
  • Segub – Segub (son of Hezron); Segub (son of Hiel);
  • Seir (place) – Seir (plateau in Edom); Seir (mountain on the northern border of Judah);
  • Sela – Sela (site on the Amorite border); Sela (Edomite settlement conquered by Amaziah of Judah); Sela (place mentioned in Isa. 16:1); Sela (place named in Isa. 42:11);
  • Seleucus – Seleucus I Nicator*; Seleucus II Callinicus*; Seleucus III*; Seleucus IV Philopator*;
  • Semites or Semitic Languages – Semitic Languages**; New Testament*;
  • Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha - Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (royal secretary under David); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (chief priest of the temple in 587/586 BCE); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Tanhumeth); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Kenaz); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Asiel); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (returner from exile); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (a priest who sealed the covenant of Neh.); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (postexilic priest in Neh. 11:11); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (one of the “chiefs of the priest” in Neh. 12:1); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (official of King Jehoiakim); Seraiah or Azariah or Shavsha or Sheva or Shisha (son of Neriah);
  • Servant of the Lord – Second Isaiah**; Second Temple Judaism*; New Testament*;
  • Settlement: Archaeology – Conventional Models**; New Models**; Toward a Theological Rationalization?*;
  • Shaaph – Shaaph (son of Jahdai); Shaaph (son of Maacah);
  • Shaaraim – Shaaraim (town in the Shephelah lowland)*; Shaaraim (Negeb town in the allotment of Simeon)*;
  • Shabbethai – Shabbethai (of Ezra 10:15); Shabbethai (of Neh. 8:7); Shabbethai (of Neh. 11:16);
  • Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem – Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (King who overthrew Zechariah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (husband of Huldah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Judah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Josiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (descendant of Simeon); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Zadok); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Naphtali); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (returner and gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Jehizkiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (divorcing levitical gatekeeper); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (of the sons of Bannui); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Hallohesh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (son of Col-hozeh); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (father of Maaseiah); Shallum or Meshullam or Shillem (uncle of Jeremiah);
  • Shalmaneser – Shalmaneser I; Shalmaneser II; Shalmaneser III**; Shalmaneser IV; Shalmaneser V*;
  • Shamir (place) – Shamir (town of Judah); Shamir (town in Ephraim);
  • Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth - Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (descendant of Esau); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (son of Jesse); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (of David's Mighty Men); Shammah or Shimea or Shimeah or Shimel or Shammoth (Shammah of Harod);
  • Shammai – Shammai (son of Onam); Shammai (son of Rekem); Shammai (son of Mered);
  • Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea – Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of Zaccur); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (son of David); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (father of Abda); Shammua or Shemaiah or Shimea (head of family of Bilgah in Neh.);
  • Shaphan – Shaphan (son of Aziliah); Shaphan (father of Jaazaniah);
  • Shaphat – Shaphat (son of Hori); Shaphat (father of Elisha); Shaphat (son of Shemaiah); Shaphat (son of Abihail); Shaphat (son of Adlai);
  • Sharezer – Sharezer (son of Sennacherib); Sharezer (emissaries sent to Bethel in 518);
  • Shaul – Shaul (early Edomite king); Shaul (son of Simeon); Shaul (son of Uzziah);
  • Sheba (person) – Sheba (son of Raamah); Sheba (son of Joktan); Sheba (son of Jokshan); Sheba (son of Bichri); Sheba (descendant of Gad);
  • Sheba (place) – Sheba (town in Josh. 19:2-6); Sheba (country of Arabia);
  • Shebaniah – Shebaniah (trumpet blowing priest in 1 Chr.); Shebaniah (leader in praise and confession in Neh.); Shebaniah (postexilic priestly house led by Joseph at the time of Joiakim); Shebaniah (a Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.); Shebaniah (another Levite signer of the covenant in Neh.);
  • Shebuel or Shubael – Shebuel or Shubael (Levite of the sons of Gershom); Shebuel or Shubael (son of Heman);
  • Shecaniah – Shecaniah (father of Shemaiah); Shecaniah (priest, head of the 10th division in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (Levite under Hezekiah in 1 Chr.); Shecaniah (son of Jahaziel); Shecaniah (son of Jehiel); Shecaniah (father of Shmaiah, gatekeeper in Neh.); Shecaniah (son of Arah); Shecaniah (returning priest in Neh.);
  • Shechem (person) – Shechem (son of Hamor); Shechem (descendant of Manasseh); Shechem (son of Shemida);
  • Shechem (place) – Excavation*; Settlement History**;
  • Shelah – Shelah (son of Arpachshad or Arphaxad); Shelah (son of Judah the patriarch);
  • Shelemiah – Shelemiah (grandson of Asaph): Shelemiah (descandant of Bahi who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (another descendant of Bani who married a foreign woman): Shelemiah (father of Hananiah): Shelemiah (priest Nehemiah put in charge of the temple storerooms): Shelemiah (son of Cushi): Shelemiah (man sent by Jehoiakim to arrest Baruch and Jeremiah): Shelemiah (father of Jehucal or Jucal): Shelemiah (son of Hananiah in Jer.):
  • Shelomith – Shelomith (daughter of Dibri); Shelomith (daughter of Zerubbabel); Shelomith (son of Shimei); Shelomith (son of Izhar); Shelomith (child of Rehabeam); Shelomith (son of Josiphiah);
  • Shelomoth – Shelomoth (son of Shimei); Shelomoth (son of Izhar); Shelomoth (sonof Zichri);
  • Shema (person) – Shema (son of Hebron); Shema (son of Joel); Shema (son of Elpaal); Shema (lay leader who stood at Ezra's right hand at the reading of the Law);
  • Shemaiah or Shammua – Shemaiah or Shammua (Judean prophet after the death of Solomon); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shechaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of the tribe of Simeon); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the tribe of Reuben); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Hasshub); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Obadiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (descendant of Elizaphan); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Nethanel); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Obed-edom); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to teach in Judah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Jeduthun); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite of the time of Hezekiah who helped distribute freewill offering and gifts in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of the Levites who helped contribute 5000 sheep and goats to an offering in 2 Chr.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Adonikam); Shemaiah or Shammua (a leader of those who returned from exile); Shemaiah or Shammua (priest of the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (Israelite from the family of Harim in Ezra); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Shecaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Delaiah); Shemaiah or Shammua (a priest who signed the binding agreement with Nehemiah and the leaders of the nation); Shemaiah or Shammua (leader of Judah who participated in the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (son of Mattaniah); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite musician at the dedication of the walls in Neh.); Shemaiah or Shammua (Levite who accompanied Nehemiah in the procession at the dedication of the walls); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Uriah); Shemaiah or Shammua (false prophet in Jer.); Shemaiah or Shammua (father of Delaiah);
  • Shemariah – Shemariah (Benjaminite who joined David at Ziklag); Shemariah (son of Rehoboam); Shemariah (divorcing Israelite of the sons of Harim); Shemariah (divorcing son of Binnui);
  • Shemer or Shomer – Shemer or Shomer (owner of a hill Omri purchased in 1 Kgs.); Shemer or Shomer (son of Mahli); Shemer or Shomer (Asherite in 1 Chr.);
  • Shemiramoth – Shemiramoth (harp player in 1 Chr.); Shemiramoth (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judah);
  • Shemuel – Shemuel (representative of Simeon in the division of Canaan in Num.); Shemuel (son of Tola);
  • Shephatiah – Shephatiah (son of David); Shephatiah (anchestor of returning Benjaminite exiles); Shephatiah (Haruphite of the tribe of Benjamin in 1 Chr.); Shephatiah (son of Maacah); Shephatiah (son of Jehosphaphat); Shephatiah (ancestor of two groups of returning exiles); Shephatiah (servant of Solomon and ancestor of returners); Shephatiah (Judahite ancestor of Jerusalemites after the Exile); Shephatiah (prince of Judah in Jer.);
  • Sherebiah – Sherebiah (“man of discretion” in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite interpreter of the Book in Ezra); Sherebiah (Levite who sealed the covenant in Neh.); Sherebiah (chief of returning Levites);
  • Sheth – Sheth (Hebrew spelling of Seth); Sheth (“sons of Sheth”);
  • Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha – Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (David's secretary); Sheva or Seraiah or Shavsha or Shisha (son of Caleb);
  • Shilonite – Shilonite (designation of the prophet Ahijah); Shilonite (gentilic designating a family of returnees);
  • Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei - Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (son of David); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (Levite of the house of Merari); Shimea or Shammah or Shammua or Shimeah or Shimei (father of Berechiah);
  • Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam – Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Jesse); Shimeah or Shimea or Shimeam (son of Mikloth);
  • Shimei – Shimei (son of Gershon); Shimei (son of Gera); Shimei (son of Jesse); Shimei (leader of David's time who did not support the usurpation of Adonijah in 1 Kgs.); Shimei (son of Ella); Shimei (brother of Zerubbabel); Shimei (descendant of Mishma); Shimei (son of Gog); Shimei (Levite descendant of Merari); Shimei (son of Jahath); Shimei (Benjaminite in 1 Chr., probably an error for Shema); Shimei (one of six sons of Jeduthun); Shimei (Ramathite appointed by David over the royal vineyards); Shimei (Levite descendant of Heman); Shimei (brother of Conaniah); Shimei (Levite who sent away his non-Israelite wife and children in Ezra); Shimei (descendant of Hashum); Shimei (descendant of Binnui); Shimei (descendant of Kish);
  • Shimri – Shimri (son of Shemaiah); Shimri (father of Jediael); Shimri (son of Hosah); Shimri (descendant of Elizaphan);
  • Shittim - Shittim (last campsite of the Israelites before crossing the Jordan); Shittim (valley of Shittim);
  • Shobab – Shobab (son of Caleb); Shobab (son of David);
  • Shobal – Shobal (son of Seir); Shobal (son of Hur);
  • Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth – Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (mother of Jehozabad); Shomer or Shemer or Shimruth (of the sons of Heber);
  • Shua – Shua (father of Judah's Canaanite wife); Shua (daughter of Heber);
  • Shuppim – Shuppim (son of Ir); Shuppim (levitical gatekeeper in 1 Chr.);
  • Shuthelah – Shutehelah (son of Ephraim); Shutehelah (son of Zabad);
  • Simeon – Simeon (son of Jacob)*; Simeon (great-grandfather of Judas Maccabeus); Simeon (Simon Maccabeus); Simeon (who prayed Nunc Dimittis in Luke)*; Simeon (ancestor of Jesus); Simeon (a prophet and teacher of the church at Antioch); Simeon (Hebrew equivalent of Simon);
  • Simon – Simon (high priest Simon the Just); Simon (Simon II, high priest); Simon (Simon the Benjaminite); Simon (Simon Thassi); Simon (Simon Chosamaeus); Simon (Simon Peter); Simon (Simon the Zealot); Simon (Simon, half brother of Jesus); Simon (Simon the Leper); Simon (father of Judas Iscariot); Simon (Simon of Cyrene); Simon (Simon the Pharisee in Luke); Simon (Simon Magus); Simon (Simon the Tanner in Acts); Simon (Simon bar Kosiba);
  • Sin – Old Testament**; New Testament**;
  • Sin (place) – Sin (wilderness area between Elim and Mt. Sinai); Sin (Egyptian border fortress);
  • Sinai – Sinai Peninsula**; Wilderness and Mt. Sinai**; Biblical Traditions**;
  • Sirach, Wisdom of Jesus the Son of or Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach – Contents**;
  • Sisera – Sisera (commander of Canaanite forces in Judgs.)*; Sisera (of the “sons of Sisera”);
  • Soco or Socoh (place) – Soco or Socoh (city of the Shephaleh)*; Soco or Socoh (town of the hill country of Judah)*; Soco or Socoh (town listed as the center of Solomon's third administrative district)*;
  • Solomon – Kings**; Chronicles**; Early Interpreters*; History**;
  • Sosipater – Sosipater (captain under Judas Maccabeus); Sosipater (Jewish Christian in Rom.);
  • Sothenes – Sothenes (ruler of a synagogue in Corinth in Acts); Sothenes (called by Paul “our brother” in 1 Cor.);
  • Succoth – Succoth (first encampment of the Israelites on leaving Egypt); Succoth (place on the east side of the Jordan Valley);
  • Sur – Sur (an inner gate of Solomon's temple in 2 Kgs.)*; Sur (town on the Mediterranean coast in Jdt.);
  • Susanna – Susanna (of the apocryphal work of that name); Susanna (woman who supported the work of Jesus in Luke);
  • Symeon – Symeon (prophet and teacher of the church of Antioch in Acts); Symeon (another name for Simon Peter);

T edit

  • Tabeel – Tabeel (Samaritan official in Ezra); Tabeel (father of person whom the Syro-Ephraimite coalition planned to place on the throne of Judah)*;
  • Tabor – Tabor (Mount Tabor)**; Tabor (Oak of Tabor); Tabor (levitical city assigned to the Merarites);
  • Tahath (person) – Tahath (ancestor of Samuel); Tahath (son of Bered); Tahath (son of Eleadah);
  • Talmai – Talmai (one of the Anakim); Talmai (king of Geshur);
  • Tamar (person) – Tamar (daugher-in-law of Judah)*; Tamar (daughter of David); Tamar (daughter of Absalom)*;
  • Tamar (place) – Tamar (city “in the wilderness” in 1 Kgs.); Tamar (site marking the southeastern border of the restored, ideal Israel in Ezek.)*;
  • Tappuah – Tappuah (town in the northern Shephelah); Tappuah (town, also called En-tappuah, on the northern border of Ephraim); Tappuah (town in the territory of Tizrah);
  • Tarshish (person) – Tarshish (descendant of Javan in the Table of Nations); Tarshish (son of Bilhan); Tarshish (official of Persia or Media in Esth.)*;
  • Temple – Symbolism**; Jerusalem Temple**;
  • Text of the Old Testament – Copying and Transmission**; Ancient Manuscripts**; Printed Bibles**; Ancient Versions**; Textual Criticism**;
  • Text of the New Testament – History of the Discipline**; The State of the Text**; Methods of Textual Criticism**; The Text at the End of the Twentieth Century*;
    • Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence**; Internal Evidence**; Intrinsic Probabilities*;
      • Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – External Evidence – Number of Supporting Witnesses*; Age of Supporting Witnesses*; Geographical Diversity of the Witnesses*; “Quality” of the Supporting Witnesses*;
      • Text of the New Testament – Methods of Textual Criticism – Internal Evidence – Transcriptional Probabilities*;
  • Thessalonians, First Letter to the or First Letter to the Thessalonians – Historical Context*; Epistolatory Structure and Function*; Significant Features**;
  • Thessalonians, Second Letter to the or Second Letter to the Thessalonians – Structure and Purpose*; Significant Features*;
  • Thutmose – Thutmose I*; Thutmose II*; Thutmose III*; Thutmose IV*;
  • Tilgath-pileser or Tilgath-pilneser – Tilgath-peleser I; Tilgath-pileser II; Tilgath-pileser III**;
  • Tikvah – Tikvah (father of Shallum); Tikvah (father of Jahzeiah);
  • Time – Vocabulary**; Measures of Time**; The Days to Come*; New Testament**;
  • Timna – Timna (concubine of Eliphaz); Timna (chief of Edom); Timna (son of Eliphaz);
  • Timnah – Timnah (city on the northern border of Judah)*; Timnah (town of the hill country of Judah);
  • Timothy – Timothy (commander of the Ammonite forces in 1 & 2 Macc.); Timothy (emissary of Paul)**;
  • Tiphsah – Tiphsah (city on the western shore of the Euphrates); Tiphsah (site of a brutal slaughter by King Menahem in 2 Kgs.);
  • Titus – Titus Manius; Titus (coworker of Paul)**;
  • Tobiah - Tobiah (head of a family of returners); Tobiah (an opposer of Nehemiah's journey to Jerusalem);
  • Tobias – Tobias (son of Tobit); Tobias (landowner of the Maccabean period);
  • Tobijah – Tobijah (Levite sent by Jehosphaphat to Judea); Tobijah (descendant of Tobiah unable to authenticate his Israelite origin); Tobijah (repatriate from whom Zechariah was to collect gold and silver);
  • Tobit, Book of or Book of Tobit – Story**; Literary Antecedents**; Date, Language, and Versions*; Themes**; Later Use of Tobit*;
  • Tola – Tola (son of Issachar); Tola (son of Puah);
  • Trade and commerce – Antiquity and Varieties of Trade**; Commercilization**;
  • Travel or Transportation – Modes of Travel**; Rate of Travel**; Traveling Conditions*; Transportation**;
  • Trees – List of trees in the Bible**;

U edit

  • Ulam – Ulam (son of Sheresh); Ulam (son of Eshek);
  • Unni – Unni (levitical musician of 1 Chr.); Unni (returning Levite);
  • Uri – Uri (father of Bezalel); Uri (father of Geber); Uri (poxtexilic gatekeeper of Ezra);
  • Uriah – Uriah the Hittite*; Uriah (high priest under Ahaz); Uriah (prophet of the time of Jeremiah); Uriah (father of Meremoth); Uriah (who stood with Ezra at the reading of the Law);
  • Uriel – Uriel (chief of the Kohathite Levites in 1 Chr.); Uriel (resident of Gibeah in 2 Chr.); Uriel (archangel);
  • Uthai – Uthai (son of Ammihud); Uthai (returning head of the family of Bigvai);
  • Uz (person) – Uz (son of Aram); Uz (son of Milcah); Uz (son or descendant of Dishan);
  • Uzza (person) – Uzza (son of Gera); Uzza (ancestor of returning temple servants);
  • Uzzah – Uzzah (son of Abinadab); Uzzah (Levite of the family of Merari);
  • Uzzi – Uzzi (son of Bukki); Uzzi (son of Tola); Uzzi (son of Bela); Uzzi (father of Elah); Uzzi (son of Bani); Uzzi (head of Jedaiah's priestly lineage at the time of Joiakim); Uzzi (priest involved in the dedication of the walls in Neh.);
  • Uzziah – Uzziah (King of Judah)**; Uzziah (levitical priest in 1 Chr.); Uzziah (father of Jonathan); Uzziah (returning levitical priest, descendant of Harim); Uzziah (one of the 468 inhabitants of Perez who moved to Jerusalem); Uzziah (chief elder in the city of Bethulia);
  • Uzziel – Uzziel (son of Kohath); Uzziel (son of Ishi); Uzziel (son of Bela); Uzziel (son of Heman); Uzziel (son of Jeduthun); Uzziel (son of Harhaiah);

W edit

  • Walls – Wall types**; Evolution of City Walls**; Biblical References*;
  • Water – Physical Aspects**; Theological Importance**;
    • Water – Theological Importance – Cosmology*; Ritual**; Holy Spirit**;
  • Weights and measures – Linear**; Weights**; Area*; Dry capacity*; Liquid capacity*; Weights and measures in the Bible**;
  • Wisdom and Wisdom literature – Wisdom Books*; Characteristics*; Ancient Setting**; Religious Values**;
  • Wisdom of Solomon – Literary Genre*; Contents**;
  • Works – Works of God**; Human works**;
  • Worship, Israelite or Israelite Worship – Seasonal Festivals**; Other Seasonal Celebrations**; Foundational Moments**;
  • Worship, New Testament or New Testament Worship – Origins*; Description**; Theology**;
  • Writing – Biblical Scripts**; List of Scripts of the Bible, the ancient versions and their antecedents**; Postbiblical scripts**; Prebiblical writing**;
    • Writing – Biblical Scripts – Hebrew**; Greek*;

Z edit

  • Zabad or Jozacar – Zabad or Jozacar (son of Nathan); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Tahath); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Ahlai); Zabad or Jozacar (son of Shimeath the Ammonite); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Zattu); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Hattum); Zabad or Jozacar (of the sons of Nebo);
  • Zabbai – Zabbai (Israelite who had taken a foreign wife in Ezra); Zabbai (father of Baruch);
  • Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri – Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (ancestor of Achan); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Shimei); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (Sphiphmite steward of David's wine cellar); Zabdi or Zichri or Zimri (son of Asaph);
  • Zabdiel – Zabdiel (father of Jashobeam); Zabdiel (son of Heggedolim); Zabdiel (Arab who decapitated Alexander Balas);
  • Zacchaeus – Zacchaeus (officer in the Maccabean army); Zacchaeus (tax official who climbed a tree to get a glimpse of Jesus)*;
  • Zaccur – Zaccur (father of Shammua); Zaccur (son of Hammuel); Zaccur (Levite of the Merarite line); Zaccur (son of Asaph); Zaccur (descendant of Bigvai); Zaccur (son of Imri); Zaccur (Levite who placed a seal on the new covenant of Neh.); Zaccur (father of Hanan);
  • Zadok – Zadok (high priest under David)**; Zadok (father of Jerusha); Zadok (son of Baana); Zadok (son of Immer); Zadok (a “leader of the people” who placed a seal on the covenant in Neh.); Zadok (scribe appointed by Nehemiah as a treasurer); Zadok (father of Achim);
  • Zalmon (place) – Zalmon (mountain in the vicinity of Shechem); Zalmon (mountain mentioned in Ps. 68:14);
  • Zanoah (place) – Zanoah (town in the northeastern Shephelah)*; Zanoah (town in the eastern hill country of Judah)*;
  • Zebediah – Zebediah (son of Beriah); Zebediah (son of Elpaal); Zebediah (son of Jeroham); Zebediah (son of Meshelemiah); Zebediah (son of Asahel); Zebediah (Levite sent by Jehoshaphat to Judah); Zebediah (son of Ishmael); Zebediah (son of Michael); Zebediah (descendant of the family of Immer);
  • Zeboim – Zeboim (valley in Benjamin); Zeboim (town occupied by the Benjaminites);
  • Zechariah – Zechariah (son of Jeroboam II); Zechariah (father of Abi); Zechariah (head of a family of Reubenites); Zechariah (gatekeeper of the time of David); Zechariah (brother of Ner); Zechariah (musician of the time of David); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter of 1 Chr.); Zechariah (son of Isshiah); Zechariah (son of Hosah the Merarite); Zechariah (father of Iddo); Zechariah (official of Jehoshaphat sent to teach in Judah); Zechariah (father of Jahaziel); Zechariah (son of Jehoshaphat); Zechariah (son of Jehoiada); Zechariah (instructor of Uzziah in 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Asaph of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (levitical descendant of Kohath of 2 Chr.); Zechariah (priest who contributed animals for sacrifice in 2 Chr./1 Esdr.); Zechariah (head of the family of Parosh); Zechariah (head of the family of Bebai); Zechariah (leader of the Jewish exiles in Ezra); Zechariah (Judean who married a foreign wife in Ezra); Zechariah (leader who stood on the platform with Ezra during the reading of the Law); Zechariah (descendant of Perez); Zechariah (ancestor of Maaseiah); Zechariah (ancestor of Adaiah); Zechariah (priestly trumpeter in Neh.); Zechariah (son of Jeberechiah); Zechariah (prophet of the Book of Zechariah); Zechariah (father of Joseph); Zechariah (alternate name for Heman in 1 Esdr.); Zechariah (father of John the Baptist);
  • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8**; Zechariah 9-14**;
    • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8 – Author and Date*; Historical Setting*; Message**;
      • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8 - Message – 1:1-6*; 1:7-6:15**; 7:1-8:23*;
        • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 1-8 - Message – 1:7-6:15 – 1:7-17*; 1:18-21 (MT 2:1-4)*; 2:1-5 (2:5-9)*; 2:6-13 (2:10-17)*; 3:1-10*; 4:1-14*; 5:1-4*; 5:5-11*; 6:1-8*; 6:9-15*;
    • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Date and Historical Setting**; Author*; Message**;
      • Zechariah, Book of or Book of Zechariah – Zechariah 9-14 – Message – 9:1-17*; 10:1-12*; 11:1-17*; 12:1-9*; 12:10-13:9*; 14:1-21*;
  • Zedekiah – Zedekiah (false prophet at the court of Ahab); Zedekiah (last king of Judah)**; Zedekiah (son of Josiah); Zedekiah (signer of the covenant of Neh.); Zedekiah (prophet Jeremiah accused of immoral conduct); Zedekiah (son of Hananiah); Zedekiah (ancestor of Baruch);
  • Zemaraim – Zemaraim (town in the tribal territory of Benjamin); Zemaraim (mountain in the hill country of Ephraim);
  • Zephaniah – Zephaniah (Kohathite Levite ancestor of Heman); Zephaniah (son of Cushi); Zephaniah (son of Maaseiah); Zephaniah (father of Josiah);
  • Zephaniah, Book of or Book of Zephaniah – Historical Background*; Unity*; Contents and Message**;
  • Zerah or Zohar – Zerah or Zohar (son of Reuel); Zerah or Zohar (father of Jobab); Zerah or Zohar (son of Judah); Zerah or Zohar (son of Simeon); Zerah or Zohar (Levite descendant of Gershom in 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Kohathite Levite of 1 Chr.); Zerah or Zohar (Zerah the Cushite)*;
  • Zerahiah – Zerahiah (son of Uzzi); Zerahiah (man of the lineage of Pahath-moab);
  • Zeredah – Zeredah (place of residence of Jeroboam); Zeredah (place in the Jordan Valley);
  • Zibeon – Zibeon (father of Anah); Zibeon (son of Seir);
  • Zichri or Zabdi – Zichri or Zabdi (son of Izhar); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shimei); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Shashak); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Jeroham); Zichri or Zabdi (son of Asaph); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Shelomith); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Eliezer); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Amasiah); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Elishaphat); Zichri or Zabdi (warrior and Ephraimite of 2 Chr.); Zichri or Zabdi (father of Joel); Zichri or Zabdi (head of the priestly family of Abijah at the time of Joiakim);
  • Ziha – Ziha (head of a line of returning temple servants); Ziha (overseer of postexilic temple servants);
  • Zillethai – Zillethai (son of Shimei); Zillethai (Manassite leader who deserted David at Ziklag);
  • Zimri (person) – Zimri (son of Salu); Zimri (King of Israel); Zimri (son of Zerah); Zimri (father of Moza);
  • Ziph (person) – Ziph (descendant of Caleb); Ziph (son of Jehallel);
  • Ziph (place) – Ziph (town in the hill country of Judah); Ziph (town in the southern Negeb);
  • Ziza – Ziza (son of Shiphi); Ziza (son of Rehoboam);
  • Zohar – Zohar (father of Ephron the Hittite); Zohar (alternate name for Simeon's son Zerah); Zohar (alternate reading of Izhar son of Helah);
  • Zur – Zur (a king of Midian in Num.); Zur (son of Jeiel);

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible edit

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible, Michael D. Coogan, editor in chief, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-19-537737-8.

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

  • Acts*; Acts of the Apostles* – Interpretation; Amos* – Interpretation; Andrew, Acts of or Acts of Andrew*; Apocalypses* – First Enoch; The First Christian Apocalypses; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses; Apocrypha* – Old Testament; New Testament; New Testament – Extant Gospels;
  • Baruch*; Bible* – Evolution of Bibles;
  • Canon* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization; Old Testament; Old Testament – Religious History; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship; New Testament; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings; New Testament – Important Canonical Lists; 1 and 2 Chronicles* - Literary History; Literary Genre and Interpretation; Clement, Letters of or Letters of Clement*; Colossians*; 1 Corinthians* – Interpretation; Interpretation – 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church; 2 Corinthians* - Literary History; Interpretation;
  • Daniel and Additions to Daniel* – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Dead Sea Scrolls* - Description of Important Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community; Significance; Significance – Early Christianity; Deuteronomy* - Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code; Didache*;
  • Ecclesiastes* – Structure and Contents; 1 Enoch* – The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36); The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch; Ephesians* – Authorship; 1 Esdras*; 2 Esdras* – Form and Function; Esther and Additions to Esther*; Exodus* - Canonical Status and Location in the Canon; Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Interpretation; Ezekiel* – Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – II. Prophecies of Judgment; Interpretation; Ezra and Nehemiah* - Content and Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?;
  • Galatians*; Genesis* – Structure and Contents; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis; History of Interpretation; Gospels* - The Diversity of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels;
  • Habakkuk*; Haggai*; Hebrews*; Hosea* – Interpretation; Interpretation – Interpretation of Hosea 1-3;
  • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius*; Isaiah* - Chapters 1-39; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations; Chapters 40-66; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29); Major Theological Themes; Reception History;
  • James*; Jeremiah* - Structure and Contents; Interpretation – 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership; Job* - Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception; Joel* – Structure and Contents; John, Gospel according to or Gospel according to John* - Interpretation; 1, 2, and 3 John or 1 John and 2 John and 3 John*; Jonah*; Joseph and Aseneth*; Joshua* – Structure and Content; Jubilees* - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text; Jude*; Judges* – Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Structure and Contents – B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31);
  • 1 and 2 Kings* - Authorship; Contents and Structure; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Contents; Contents and Structure – Chronology;
  • Lamentations* - Structure, Contents, and Interpretation; Letter*; Leviticus*; Lost Books* - Lost Books; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible; Luke, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Luke* – Interpretation;
  • 1 Maccabees* – Structure and Contents; Reception History; 2 Maccabees*; 3 Maccabees*; 4 Maccabees*; Malachi*; Mark, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Mark* – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Mary, Gospel of or Gospel of Mary*; Matthew, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Matthew* – Structure and Contents; Micah* – Interpretation;
  • Nag Hammadi Library* - Discoveries; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Sethian Gnostic Thought; Nahum*; Numbers* – Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts;
  • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul* - The Authentic Letters; The Disputed Letters; Paul and Thecla, Acts of or Acts of Paul and Thecla*; Pesharim*; Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions*; 1 Peter*; 2 Peter*; Philemon*; Philip, Gospel of or Gospel of Philip*; Philippians*; Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate*; Prayers and Hymns* - Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians; Proverbs*; Psalms* - Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book; Literary History; Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories; Literary History – Post-Gunkel Approaches; Interpretation; Pseudepigrapha* - Survey of Pseudepigrapha; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apocalypses; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Testamentary Literature;
  • Rabbinic Literature* - Introduction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture; New Testament; New Testament – Methodology; Revelation* - Date of Composition and Historical Context; Interpretation; Reception History; Romans*; Ruth*;
  • Samaritan Pentateuch* – The Character of the SP; The Character of the SP – Variants; 1 and 2 Samuel* – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History; Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations*; Shepherd of Hermas*; Sirach* – Date and Historical Context; Song of Solomon*;
  • Targumim* - Texts; Texts – The Pentateuch; Testaments* – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Date, Provenance, and Authorship; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Form, Content, and Function; Text Criticism* - Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX); Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text; Apocrypha; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals; New Testament; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts; New Testament – History of Editions; 1 Thessalonians*; 2 Thessalonians*; Thomas, Gospel of or Gospel of Thomas*; 1 Timothy*; 2 Timothy; [{Titus]]; Tobit*; Translations, English or [{English Translations]]* -

Versions before 1611; Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions; An Overview of Modern Versions;

Significant articles edit

3 or more paragraphs or over 1 column to 2 pages

  • Acts – Acts as a Genre; Acts and Hagiography; Dating and Intertextuality; The Acts of Andrew; The Acts of John; The Acts of Paul; The Acts of Peter; The Acts of Thomas; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity; The History of Interpretation and Reception History; Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book; Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History; Amos – Authorship and Composition; Historical Context; Structure and Stylistic Features; Reception History; Andrew, Acts of or Acts of Andrew – The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission; Plot of the Fragment; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought; Apocalypses – Daniel; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.; Related Literature; Reception and Influence; Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Reformation Era; Old Testament – Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Marian Gospels; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts; New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value; New Testament – Apocryphal Epistles; New Testament – Apocryphal Apocalypses; New Testament – Reception History;
  • Baruch – Content and Interpretation; Bible – Origin of the Term Bible; Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature; Evolution of Bibles – The Example of Jeremiah; Evolution of Bibles – Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality; Evolution of Bibles – Ends and Beginnings; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift I: The Codex;
  • Canon - An Overview; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon; Hebrew Bible – Different Canons; Hebrew Bible – History of Scholarship; Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – The Sadducees; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - Scripture, Bible, Canon; New Testament – Definition of Canon; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Paul's letters; New Testament – Disputed Texts; New Testament – Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books; New Testament – Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”; 1 and 2 Chronicles - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah; Literary History – The Original Extent of Chronicles; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Content; Literary Genre and Interpretation – The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency; Literary Genre and Interpretation – History of Interpretation; Reception History; Clement, Letters of or Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context; Literary Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Colossians – Authorship; Historical Context and Date of Composition; 1 Corinthians – Date and Historical Context; Paul in Corinth; Interpretation – 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church; Reception History; 2 Corinthians - Structure and Content; Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity; Literary History – Partition Theories; Literary History – Partition Theories – Mitchell; Literary History – Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation; Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11); Interpretation - Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry; Interpretation - The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9); Interpretation - Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13);
  • Daniel and Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts; Dead Sea Scrolls - Brief History of the Discoveries; Description of the Finds; Description of the Finds – Provenance; Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts; Description of Important Texts – Parabiblical Literature; Description of Important Texts – Commentaries; Description of Important Texts – Rules; Description of Important Texts – Texts Used in Worship; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Allusions to Historical Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Physical Evidence; Brief History of the Qumran Community – The Essenes; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Early Reconstruction of the History; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls; Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible; Significance – Early Judaism; Significance – Early Christianity – Sectarianism and Differentiation; Deuteronomy - Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty; Structure and Contents – The Decalogue; Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Status of Women; Interpretation; Reception History;
  • Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views; Interpretation; Reception History; 1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71); The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82); The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90); The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105); Ephesians – Structure and Contents; Setting and Purpose; Theology; 1 Esdras – Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25); The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs; Esther and Additions to Esther – Canonical Status; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Outline; Interpretation; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Discussion of the Greek Additions; Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and the Former Prophets; Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Genesis; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the J Source; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The P Literature; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – The Setting; Interpretation – The Characters; Interpretation – The Conflict; Interpretation – The Revelation; Reception History; Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents – III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations; Structure and Contents – IV. Prophecies of Salvation; Reception History; Ezra and Nehemiah - Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date; Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was Ezra's “Torah”?; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah;
  • Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation History; Interpretation History – 2. The Purpose and End of the Law; Interpretation History – 3. New Creation; Genesis – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship of Genesis; Reception History; Gospels - Euaggelion as a Literary Designation; Gospels by Analogy; Gospels by Analogy – Sayings Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – John and the Synoptics; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Gospel of Thomas;
  • Habakkuk – Date; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Hebrews – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Structure; Interpretation; Reception History; Hosea – Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s); Interpretation – Interpretations of the Book of Hosea; Interpretation – Hosea as Literature; Reception History;
  • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity; Major Themes of the Letters; Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom; Major Themes of the Letters – Unity and Schism; Major Scholarly Debates; Isaiah - Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 24-27; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia; Chapters 40-66 – The Servant and the Servants; Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment; Literary Features;
  • James – Authorship; Date and Historical Context; Interpretation; Jeremiah - Background Information; Literary History; Interpretation; Interpretation – 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions; Interpretation – 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem; Interpretation – 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts; Interpretation – 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation; Interpretation – 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority; Interpretation – 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies; Reception History; Jeremiah, Letter of or Letter of Jeremiah* – Genre, Contents, and Interpretation; Job - Authorship, Date, and Context; Structure and Contents – The Prologue; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Dialogue; Structure and Contents – Job's Final Defense; Structure and Contents – The Divine Speeches; Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear; Interpretation – The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives; Interpretation – The Divine Speeches; Joel – Interpretative Questions; John, Gospel according to or Gospel according to John - Authorship; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s); Literary History; Outline; Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18); Interpretation – The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54); Interpretation – Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21); Interpretation – From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11); Interpretation – The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31); Reception History; 1, 2, and 3 John or 1 John and 2 John and 3 John – Dating and Sequence; Historical Context; Audience and Authorship; Jonah – Structure and Contents; Interpretation and Reception; Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice; Joseph and Aseneth – Contents; History of Scholarship; Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation; Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation; Historical Context; Reception History; Jubilees - Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context; Jubilean Halakah; Unity of the Book; Author and Date; Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance; Text History; Text History – Literary Echoes; Text History – Status at Qumran and Elsewhere; Jude – Interpretation; Judges – Literary History; Structure and Contents – C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25); Interpretation History; Reception History;
  • 1 and 2 Kings - Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11); Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25); Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Contents; Contents and Structure – Language and Style; Contents and Structure – Reception and History;
  • Lamentations - Authorship; Dates of Composition and Historical Context; Letters - Epigraphic Letters; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters; Writing and Delivering a Letter; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery; Terminology; Form; Form – B. Initial Greeting; Letters in the Hebrew Bible; Greco-Roman Letters; Greco-Roman Letters – Form; Letters in the New Testament; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters; Letters in the New Testament – Pseudonymity; Letters in the Apocrypha; Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History; Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Interpretation – Sacrifice; Interpretation – Holiness and Commonness; Interpretation – Purity and Impurity; Interpretation – Priestly Outlook; Reception History; Lost Books - Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Letters Attributed to Paul; Assessment; Luke, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation; Authorship; Sources; Structure and Genre; Interpretation – Salvation History; Interpretation – Rich and Poor in Luke; Interpretation – Women in Luke; Interpretation – Luke and Judaism; Reception History;
  • 1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Section 2 (chs. 3:1-9:22); Structure and Contents – Section 3 (chs. 9:23-16:24); Interpretation; 2 Maccabees – Canonical Status; Date and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Literary History; Interpretation; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations; Later Reception History; 3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date; Historicizing Fiction; Religious and Cultural Significance; 4 Maccabees – Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Malachi – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Manasseh, Prayer of or Prayer of Manasseh; Mark, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Mark – Authorship; Literary History; Structure and Contents – 2. Jesus's Christological Identity; Reception History; Mary, Gospel of or Gospel of Mary – Attestation, Date, and Authorship; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation; Matthew, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-9:38); Structure and Contents – Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50); Structure and Contents – Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27); Structure and Contents – Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35); Structure and Contents – Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2); Structure and Contents – Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46); Structure and Contents – The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20); Interpretation; Reception History; Micah – Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Micah 1; Interpretation – Micah 2; Reception History;
  • Nag Hammadi Library - Discoveries – The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson; Nag Hammadi Archaeology; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices; Nahum – Date; Literary Issues; Literary Issues – Nahum in the Wider Literary Context; Interpretation; Reception History; Numbers – Authorship; Interpretation;
  • Obadiah* – Content and Interpretation;
  • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul - Authorship and Pseudonymity; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments; The Authentic Letters – Romans; The Authentic Letters – First Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Second Corinthians; The Authentic Letters – Galatians; The Authentic Letters – Philippians; The Authentic Letters – First Thessalonians; The Authentic Letters – Philemon; The Disputed Letters – Ephesians; The Disputed Letters – Colossians; The Disputed Letters – Second Thessalonians; The Pseudonymous Letters; The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus); Paul and Thecla, Acts of or Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books; Literary History; Contents; Pesharim* - “Continuous Pesharim”; “Thematic” Pesharim; Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta; 1 Peter – Interpretation; 2 Peter – Interpretation; Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus; Philip, Gospel of or Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity; Theological Ideas; Key Figures; Philippians – Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Contents; The Middle Ages; Prayers and Hymns - Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings; Proverbs – Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s); Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Psalms - Authorship; Structure and Compilation of the Book; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Genre Headings; Literary History – A Puzzling Problem; Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection; Jewish or Christian Origin?; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Edifying Tales and Romances; Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Liturgical Texts; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha;
  • Rabbinic Literature - Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature; Introduction – The Mishnah; Introduction – The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds; Introduction – Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah; Introduction – The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael; New Testament – Methodology – Recent Developments; New Testament – Jewish Law before the Halakah; New Testament – Exegetical Principles; New Testament – Midrashic Parallels; New Testament – Anti-Christian Polemic; Revelation - Interpretation – Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5); Interpretation – The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4); Interpretation – Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10); Interpretation – Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8); Interpretation – Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21); Romans – Historical Context; Occasion and Purpose; Structure of the Letter; Interpretation; Reception; Ruth – Names; Author; Historical Context and Date of Composition; Structure and Contents; Reception History;
  • 1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Structure and Contents – Samuel; Structure and Contents – Saul; Structure and Contents – David; Structure and Contents – Women; Interpretation; Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Sequence of the Books; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date; Evidence; Evidence – Direct Witnesses; Exegesis; Hebrew Source of the LXX; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert; Revisions of the Septaugint; The Greek Versions and Christianity; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Quotations of the LXX in the NT; Shepherd of Hermas – Authorship and Date; Genre, Structure, and Contents; Interpretation; Sirach – Canonical Status; Textual and Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Song of Solomon – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History;
  • Targumim - Early Written Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos; Texts – The Pentateuch – Pseudo-Jonathan; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch; Texts – The Pentateuch – Codex Neofiti 1; Texts – The Prophets; Texts – The Writings; Texts – The Writings – Lamentations; Texts – The Writings – Canticles; Chief Targumic Themes; Genres; Connections of Targums with Other Topics; Testaments – The Testament of Moses; The Vision of Amram; The Testament of Job; Other “Testamentary” Literature; Text Criticism - Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP); Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Qumran Scrolls; Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Old Latin (OL); Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Syro-Hexapla; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – Peshitta; Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Vulgate; Apocrypha – Modern Study; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Sirach; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain; Apocrypha – Reception History; New Testament – Witnesses; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions; New Testament – Witnesses – Patristic Citations; New Testament – Principles of Criticism; New Testament - Principles of Criticism – Internal; New Testament – Illustrative Variants; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – First Timothy 3:16; 1 Thessalonians – Interpretation; Reception; 2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians; Authorship and Date of Composition; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Contradictory Eschatological Discourses; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Authenticity; Thomas, Gospel of or Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity; Authorship and Place of Origin; Structure and Organization; Sources of the Gospel; Difficulties of Interpretation; The Dependence or Independence Debate; The Thomasine Community; 1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation; Tobit – Text; Literary Character; Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement; Reception History; Translations, English or English Translations - Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible; Versions before 1611 – Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534); Versions before 1611 – The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Version (1885); Modern Pioneers; Translation Theory and Bible Translation;
  • Vulgate and Other Ancient Latin Translations – The Vetus Latina (Old Latin) Tradition;
  • Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure; Language, Provenance, and Date; Genre and Purpose; Theology; Formative Influences; Reception and Canonical Status;
  • Zechariah – Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Zephaniah – Historical Context;

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs under 1 column

  • Acts – The Acts of Philip; Acts of the Apostles – Canonical Status; Andrew, Acts of or Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum; Message of the Fragment; Date and Place of Composition; Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses; Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres – Histories; Old Testament – Genres – Poetic Books; Old Testament – Genres – Prophetic Books; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Early Christians; Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Orthodox; New Testament – Agrapha; New Testament – Lost Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Stories about Jesus' Birth; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Gospels of Jesus' Childhood; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Passion Gospels; New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Descent to the Underworld; New Testament – Extant Gospels - Pilate; New Testament – Assumption of Mary;
  • Baruch – Authorship and Literary History; Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred; Origin of the Term Bible – Related Terms; Evolution of Bibles – Technological Shift II:Printing; A Ongoing Evolution and Legacy;
  • Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Prophets; Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Writings; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX; Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Qumran; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Catholic Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestant Tradition; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Protestants and the Apocrypha; Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Significance; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791); Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – An Alternative Approach; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Dead Sea Scrolls; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – A First Century C.E. Canon; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – “Council” of Jamnia Myth; Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Assessment; Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”; New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Remaining Writings; 1 and 2 Chronicles – Authorship; Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?; Clement, Letters of or Letters of Clement – Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 1 Clement; Literary Structure and Contents – Contents of 2 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 1 Clement; Interpretation – Keys to 2 Clement; Reception History; Colossians – Canonical Status; Structure and Content; Interpretation; Reception History; 1 Corinthians – Authorship; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians; Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving; Interpretation – 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings; 2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis; Literary History – Partition Theories – The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis; Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10); Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4); Interpretation - Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16); Assessment;
  • Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves; Brief History of the Discoveries – Publication Process; Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls; Description of the Finds – Genres; Description of Important Texts – 4QMMT; Description of Important Texts – Wisdom Texts; Description of Important Texts – Eschatological Texts; Description of Important Texts – Non-literary Texts; Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence; Description of the Sect; Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture; Significance – Early Christianity – The Law; Significance – Early Christianity – Immersion for Purification; Significance – Early Christianity – Eschatology; Significance – Early Christianity – Son of Man; Significance – Early Christianity – Kingdom of God; Significance – Early Christianity – Miracles; Significance – Early Christianity – Mystery; Significance – Early Christianity – Dualism; Significance – Early Christianity – Devotion; Significance – Early Christianity – Leadership; Significance – Early Christianity – Community Property; Significance – Early Christianity – Women; Significance – Early Christianity – Melchizedek; Significance – Early Christianity – Calendar; Significance – Early Christianity – Ritual Meal; Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning; Authorship; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences; Didache – Name; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status; Authorship and Date; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries; Structure and Contents; Interpretations and Open Questions; New Required Research;
  • Ephesians – Contribution; 1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending; A Mixture of Genres; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept; 2 Esdras – Canonicity; Language, Date, and Provenance; Reception History; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra; Esther and Additions to Esther – Authorship; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther; Reception History; Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy; Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source; Interpretation – The Journey; Interpretation – The Sanctuary; Ezekiel – Authorship: Traditional and Modern; Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative; Ezra and Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction; Content and Structure – The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple; Content and Structure – Structure; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Nehemiah Memoir; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - The Lists; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah;
  • Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident; Genesis – Name of Book; Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Passion Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Sayings Gospels; The Diversity of Gospels – Post-Resurrection Dialogues; The Diversity of Gospels – Theological Tractates; The Diversity of Gospels – Other Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Passion and Infancy Gospels; Gospels by Analogy – Dialogue/Discourse Gospels; The Literary Character of Gospels – Dialogue Gospels; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – Jewish-Christian gospels; Prospects;
  • Habakkuk – Canonical Status; Authorship; Haggai – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Interpretation; Reception History; Hebrews – Name; Canonical Status; Literary History; Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Literary History; Textual Difficulties; Structure;
  • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Jewish/Gentile Relations; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?; Major Scholarly Debates – Situation in Antioch; Major Scholarly Debates – Opponents; Other Matters; Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures; Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria;
  • James – Literary Genre; Structure and Contents; Reception History; Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription; Interpretation – 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem; Jeremiah, Letter of or Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language; Job – Outline; Structure and Contents – The Wisdom Poem; Structure and Contents – Elihu's Speeches; Structure and Contents – The Epilogue; Interpretation – Job 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece; Joel – Canon and Text; Joel, Person and Name; Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20; Structure and Contents – Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11; Structure and Contents – Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17; Structure and Contents – God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27; Structure and Contents – Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3); Structure and Contents – The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21); Subsequent Influence; John, Gospel according to or Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Interpretation – Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51); Interpretation – “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31); Interpretation – The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25); 1, 2, and 3 John or 1 John and 2 John and 3 John – Composition and Structure; Purpose of Writing; Reception and Influence; Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah; Structure and Contents – Humor in Jonah; Joseph and Aseneth – Interpretation; Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Halakah; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Apocalyptic Features; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Poetics; Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Distrinctive Features of Jubilees; Jude – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History; Judges – Title; Date; Place in Canon; Authorship; Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28); Literary History – “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11); Literary History – The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21); Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5);
  • 1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Contents; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Perspective; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Sources; Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25) – Perspective; Contents and Structure – Historicity;
  • Lamentations – Location in Canon; Textual History; Genre; Poetry and Major Themes; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 1-2; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 3; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 4; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 5; Reception History; Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad; Epigraphic Letters – Lachish; Epigraphic Letters – Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period; Epigraphic Letters – Elephantine; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Qumran; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Masada; Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Bar Kochba; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Leather; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Pottery (Ostraca); Writing and Delivering a Letter – Other Materials; Writing and Delivering a Letter – Inks; Literacy; Form – A. Initial Address; Form – C. Body; Form – D-F. Concluding Formulas; Form – G. Outside Address; Form – Example of an Epigraphic Letter; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – The Aramaic Letters in Ezra; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Probable Letters; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Questionable Cases; Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases; Additional Literary Sources; The Literary Use of Letters; Leviticus – Outline; Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Jaschar; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41); Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Chronicles; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Books Attributed to Prophets; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Laments; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Other Books; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Acts 19:19; Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Agrapha; Other Christian Books; Luke, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Luke – Attestation; Date; Location and Audience;
  • 1 Maccabees – The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees; Structure and Contents – Section 1 (chs. 1-2); 2 Maccabees – Authorship; Setting of the Epitomist; 3 Maccabees – Transmission History; 4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Authorship; Date of Composition and Historical Context; Literary History; Reception History; Malachi – Name; Literary History; Mark, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location; Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God; Structure and Contents – 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples; Interpretation; Mary, Gospel of or Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel; Reception History; Matthew, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23); Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25); Structure and Contents – First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29); Micah – Background Information; Interpretation – Micah 3; Interpretation – Micah 4; Interpretation – Micah 5; Interpretation – Micah 6; Interpretation – Micah 7;
  • Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse; Discoveries – The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502; Discoveries – The Discovery of Codex Tchacos; Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region; Nahum – Authorship; Contents and Structure; Literary Issues – Genre; Literary Issues – Nahum as Poet; Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition; Reception History;
  • Paul and Thecla, Acts of or Acts of Paul and Thecla – Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context; Pesharim -Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries; Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta; Extent of the Peshitta; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches; 1 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Place of Composition; Literary History; Structure and Contents; 2 Peter – Canonical Status; Authorship; Date and Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; Reception History; Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon; Philip, Gospel of or Gospel of Philip – Significance; Philippians – Canonical Status; Authorship; Reception History; Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – A Consistent Account?; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Dating; The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Milieu of Origin; The Middle Ages – Contents; The Middle Ages – Literary Descendants; The Middle Ages – Canonicity; The Middle Ages – Artistic Reception; The Middle Ages – Related Works; Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns; Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 24:23-34; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 25-29; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”; Structure and Contents – Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”; Psalms – Position in the Canon; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Historical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Headings for Liturgical Occasions; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Musical Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Instructional Headings; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Hallelujah; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Technical Terms inside Psalms;
  • Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Midrashic Compilations; Introduction – Genesis Rabbah; Introduction – Leviticus Rabbah; Introduction – Pesiqta de Rab Kahana; Introduction – Song of Songs Rabbah; Introduction – Ruth Rabbah; Introduction – Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati); Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Oral Torah; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Targum; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash?; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Methods of Midrash Haggadah; Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon; Traditional and Modern Authorship; Structure and Contents; Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8); Interpretation – Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22); Interpretation – Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21); Interpretation – Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7); Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter; Audience; Ruth – Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence;
  • Samaritan Pentateuch – Qumran and the SP; 1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline; Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature; Scope; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Jewish Background; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Place; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date – Date; Evidence – Indirect Witnesses; Editions; Auxiliary Tools; Translation Technique; Retroversion of the Parent Text; Revisions of the Septaugint – Emergence of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Nature of the Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions; Revisions of the Septaugint – Kaige-Theodotion; Revisions of the Septaugint – Aquila; Revisions of the Septaugint – Symmachus; Revisions of the Septaugint – Hexapla; Revisions of the Septaugint – Post-Hexaplaric Revisions; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Terminology; The Greek Versions and Christianity – Theological Foundations; Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status; Sirach – Name of the Book; Authorship; Reception History; Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon;
  • Targumim – The Origin of Targumim; Texts – The Pentateuch – The Palestinian Targums; Texts – The Pentateuch – Palestinian Targumic Toseftot; Texts – The Pentateuch – Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems; Texts – The Prophets – Jonathan; Texts – The Prophets – Targum Prophets Toseftot; Texts – The Writings – Job; Texts – The Writings – Psalms; Texts – The Writings – Proverbs; Texts – The Writings – Ruth; Texts – The Writings – Qohelet; Texts – The Writings – Esther; Texts – The Writings – Chronicles; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Targumim and New Testament; Connections of Targums with Other Topics – Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim; Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses; Reception History; Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Aims; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Baruch; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Wisdom of Solomon; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Esther; Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Prayer of Manasseh; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Esther; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First Maccabees; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – First-Second Esdras; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Additions to Daniel; Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Psalm 151; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Letter of Jeremiah; Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Psalms of Solomon; New Testament – Terminology; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P45; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P46; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P47; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P52; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P66; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P72; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P75; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - (01) or Codex Sinaiticus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - B (03) or Codex Vaticanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (05) or Codex Bezae; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - D (06) or Codex Claromontanus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - F (010) or Codex Augiensis; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - G (012) or Codex Boernerianus; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - L (019) or Codex Regius; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - W (032); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Δ (037); New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - 046; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 13; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 28; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 33; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 81; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 383; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 565; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 579; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 614; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 700; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 892; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1241; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1424; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1739; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2053; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 2344; New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Lectionaries (2450); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Syriac; New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Coptic (co); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Armenian (arm); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Gothic (got); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Ethiopic (aeth); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Georgian (geo); New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Old Church Slavonic (slav); New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 16:9-20; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 1:18; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – John 7:53-8:11; New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Romans 5:1; 1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Date of Composition and Literary Context; Literary History; Structure and Contents; 2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure – Exordion (1:1-12); Content and Structure – Partitio (2:1-2); Content and Structure – Probation (2:3-3:5); Content and Structure – Exhortatio (3:6-15); Content and Structure – Peroratio (3:16-18); Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The Lack of Personal References; Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27; Thomas, Gospel of or Gospel of Thomas – Principal Themes; Debates within the Text; 1 Timothy – Context; Tobit – Date and Place of Composition; Original Language; Sources; Main Themes; Translations, English or English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Coverdale Bible (1535); Versions before 1611 – The Matthew's Bible (1537); Versions before 1611 – The Taverner's Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Great Bible (1539); Versions before 1611 – The Geneva Bible (1560); Versions before 1611 – The Bishop's Bible (1568); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The American Standard Version (1901); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Revised Standard Version (1952); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New American Standard Bible (1971); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New King James Version (1982); 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The New Revised Standard Version (1989); An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt; An Overview of Modern Versions – An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed; An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips; An Overview of Modern Versions – The Jerusalem Bible (1966); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New English Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New American Bible (1970); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Good News Translation (1976); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New International Version (1978); An Overview of Modern Versions – Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995); An Overview of Modern Versions – The New Living Translation (1996); An Overview of Modern Versions – The English Standard Version (2001); An Overview of Modern Versions – The NET Bible (2005-print edition); An Overview of Modern Versions – The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006); An Overview of Modern Versions – Common English Bible (2011); Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox; Modern Pioneers – The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter; Modern Pioneers – Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone;
  • Wisdom of Solomon – Text and Versions;
  • Zechariah – Name; Canonical Status and Location; Authorship; Zephaniah – Location in Canon; Textual Evidence; Contents and Structure; Reception History;

Redirects edit

Subarticles edit

A edit

  • Acts – Acts as a Genre**; Acts and Hagiography**; Dating and Intertextuality**; The Acts of Andrew**; The Acts of John**; The Acts of Paul**; The Acts of Peter**; The Acts of Thomas**; The Acts of Philip*; Relevance of the Acts for the History of early Christianity**; The History of Interpretation and Reception History**;
  • Acts of the Apostles – Name of the Book**; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
  • Amos – Authorship and Composition**; Historical Context**; Structure and Stylistic Features**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
  • Andrew, Acts of or Acts of Andrew – The Apostle Andrew*; The Primitive Acts of Andrew, Later Versions, and Textual Transmission**; Reconstruction of the Primitive Acts of Andrew*; Acts of Andrew Fragment in the Vatican Museum*; Plot of the Fragment**; Message of the Fragment*; Provenance of Acts of Andrew 's Thought**; Date and Place of Composition*;
  • Apocalypses – Earliest Apocalypses*; First Enoch***; Daniel**; Jewish Apocalypses of the First and Second Centuries C.E.**; The First Christian Apocalypses***; Related Literature**; Cultural Contexts for the Apocalypses***; Reception and Influence**;
  • Apocrypha – Old Testament***; New Testament***;
    • Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres**; History of Composition and Canonization**; Significance for Understanding Early Judaism and Early Christianity**;
      • Apocrypha – Old Testament – Genres – Histories*; Poetic Books*; Prophetic Books*;
      • Apocrypha – Old Testament – History of Composition and Canonization – Jewish Community*; Early Christians*; Reformation Era**; Orthodox*;
    • Apocrypha – New Testament – Agrapha*; Lost Gospels*; Extant Gospels***; Apocryphal Acts**; Apocryphal Epistles**; Apocryphal Apocalypses**; Assumption of Mary*; Reception History**;
      • Apocrypha – New Testament – Extant Gospels - The Gospel of Thomas*; Marian Gospels**; Stories about Jesus' Birth*; Gospels of Jesus' Childhood*; Passion Gospels*; The Descent to the Underworld*; Pilate*;
      • Apocrypha – New Testament – Apocryphal Acts – Historical Value**;

B edit

  • Baruch – Authorship and Literary History*; Content and Interpretation**;
  • Bible – Modern Usage**; Origin of the Term Bible**; Evolution of Bibles***; An Ongoing Evolution and Legacy*;
    • Bible – Origin of the Term Bible – Plural to Singular, and Sacred*; Related Terms*;
    • Bible – Evolution of Bibles – Israelite Literature**; The Example of Jeremiah**; Jewish Textual Flourishing and Plurality**; Ends and Beginnings**; Technological Shift I: The Codex**; Technological Shift II:Printing*;

C edit

  • Canon – An Overview**; Hebrew Bible***; Old Testament***; New Testament***;
    • Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon**; Different Canons**; Process of Canonization***; History of Scholarship**;
      • Canon – Hebrew Bible – Principal Divisions of the Canon – Torah*; Prophets*; Writings*;
      • Canon – Hebrew Bible – Process of Canonization – Septaugint or LXX*; Qumran*;
    • Canon – Old Testament – Religious History***; Critical Scholarship***; Terms and Criteria**;
      • Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Jewish Tradition**; Christian Tradition***;
        • Canon – Old Testament – Religious History – Christian Tradition – Early Christian Bibles**; Catholic Tradition*; Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books*; Protestant Tradition*; Protestants and the Apocrypha*; Significance*;
      • Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Johann Salomo Semler (1725-1791)*; Modern Scholarship**;
        • Canon – Old Testament – Critical Scholarship – Modern Scholarship – Three-Stage Theory**; Criticism of the Three-Stage Theory**; An Alternative Approach*; Dead Sea Scrolls*; A First Century C.E. Canon*; The Sadducees**; Alexandrian Canon Hypothesis*; “Council” of Jamnia Myth*; Assessment*;
      • Canon – Old Testament – Terms and Criteria - “Canon 1” and “Canon 2”*; Scripture, Bible, Canon**;
    • Canon – New Testament – Definition of Canon**; Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings***; Important Canonical Lists***; Disputed Texts**; Rationale for Inclusion and Exclusion of New Testament Books**; Later Discussions of Canon and “Canon within the Canon”**;
      • Canon – New Testament – Historical Development and Transmission of Collections of Early Christian Writings – Gospels**; Paul's letters**; Remaining Writings*;
  • 1 and 2 Chronicles – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Literary History***; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Content**; Literary Genre and Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • 1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary History – The Relationship between Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah**; The Original Extent of Chronicles**;
    • 1 and 2 Chronicles – Literary Genre and Interpretation – Is Chronicles Intended to Replace Samuel-Kings?*; The Chroniclers Agenda and His Essential Tendency**; History of Interpretation**;
  • Clement, Letters of or Letters of Clement – Authorship and Context**; Literary Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Colossians – Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Content*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
  • 1 Corinthians – Authorship*; Date and Historical Context**; Paul in Corinth**; Structure and Outline of 1 Corinthians*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • 1 Corinthians – Interpretation – 1:1-9 Opening Greeting and Thanksgiving*; 1:10-6:20 Paul's Response to Reports of Problems in the Corinthian Church**; 7:1-16:12 Paul's Response to a letter from the Corinthian Church***; 16:5-24 Conclusion: Travel Plans, Exhortation, and Final Greetings*;
  • 2 Corinthians – Structure and Content**; Literary History**; Interpretation***; Assessment*;
    • 2 Corinthians – Literary History – Reasons for Questioning the Literary Integrity**; Partition Theories**; Historical Reconstruction of the Relationship between Paul and the Corinthian Congregation**;
      • 2 Corinthians – Literary History – Partition Theories – The Semler-Windisch- and the Hausrath-Kennedy-Hypothesis*; The Weiss-Bultmann Hypothesis*; The Bornkamm-Schmithals-Hypothesis*; Mitchell**;
      • 2 Corinthians – Interpretation - The Proem: Leitmotifs of the Letter (1:3-11)**; Paul and His Congregation 1: Events Ensuring from the Intermediate Visit (1:12-2:13)*; Pauls' Defense of His Apostolic Ministry**; Paul and His Congregation II: Paul's Joy at the Repentance of the Corinthians (7:5-16)*; The Collection as a Symbol of the Unity of Jewish and Gentile Believers (2 Cor. 8-9)**; Paul's Attack on the Intruding Missionaries and His Preparation for a Third Visit (2 Cor. 10-13)**;
        • 2 Corinthians – Interpretation – Paul's Defense of His Apostolic Ministry – Paul's Ministry of a New Covenant (2:14-4:6)*; Apostolic Afflictions, Divine Preservation, and the Hope for Resurrection (4:7-5:10)*; Paul's Ministry of Reconciliation (5:11-6:10) and His Appeal for Reconciliation (6:11-7:4)*;

D edit

  • Daniel and Additions to Daniel – Authorship, Dates of Composition, and Historical Contexts**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
  • Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries**; Description of the Finds**; Description of Important Texts**; Brief History of the Qumran Community**; Description of the Sect*; Significance**;
    • Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Discoveries – Notable Caves*; Publication Process*;
    • Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of the Finds – Nomenclature for Scrolls*; Provenance**; Genres*;
    • Dead Sea Scrolls – Description of Important Texts – Biblical Texts**; Parabiblical Literature**; Commentaries**; Rules**; 4QMMT*; Texts Used in Worship**; Wisdom Texts*; Eschatological Texts*; Non-literary Texts*;
    • Dead Sea Scrolls – Brief History of the Qumran Community – Written Evidence*; Allusions to Historical Texts**; Physical Evidence**; The Essenes**; Early Reconstruction of the History**; Connecting the Essenes with the Site and the Scrolls**;
    • Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible**; Early Judaism**; Early Christianity**;
      • Dead Sea Scrolls – Significance – Early Christianity – Attitude to Scripture*; Sectarianism and Differentiation**; The Law*; Immersion for Purification*; Eschatology*; Son of Man*; Kingdom of God*; Miracles*; Mystery*; Dualism*; Devotion*; Leadership*; Community Property*; Women*; Melchizedek*; Calendar*; Ritual Meal*;
  • Deuteronomy – Name of the Book and Its Meaning*; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Deuteronomy – Deuteronomy and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty – Other Literary Influences*;
    • Deuteronomy – Structure and Contents – Deuteronomy and the Covenant Code***; The Decalogue**; Deuteronomy and the Status of Women**;
  • Didache – Name*; Canonical and/or Noncanonical Status*; Authorship and Date*; Edition, Translations, and Commentaries*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretations and Open Questions*; New Required Research*;

E edit

  • Ecclesiastes – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern Views**; Interpretation**; Structure and Contents***; Reception History**;
  • 1 Enoch – The Text of 1 Enoch and the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Authorship and the Figure of Enoch**; The “Book of the Watchers” (1 Enoch 1-36)***; The “Book of Parables” (1 Enoch 37-71)**; The “Book of the Luminaries” (1 Enoch 72-82)**; The “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83-90)**; The “Epistle of Enoch” (1 Enoch 92-105)**; The History of Traditions about 1 Enoch***;
  • Ephesians – Structure and Contents**; Setting and Purpose**; Authorship***; Theology**; Contribution*;
  • 1 Esdras – The Abrupt Opening and Ending*; Interpolation of the Story of the Youths in the Narrative of the Return**; A Mixture of Genres*; Juxtaposition of Alternative Narratives and Chronological Confusion*; Reordering the Narrative of the Return: Zerubbabel's Return History (Ezra 2:1-4:5//1 Esd 5:7-45) and the Complaint to Artaxerxes (Ezra 4:7-24//1 Esd. 2:15-25)**; The Reading of the Torah (Neh. 8:1-13//1 Esd. 9:36-55) and the Omission of Nehemiah's Memoirs**; First Esdras as a Whole – Title, Structure, and Concept*;
  • 2 Esdras – Canonicity*; Language, Date, and Provenance*; Form and Function***; Reception History*; Fifth Ezra and 6 Ezra*;
  • Esther and Additions to Esther – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Outline**; Interpretation**; Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents**; Reception History*;
    • Esther and Additions to Esther – Greek Additions to Esther: Structure and Contents – Outline of the Greek Additions to Esther*; Discussion of the Greek Additions**;
  • Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon***; Authorship, Date, and Literary History***; Historical Context***; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • Exodus – Canonical Status and Location in the Canon – Exodus and Deuteronomy*; Exodus and the Former Prophets**; Exodus and Genesis**;
    • Exodus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History – The Identification of the E Source*; The Identification of the J Source**; The P Literature**;
    • Exodus – Interpretation – The Setting**; The Characters**;
      • Exodus – Interpretation – The Characters – The Conflict**; The Journey*; The Revelation**; The Sanctuary*;
  • Ezekiel – Name of Book and Meaning**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship: Traditional and Modern*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • Ezekiel – Structure and Contents – I. Prophetic Call Narrative*; II. Prophecies of Judgment***; III.. Prophecies Against Foreign Nations**; IV. Prophecies of Salvation**;
  • Ezra and Nehemiah – Versions, Place in the Canons, and Date**; Content and Structure***; Scholarly Issues of Interpretation***; The Impact of Ezra/Nehemiah*; Scholarly Reception of Ezra-Nehemiah**;
    • Ezra and Nehemiah – Content and Structure – The Textualization of the Tradition**; The Community as the Chief Protagonist of the Reconstruction*; The Expansion of the “House of God” to Encompass the People and City, Not Only the Temple*; Structure*;
    • Ezra and Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”?***; What Is the Compositional History of Ezra-Nehemiah?*; What Was the Relationship between Samaria and Yehud/Judah?*; What Was the Conflict with the People of the Land and the Crisis of “Mixed Marriages”?**; What Was Ezra's “Torah”?**;
      • Ezra and Nehemiah – Scholarly Issues of Interpretation – How Authentic Are Ezra-Nehemiah's “Documents”? - Royal Edicts and Correspondence*; Nehemiah Memoir*; Ezra Memoir and Ezra “Source”*; The Lists*;

G edit

  • Galatians – Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation History**;
    • Galatians – Interpretation History – 1. The Antioch Incident*; 2. The Purpose and End of the Law**; 3. New Creation**;
  • Genesis – Name of Book*; Canonical Status and Location**; Structure and Contents***; Authorship of Genesis**; Dates of Composition, Historical Contexts, Literary History, and History in Genesis***; History of Interpretation***; Reception History**;
  • Gospels – Euaggelion as a Literary Designation**; The Diversity of Gospels***; Gospels by Analogy**; The Literary Character of Gospels***; Literary Relationships Among the Gospels***; Prospects*;
    • Gospels – The Diversity of Gospels – Narrative Gospels*; Passion Gospels*; Sayings Gospels*; Post-Resurrection Dialogues*; Theological Tractates*; Other Gospels*;
    • Gospels – Gospels by Analogy – Narrative Gospels*; Passion and Infancy Gospels*; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue/Discourse Gospels*;
    • Gospels – The Literary Character of Gospels – Narrative Gospels***; Sayings Gospels**; Dialogue Gospels*;
    • Gospels – Literary Relationships Among the Gospels – The Synoptic Problem**; John and the Synoptics**; The Gospel of Thomas**; Jewish-Christian gospels*;

H edit

  • Habakkuk – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
  • Haggai – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation*; Reception History*;
  • Hebrews – Name*; Canonical Status*; Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
  • Hosea – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History*; Textual Difficulties*; Structure*; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • Hosea – Interpretation – Interpretation of Hosea 1-3***; Interpretations of the Book of Hosea**; Hosea as Literature**;

I edit

  • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius – Manuscripts and Authenticity**; Major Themes of the Letters**; Major Scholarly Debates**; Other Matters*;
    • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius – Major Themes of the Letters – Discipleship and Martyrdom**; Unity and Schism**; Jewish/Gentile Relations*;
    • Ignatius, Letters of or Letters of Ignatius – Major Scholarly Debates – Situation Reflected: Antioch or Western Asia Minor?*; Situation in Antioch*; Opponents*;
  • Isaiah – Chapters 1-39***; Chapters 40-66***; The Formation of the Book (with Special Reference to Chapters 1-2 and 32-29)***; Literary Features**; Major Theological Themes***; Reception History***;
    • Isaiah – Chapters 1-39 – Isaiah 1-2 as Overtures*; Isaiah 3-5 and the Social Background**; Isaiah 6-8 and Isaiah's Prophetic Biography**; Isaiah 9 and the Fall of Samaria*; Isaiah 10, 28-31 and the Siege of Sennacherib**; Isaiah (;1-6 and Isaiah 11-12: Royal Announcements**; Isaiah 13-23: Oracles Against the Nations***; Isaiah 24-27**;
    • Isaiah – Chapters 40-66 – Isaiah 40-48: Between Babylon and Persia**; The Servant and the Servants**; Isaiah 56-66: New Grace and New Judgment**;

J edit

  • James – Authorship**; Date and Historical Context**; Literary Genre*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Jeremiah – Background Information**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Jeremiah – Interpretation – 1:1-3 Historical Superscription*; 1:4-19 Jeremiah's Commission and Inaugural Visions**; 2:1-10:25 Oracles of Warning to Jerusalem**; 11:1-20:18 Prophetic Laments and Sign-Acts**; 21:1-29:32 Against the Jerusalem Leadership***; 30:1-31:40 The Book of Consolation**; 32:1 -45:5 Struggles for Political Authority**; 46:1-51:64 The Routing of Judah's Enemies**; 52:1-34 The Destruction of Jerusalem*;
  • Jeremiah, Letter of or Letter of Jeremiah – Authorship, Date, and Language*; Genre, Contents, and Interpretation**;
  • Job – Authorship, Date, and Context**; Literary History***; Outline*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation***; Reception***;
    • Job – Structure and Contents – The Prologue**; The Wisdom Dialogue**; The Wisdom Poem*; Job's Final Defense**; Elihu's Speeches*; The Divine Speeches**; The Epilogue*;
    • Job – Interpretation – The Prologue: A Critique of Fear**; The Wisdom Dialogue: The Clash of Incommensurable Perspectives**; Jobs 28: Wisdom as the Missing Piece*; The Divine Speeches**;
  • Joel – Canon and Text*; Joel, Person and Name*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretative Questions**; Subsequent Influence*;
    • Joel – Structure and Contents – Calls to Respond to Disasters: Joel 1:2-13*; Prophetic Responses: Joel 1:15-20*; Invaders Revisited: Joel 2:1-11*; Prophetic Address: Joel 2:12-17*; God's Answer: Joel 2:18-27*; Universal Prophecy: Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3)*; The Final Battle: Joel 3:1-21 (Heb. 4:1-21)*;
  • John, Gospel according to or Gospel according to John – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts(s)**; Literary History**; Outline**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • John, Gospel according to or Gospel according to John – Interpretation – The Prologue as Conclusion (1:1-18)**; Seeking and Finding Community (1:19-51)*; The Wedding Motif from Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54)**; Claiming Moses and Fulfilling Feasts (5:1-10:21)**; From Bethany to Bethany: The Temple Resolved (10:22-12:11)**; The Passion Week: The New Community as the Beloved Spouse (12:12-20:31)**; “That You Might Continue to Believe”: The Living Bridegroom (20:1-31)*; The Epilogue: The Community Moves Forward (21:1-25)*;
  • 1, 2, and 3 John – Dating and Sequence**; Composition and Structure*; Purpose of Writing*; Historical Context**; Audience and Authorship**; Reception and Influence*;
  • Jonah – Structure and Contents**; Interpretation and Reception**;
    • Jonah – Structure and Contents – Inner-Biblical Allusions in Jonah*; Humor in Jonah*;
    • Jonah – Interpretation and Reception – Theology and Justice**;
  • Joseph and Aseneth – Contents**; Interpretation*; History of Scholarship**;
  • Joshua – Authorship and Literary Affiliation**; Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Structure and Content***; Interpretation**; Historical Context**; Reception History**;
  • Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text***; Jubilee's Responses to the Hellenistic-[Jewish] Context**; Jubilean Halakah**; Unity of the Book**; Author and Date**; Text History**;
    • Jubilees – Jubilee's Reworking of the Biblical Text – Contemporary Cultural Influences*; Halakah*; Apocalyptic Features*; Alterations to Biblical Scenes and Characterizations**; Poetics*; Distrinctive Features of Jubilees*;
    • Jubilees – Author and Date – The Argument for Qumranic Provenance**;
    • Jubilees – Text History – Literary Echoes**; Status at Qumran and Elsewhere**;
  • Jude – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Judges – Title*; Date*; Place in Canon*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation History**; Reception History**;
    • Judges – Literary History – The Book of Rescuers (Judg. 3:12-8:28)*; “Chapter Two” of the Deuteronomic History (Judg. 2:6-16:11)*; The Scroll of Judges (Judg. 1-21)*;
    • Judges – Structure and Contents – A. The Introductory Section (Judg. 1:1-2:5)*; B. The Heroic Anthology (Judg. 2:6-16:31)***; C. The Concluding Section (Judg. 17:1-21:25)**;

K edit

  • 1 and 2 Kings – Name, Place in Canon*; Authorship***; Contents and Structure***;
    • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11)**; The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17)**; The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 Kgs 18-25)**; Chronology***; Historicity*; Language and Style**; Reception and History**;
      • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents*;
      • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel***; The Kingdom of Judah**;
        • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Israel – Sources*; Perspective**; Contents***;
        • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Separate Histories of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah until the Fall of Israel (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 17) – The Kingdom of Judah – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;
      • 1 and 2 Kings – Contents and Structure – The Kingdom of Judah until its Fall (2 kgs 18-25) – Sources*; Perspective*; Contents**;

L edit

  • Lamentations – Location in Canon*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Context**; Textual History*; Genre*; Poetry and Major Themes*; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation***; Reception History*;
    • Lamentations – Structure, Contents, and Interpretation – Lamentations 1-2*; Lamentations 3*; Lamentations 4*; Lamentations 5*;
  • Letters – Epigraphic Letters**; Writing and Delivering a Letter**; Literacy*; Dictation, Transport, and Delivery**; Terminology**; Form**; Letters in the Hebrew Bible**; Greco-Roman Letters**; Letters in the New Testament**; Letters in the Apocrypha**; Additional Literary Sources*; The Literary Use of Letters*;
    • Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Arad*; Lachish*; Other Hebrew Sources from the Biblical Period*; Elephantine*; Postbiblical Letters**;
      • Letters – Epigraphic Letters – Postbiblical Letters – Qumran*; Masada*; Bar Kochba*;
    • Letters – Writing and Delivering a Letter – Papyrus**; Leather*; Pottery (Ostraca)*; Other Materials*; Inks*;
    • Letters – Form – A. Initial Address*; B. Initial Greeting**; C. Body*; D-F. Concluding Formulas*; G. Outside Address*; Example of an Epigraphic Letter*;
    • Letters – Letters in the Hebrew Bible – Definite References to Letters*; The Aramaic Letters in Ezra*; Probable Letters*; Questionable Cases*; Generically Marginal or Mixed Cases*;
    • Letters – Greco-Roman Letters – Form**;
    • Letters – Letters in the New Testament – Greco-Roman Rhetoric and the New Testament Letters**; Greco-Roman and Near Eastern Letters**; Pseudonymity**;
  • Leviticus – Authorship, Date, and Literary History**; Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Outline*; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Leviticus – Interpretation – Sacrifice**; Holiness and Commonness**; Purity and Impurity**; Priestly Outlook**;
  • Lost Books – Sacred Writings and Canon*; Lost Books***; Other Christian Books*; Assessment**;
    • Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible***; Books Mentioned in the New Testament**;
      • Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible – Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14)*; Book of Jaschar*; Annals of the Kings of Israel and Judah*; Book of Acts of Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:41)*; Chronicles*; Books Attributed to Prophets*; Laments*; Other Books*;
      • Lost Books – Lost Books – Books Mentioned in the New Testament – Gospels*; Letters Attributed to Paul**; Acts 19:19*; Agrapha*;
  • Luke, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Luke – Manuscript Evidence and Earliest Attestation**; Attestation*; Authorship**; Date*; Location and Audience*; Sources**; Structure and Genre**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • Luke, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Luke – Interpretation – Salvation History**; Rich and Poor in Luke**; Women in Luke**; Luke and Judaism**;

M edit

  • 1 Maccabees – The Name of 1 Maccabees**; The Canonical Status of 1 Maccabees**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; The Relationship Between 1, 2, 3 and 4 Maccabees*; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
    • 1 Maccabees – Structure and Contents – Section 1 (chs. 1-2)*; Section 2 (chs. 3:1-9:22)**; Section 3 (chs. 9:23-16:24)**;
  • 2 Maccabees – Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Setting of the Epitomist*; Date and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Literary History**; Interpretation**; Jewish and Christian Reinterpretations**; Later Reception History**;
  • 3 Maccabees – Authorship, Origins, and Date**; Historicizing Fiction**; Religious and Cultural Significance**; Transmission History*;
  • 4 Maccabees – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Malachi – Name*; Canonical Status and Location**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History*; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
  • Mark, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Mark – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation*; Reception History**;
    • Mark, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Mark – Structure and Contents – 1. The Coming Kingdom of God*; 2. Jesus's Christological Identity**; 3. The Incomprehension of the Disciples*;
  • Mary, Gospel of or Gospel of Mary – The Title of the Gospel*; Attestation, Date, and Authorship**; Structure, Contents, and Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Matthew, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Matthew – Canonical Status and Location in Canon**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Matthew, Gospel According to or Gospel According to Matthew – Structure and Contents – Introduction, Part 1: The Infancy Narrative (1:1-2:23)*; Introduction, Part II: Prologue to Jesus' Ministry (3:1-4:25)*; First Discourse: The Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:29)*; Narrative Section: Healings and Miracles (8:1-(;38)**; Second Discourse: On the Mission of the Twelve (10:1-42)**; Narrative Section: Growing Tensions and Conflicts (11:1-12:50)**; Third Discourse: Parables About the Kingdom of Heaven (13:1-52)**; Narrative Section: Messianic Claims and the Demands of Discipleship (13:53-17:27)**; Fourth Discourse: Rules for the Members of the Ekklēsia (18:1-35)**; Narrative Section: Teaching, Healing, and Conflict in Judea and Jerusalem (19:1-24:2)**; Fifth Discourse: The End of Time and the Final Judgment (24:3-25:46)**; The Passion and Resurrection: Narrative (26:1-28:20)**;
  • Micah – Background Information*; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation***; Reception History**;
    • Micah – Interpretation – Micah 1**; Micah 2**; Micah 3*; Micah 4*; Micah 5*; Micah 6*; Micah 7*;

N edit

  • Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries***; Nag Hammadi Archaeology**; Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices***; The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library and Other Codices**;
    • Nag Hammadi Library – Discoveries – The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library according to Jean Doresse*; The Nag Hammadi Discovery According to James M. Robinson**; The Discovery of Berlin Gnostic Codex 8502*; The Discovery of Codex Tchacos*;
    • Nag Hammadi Library – Nag Hammadi Archaeology – Archaeology at the Jabal al-Tarif and Pbow**; Archaeological and Historical Investigation in the Nag Hammadi Region*;
    • Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts***;
      • Nag Hammadi Library – Texts from the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Codices – Gnostic Texts – Thomas Christianity**; Sethian Gnostic Thought***; Texts of Hermetic Religion and Other Texts**;
  • Nahum – Authorship*; Contents and Structure*; Date**; Literary Issues**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Nahum – Literary Issues – Genre*; Nahum as Poet*; Nahum in the Wider Literary Context**;
  • Numbers – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Contents and Structure of the Final Composition*; Authorship**; Dates of Composition and Historical Contexts***; Interpretation**; Reception History*;

O edit

  • Obadiah – Content and Interpretation**;

P edit

  • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul – Authorship and Pseudonymity**; History of Modern Research – Trends and Developments**; The Authentic Letters***; The Disputed Letters***; The Pseudonymous Letters**;
    • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul – The Authentic Letters – Romans**; First Corinthians**; Second Corinthians**; Galatians**; Philippians**; First Thessalonians**; Philemon**;
    • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul – The Disputed Letters – Ephesians**; Colossians**; Second Thessalonians**;
    • Paul, Letters of or Letters of Paul – The Pseudonmyous Letters – The Pastoral Letters (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus)**;
  • Paul and Thecla, Acts of or Acts of Paul and Thecla – Relation to Canonical Books**; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context*; Literary History**; Contents**;
  • Pesharim - “Continuous Pesharim”**; “Thematic” Pesharim**; Other Occurrences of the Word “Pesher” and Commentaries*;
  • Peshitta and Other Syriac Versions – Name*; Origin and Dating of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Origin and Dating of the New Testament Peshitta*; Extent of the Peshitta*; Scholarly Significance of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Scholarly Significance of the New Testament Peshitta*; Other Syriac Versions of the Old Testament*; Other Syriac Versions of the New Testament*; Editions and Translations of the Old Testament Peshitta**; Editions and Translations of the New Testament Peshitta*; Legacy: The Bible of the Syriac Churches*;
  • 1 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Place of Composition*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**;
  • 2 Peter – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date and Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Philemon – The Traditional Interpretation: Onesimus as a Runaway Slave from Colossae*; The Traditional Interpretation Adapted: Onesimus as Bishop of Ephesus*; The Traditional Interpretation Challenged: Reassessing Onesimus**; The Enduring Appeal of Philemon*;
  • Philip, Gospel of or Gospel of Philip – Location in Early Christianity**; Theological Ideas**; Key Figures**; Significance*;
  • Philippians – Canonical Status*; Authorship*; Date(s) of Composition and Historical Contexts**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate**; The Middle Ages**;
    • Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate – The Ancient Form of the Acts of Pilate – Manuscript Tradition*; Contents**; A Consistent Account?*; Dating*; Milieu of Origin*;
    • Pilate, Acts of or Acts of Pilate – The Middle Ages – Contents*; Literary Descendants*; Canonicity*; Artistic Reception*; Related Works*;
  • Prayers and Hymns – Categorizing Prayers and Hymns*; Prayers and Hymns in Narrative Contexts in the Hebrew Bible***; Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians***;
    • Prayers and Hymns – Prayers and Hymns as Sources for the Reconstruction of Liturgical Practices of Jews and Early Christians – Prayers and Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls**; Prayers and Hymns from the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha**; Prayers and Hymns in Early Christian Writings**;
  • Proverbs – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Dates of Composition and Historical Context(s)**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
    • Proverbs – Structure and Contents – Proverbs 1-9: “The Proverbs of Solomon”*; Proverbs 10:1-22:16: “The Proverbs of Solomon,” Part 2*; Proverbs 22:17-24:22: “The Words of the Wise”*; Proverbs 24:23-34*; Proverbs 25-29*; Proverbs 30: “The Words of Agur, Son of Jakeh”*; Proverbs 31: “The Words of King Lemuel”*;
  • Psalms – Position in the Canon*; Authorship**; Structure and Compilation of the Book**; Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book***; Literary History***; Interpretation***;
    • Psalms – Rubrics and Technical Terms Used in the Book – Authorial or Pseudepigraphal Headings*; Historical Headings*; Genre Headings**; Headings for Liturgical Occasions*; Musical Headings*; Instructional Headings*; Hallelujah*; Technical Terms inside Psalms*;
    • Psalms – Literary History – Gunkel's Basic Categories***; A Puzzling Problem**; Post-Gunkel Approaches***;
  • Pseudepigrapha – The Term and the Collection**; Jewish or Christian Origin?**; Survey of Pseudepigrapha***; The Significance of the Pseudepigrapha**;
    • Pseudepigrapha – Survey of Pseudepigrapha – Revisions and Expansions of Biblical Material***; Apocalypses***; Testamentary Literature***; Apologetic, Wisdom, and Philosophical Texts**; Edifying Tales and Romances**; Liturgical Texts**;

R edit

  • Rabbinic Literature – Introduction***; Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures***; New Testament***;
    • Rabbinic Literature – Introduction – The Documents of Rabbinic Literature**; The Mishnah**; The Post-Mithnaic Legal Literature: The Tosefta and Talmuds**; Scripture and the Exegetical Tradition of the Written Torah**; The Midrashic Compilations*; Genesis Rabbah*; Leviticus Rabbah*; Pesiqta de Rab Kahana*; Song of Songs Rabbah*; Ruth Rabbah*; Lamentations Rabbah (also called Eikha Rabbati)*; The Rabbinic Literature as Oral Torah**;
    • Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – The Rabbinic “Canon” of the Bible**; Readings from the Bible in the Synagogue in Rabbinic Times*; Oral Torah*; Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture***; Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels**;
      • Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture – The Form “Midrash”**; Targum*; The Rabbinic View of the Bible and Its Effect on the Nature of Midrash*; Prerabbinic Forms of Midrash\?*; The Three-part Tanak and Some Formal Characteristics of Rabbinic Midrash*; The Origins and Many Purposes of Midrash**; Midrash Halakah and Midrash Haggadah**; Rabbinic and Patristic Interpretations of Scripture: Schools, Common Features, and the Question of Interaction**;
      • Rabbinic Literature – Hebrew Bible and Jewish Scriptures – Rabbinic Hermeneutics and Hellenistic Parallels – The Seven Rules of Hillel and the Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael**; The Methods of Midrash Haggadah*;
    • Rabbinic Literature – New Testament – Methodology***; Jewish Law before the Halakah**; Exegetical Principles**; Midrashic Parallels**; Anti-Christian Polemic**;
  • Revelation – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Traditional and Modern Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context***; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation***; Reception History***;
    • Revelation – Interpretation – Title, Epistolatory Opening, and Introduction to the Visions (1:1-8)*; Vision of a “Son of Man” and the Messages of the Seven Churches (1:9-3:22)*; Vision of the Heavenly Throne Room and the Seven Seals (4:1-8:5)**; The Seven Trumpets (8:6-11:19)**; Unnumbered Visions of Conflict, Deliverance, and Judgment (12:1-15:4)**; Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21)*; Vision of the Fall of Babylon (17:1-19:10)**; Unnumbered Visions Cataloging God's Defeat of His Enemies (19:11-21:8)**; Vision of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:7)*; Epilogue and Epistolary Closing (22:8-21)**;
  • Romans – Authorship and Integrity of the Letter*; Historical Context**; Occasion and Purpose**; Audience*; Structure of the Letter**; Interpretation**; Reception**;
  • Ruth – Names**; Location in the Canon and Textual Evidence*; Author**; Historical Context and Date of Composition**; Structure and Contents**; Reception History**;

S edit

  • Samaritan Pentateuch – Qumran and the SP*; The Character of the SP***;
  • 1 and 2 Samuel – Canonical Status**; Authorship**; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History***; Structure and Contents***; Interpretation**; Reception History***;
    • 1 and 2 Samuel – Structure and Contents – Outline*; Samuel**; Saul**; David**; Women**;
  • Septaugint and Other Ancient Greek Translations – Name and Nature*; Scope*; Sequence of the Books**; Original Form, Jewish Background, Place, and Date**; Evidence**; Editions*; Auxiliary Tools*; Exegesis**; Translation Technique*; Retroversion of the Parent Text*; Hebrew Source of the LXX**; Greek and Hebrew Scrolls from the Judean Desert**; Revisions of the Septaugint**; The Greek Versions and Christianity**;
  • Shepherd of Hermas – Canonical Status*; Authorship and Date**; Genre, Structure, and Contents**; Interpretation**;
  • Sirach – Name of the Book*; Canonical Status**; Authorship*; Date and Historical Context***; Textual and Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History*;
  • Song of Solomon – Canonical Status and Location in Canon*; Authorship, Date of Composition, and Historical Context**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;

T edit

  • Targumim – The Origin of Targumim*; Early Written Targumim**; Texts***; Chief Targumic Themes**; Genres**; Connections of Targums with Other Topics**;
    • Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch***; The Prophets**; The Writings**;
      • Targumim – Texts – The Pentateuch – Onkelos**; The Palestinian Targums*; Pseudo-Jonathan**; The Cairo Genizah Fragments of the Palestinian Targum**; The Fragment Targums of the Pentateuch**; Codex Neofiti 1**; Palestinian Targumic Toseftot*; Liturgical Palestinian Targum-Inspired Poems*;
      • Targumim – Texts – The Prophets – Jonathan*; Targum Prophets Toseftot*;
      • Targumim – Texts – The Writings – Job*; Psalms*; Proverbs*; Lamentations**; Canticles**; Ruth*; Qohelet*; Esther*; Chronicles*;
    • Targumim – Connections of Targums with Other Topics – The Syriac Pentateuch and the Targumim*; Targumim: Interpretative Tradition. Origin in Synagogue or School?*; Targumim and New Testament*; Tell-like Structure of our Present Targumim*;
  • Testaments – The Testament of Moses**; The Vision of Amram**; The Testament of Job**; The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs**; Other “Testamentary” Literature**; Reception History*;
    • Testaments – The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs – Original Language and Textual Witnesses*; Date, Provenance, and Authorship***; Form, Content, and Function***;
  • Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible***; Apocrypha***; New Testament***;
    • Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text***; The Septaugint and Its Versions***; Other Versions of the Hebrew Text***;
      • Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Hebrew Text – The Masoretic Text (MT)**; The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP)**; The Qumran Scrolls**;
      • Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – The Septaugint and Its Versions – The Septaugint (LXX)***; The Old Latin (OL)**; The Syro-Hexapla**;
      • Text Criticism – Hebrew Bible – Other Versions of the Hebrew Text – The Targumim**; Peshitta**; The Vulgate**;
    • Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Modern Study**; Aims*; Greek Compositions**; Books Translated from Semitic Originals***; Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain**; Reception History**;
      • Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Greek Compositions - Maccabees*; Baruch*; Wisdom of Solomon*; Esther*; Prayer of Manasseh*;
      • Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Translated from Semitic Originals – Tobit*; Additions to Esther*; Sirach**; First Maccabees*; First-Second Esdras*; Additions to Daniel*; Psalm 151*;
      • Text Criticism – Apocrypha – Books Whose Original Language Is Uncertain – Judith*; Letter of Jeremiah*; Psalms of Solomon*;
    • Text Criticism – New Testament – Terminology*; Witnesses**; History of Editions***; Principles of Criticism**; Illustrative Variants**;
      • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts**; Early Versions**; Patristic Citations**;
        • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127)**; Majuscules (321)**; Miniscules (2907)**; Lectionaries (2450)*;
          • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Papyri (127) – P45*; P46*; P47*; P52*; P66*; P72*; P75*;
          • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Majuscules (321) - א

(01) or Codex Sinaiticus*; A (02) or Codex Alexandrinus*; B (03) or Codex Vaticanus*; C (04) or Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus*; D (05) or Codex Bezae*; D (06) or Codex Claromontanus*; F (010) or Codex Augiensis*; G (012) or Codex Boernerianus*; L (019) or Codex Regius*; W (032)*; Δ (037)*; Θ (038) or the Koridethi Gospels*; 046*;

          • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Greek Manuscripts – Miniscules (2907) – 1*; 13*; 28*; 33*; 81*; 383*; 565*; 579*; 614*; 700*; 892*; 1241*; 1424*; 1739*; 2053*; 2344*;
        • Text Criticism – New Testament – Witnesses – Early Versions – Latin (latt)*; Syriac*; Coptic (co)*; Armenian (arm)*; Gothic (got)*; Ethiopic (aeth)*; Georgian (geo)*; Old Church Slavonic (slav)*;
      • Text Criticism – New Testament - Principles of Criticism – External*; Internal**;
      • Text Criticism – New Testament - Illustrative Variants – Mark 10:7*; Mark 16:9-20*; John 1:18*; John &;53-8:11*; Romans 5:1*; First Timothy 3:16**;
  • 1 Thessalonians – Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Literary Context*; Literary History*; Structure and Contents*; Interpretation**; Reception**;
  • 2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure**; Literary Relationship Between 1 and 2 Thessalonians**; Authorship and Date of Composition**;
    • 2 Thessalonians – Content and Structure – Exordion (1:1-12)*; Partitio (2:1-2)*; Probation (2:3-3:5)*; Exhortatio (3_6-15)*; Peroratio (3:16-18)*;
    • 2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity**; Argumkents for Authenticity**;
      • 2 Thessalonians – Authorship and Date of Composition – Arguments for Pseudonymity – Literary Dependence*; Contradictory Eschatological Discourses**; The Lack of Personal References*; The References to Forgery in 2 Thess. 2:2 and 3:27*;
  • Thomas, Gospel of or Gospel of Thomas – The Gospel of Thomas in Early Christianity**; Authorship and Place of Origin**; Structure and Organization**; Sources of the Gospel**; Principal Themes*; Debates within the Text*; Difficulties of Interpretation**; The Dependence or Independence Debate**; The Thomasine Community**;
  • 1 Timothy – Authorship and Genre**; Context*; Audience, Contents, and Interpretation**;
  • Tobit – Date and Place of Composition*; Text**; Literary Character**; Original Language*; Sources*; Main Themes*; Reception History**;
    • Tobit – Literary Character – Tobit and Reader Engagement**;
  • Translations, English or English Translations – Versions before 1611***; 1611: Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions***; An Overview of Modern Versions***; Modern Pioneers**; Translation Theory and Bible Translation**;
    • Translations, English or English Translations – Versions before 1611 – The Wycliffe Bible**; Tyndale's Version (New Testament; 1526-1534)**; The Coverdale Bible (1535)*; The Matthew's Bible (1537)*; The Taverner's Bible (1539)*; The Great Bible (1539)*; The Geneva Bible (1560)*; The Bishop's Bible (1568)*; The Rheims-Douay Bible, or Douay-Rheims Bible (1582-1609)**;
    • Translations, English or English Translations – Authorized (King James) Version and Its Revisions – The Authorized (King James) Version (1611)**; The Revised Version (1885)**; The American Standard Version (1901)*; The Revised Standard Version (1952)*; The New American Standard Bible (1971)*; The New King James Version (1982)*; The New Revised Standard Version (1989)*;
    • Translations, English or English Translations – An Overview of Modern Versions – A New Translation of the Bible (1926-1955) by James Moffatt*; An American Translation (1927) by Smith and Goodspeed*; The New Testament in Modern English (1958) by J. R. Phillips*; The Jerusalem Bible (1966)*; The New English Bible (1970)*; The New American Bible (1970)*; The Good News Translation (1976)*; The New International Version (1978)*; Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures (1985)*; The New Testament and Psalms: An Inclusive Version (1995)*; The New Living Translation (1996)*; The English Standard Version (2001)*; The NET Bible (2005-print edition)*; The Contemporary Torah: A Gender-Sensitive Adaptation of the JPS Translation (2006)*; Common English Bible (2011)*;
    • Translations, English or English Translations – Modern Pioneers – The Five Books of Moses: A New Translation with Introductions, Commentary and Notes (1995); Give Us a King!: Samuel, Saul, and David (1999) by Everett Fox*; The David Story: 1 and 2 Samuel (1999); The Five Books of Moses (2004); The Book of Psalms (2007); The Wisdom Books: Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes (2010) by Robert Alter*; Restored New Testament: A New Translation with Commentary, Including the Gnostic Gospels Thomas, Mary, and Judas (2009) by Willis Barnstone*;

V edit

W edit

  • Wisdom of Solomon – Contents and Structure**; Language, Provenance, and Date**; Genre and Purpose**; Theology**; Formative Influences**; Text and Versions*; Reception and Canonical Status**;

Z edit

  • Zechariah – Name*; Canonical Status and Location*; Authorship*; Date of Composition and Historical Context**; Literary History**; Structure and Contents**; Interpretation**; Reception History**;
  • Zephaniah – Location in Canon*; Textual Evidence*; Historical Context**; Contents and Structure*; Reception History*;
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible/Prospectus&oldid=1193671597"