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User:Ted Shackelford/sandbox

< User:Ted Shackelford

Homosexuality and same-sex relationships have been subject to various views and opinions in different societies throughout history, with positions ranging from anywhere between full acceptance to full rejection, in some situations carrying the potential for the application of capital punishment. The following list chronologically details cases in which capital punishment was used against individuals in same-sex relationships or otherwise known to be homosexual.

Note: Mass executions should only be referred to as "together" if it is known or implied that the individuals in question had prior relations with each other.

13th century edit

14th century edit

  •   Robert de Peronne, alias de Bray (1317), burned in Laon. His brother Jean was given an unknown sentence for the same charge the following year.[1][6]
  •   Pierre Poirer (1334), burned in Dorche, Savoy.[6]
  •   Name unknown (1344), burned in Dorche, Savoy.[1]
  •   Juce Abolfaça and Simuel Nahamán (1345), Jews from Puente la Reina, chained to a tree and burned together at Olite.[1][7]
  •   Pascoal de Rojas (1346), burned in Tudela for "heresy with his body".[1]
  •   Agostino di Ercole (1348), sentenced to death (and presumed executed) in Florence; he did not believe his crime was serious and felt that if he was worthy of death, "then many others were to be considered worthy of death".[8]
  •   Pietro di Ferrara (20 February 1349), servant, burned in Venice. Tried and convicted by the Lords of the Night along with fellow servant Giacomello di Bologna on December 29, 1348, who was only banished as he did not confess.[9]
  •   Rolandino/Rolandina Roncaglia (20 March 1354), cross-dressing male prostitute or transgender woman, burned in Venice. Originally from Padua, prior to presenting as female he/she was sometimes mistaken for a woman because of his/her feminine mannerisms. Sold eggs by day and sold sexual favors by night; most clients did not know of Roncaglia's sex. Worked for 7 years before he/she was reported by a client and arrested.[10][11]
  •   Nicoleto Marmagna and Giovanni Braganza (3 October 1357), Venetian boatman and his servant, burned together by the Lords of the Night. Marmagna was married to Braganza's sister.[1][9]
  •   Giovanni di Giovanni (7 May 1365), 15, publicly punished as a "a public and notorious passive sodomite".
  •   Name unknown (1372), burned in Reims.[1]
  •   Name unknown (1373), servant, burned in Olite for relations with another servant.[1]
  •   Willem Case and Jan van Aersdone (1373), executed together in Antwerp.[1]
  •   Names unknown (1375), two men, executed together in Ypres.[12]
  •   Heinrich Schreiber (1378), convicted by a Munich civil court and likely executed.[2]
  •   Br. Hans Storzl, Br. Eberhard of St. Lienhart, 2 Beghards, and a peasant (1381), burned together in Augsburg for "having committed heresy with one another".[2]
  •   Name unknown (1391), executed in Mechelen; only defendant of 17, including 2 women, to confess in a group trial.[12]
  •   Antoni (1395), slave of Francesc Peres burned in Barcelona.[13]
  •   Friedrich (1399), cook burned in Basel; his partner, Friedrich Schreglin, was banished.[2]

15th century edit

  •   Johannes Rorer (1400), bathhouse owner executed in Strasbourg; his partner, Heinzmann Hiltebrant, fled.[2]
  •   Nanni di Firenze (27 July 1401), sentenced to burn (presumed executed) in Venice.[14]
  •   Nani Silvestri (20 December 1401), merchant, sentenced to burn (presumed executed) in Venice.[15]
  •   Domenico da Fermo (3 January 1402), barber, bunred in Venice. Resisted interrogative torture, refusing to and retracting confessions.[16]
  •   Isaach Salamó (1403), Jew, burned in Perpignan.[13]
  •   Clario Contarini and 16 or 15 others (1407), young nobles and some clerics, all burned in Venice. From a group of 35, including 14 nobles, tried by the Council of Ten; scandal ensued due to the backgrounds of the accused.[17]
  •   Ulrich Frey, Jacob Kyss, Ulrich, and 2 others (1408 or 1409), ecclesiastics, one burned and the other 4 bound and starved in a wooden cage in Augsburg.[1][2]
  •   Names unknown (1418), two clerics, sentenced to be (and likely) burned together in Konstanz.[2]
  •   Domenico di Giovanni (29 July 1420), decapitated in Florence.[18]
  •   Alvisio (1421), burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna.[19]
  •   Francesco Guglielmi and Stefano da Prato (1422), burned together in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna. Guglielmi's house in Valdonica was also burnt and his innocent heirs' property was confiscated.[19]
  •   Francesco Mancini and Antonio Micileto (1 December 1423), Sicilian university law professor and his servant, beheaded together in Piazza del Comune, Bologna.[20]
  •   Hermann von Hohenlandberg (1431), Burgher and noble previously accused of robbing travelers outside of Zurich in 1419, executed there for relations with male adolescents.[2]
  •   Antonio d'Ugolino (9 May 1443), of S. Michele di Mugello, hanged and burned in Florence; buried in the temple.[18]
  •   Simon Barbiere Bizzello (28 May 1443 or 20 May 1444), decapitated in Florence.[18][21]
  •   Names unknown (1444), Bishop of Geneva's Greek personal chef and local Genevan, hanged together in Geneva. First executions in Geneva for sodomy.[22][23]
  •   Gooswyn de Wilde (1447), President of the States of Holland, beheaded.[24][25][26]
  •   Mahoma Mofari and Açen (1458), Muslim potters, sentenced to burn together in Lleida for relations between themselves and Christian prostitutes; Mahoma converted to Christianity as Pere Cirera, so he was drowned before burning.[13]
  •   Margarida Borràs (1460), transgender woman, executed in Valencia under anti-sodomy laws.
  •   Name unknown (1463), sentenced to burn (presumed executed) by the Court of Holland.[26]
  •   Names unknown (1464), a sexton of a pilgrimage church and a boy, burned together in Einsiedeln.[2]
  •   Ermolao Foscari and Mafeo Barbaro (1464), beheaded and burned in Venice; their younger (puer) companions, Giovanni Basadona and Giovanni Filippo Priuli, were both exiled for 8 years.[9]
  •   Joan de Llobera and Bartomeu Polo (28 May 1464), a counselor of Barcelona in 1463 and an "immoral hermit", strangled and burnt together on La Rambla in Barcelona.[13]
  •   Gaspar Rajadell and Joan Sori (21 July 1464), the latter a scribe, drowned in a wine bucket and burnt together on La Rambla in Barcelona.[13]
  •   Antonio di Giovanni Pucca (17 April 1469), beccamorto, decapitated in Florence.[18]
  •   Georg Semler, Fritz Rottel, Stefan Karl, and Andre Vetter (1471), decapitated in Regensburg.[2]
  •   Names unknown (1474), 18 Lombard mercenaries, captured and burned in Basel.[2]
  •  Names unknown (24 December 1474), 18 Lombard soldiers, executed in Burgundy.[27]
  •   Padano d'Otranto and Marino Alegeti (1474), beheaded and burned together in Piazza San Marco, Venice, by the Council of Ten. Two from a group of six tried by the Council, and the only ones executed due to their active status; the others received lesser punishments.[9]
  •   Names unknown (1476), five men, burned in Barcelona during a plague attack.[28]
  •   Marco Baffo and Francesco Toniuti (11 September 1476), hanged together in Venice by the Council of Ten. Baffo was married to the daughter of Piramo da Veglia.[29]
  •   Katherina Hetzeldorfer (1477), cross-dressing lesbian drowned in the Rhine at Speyer.
  •   Francesco Cercato (1480), hanged between the columns of a square in Venice.[30]
 
Burning of Hohenburg and Mätzler, 1482
  •   Richard Puller von Hohenburg and Anton Mätzler (24 Septmeber 1482), 28 (Hohenburg), Alsatian noble and knight in Switzerland and his servant, burned together in Zurich.
  •   Marco Baffo (1485), hanged in Venice.[31]
  •   Cristan Schriber (1488), burned in Konstanz.[2]
  •   Hans Zogg and Uli im Tann (1489), burned together in Lucerne.[2]
 
Decapitation of Hans Waldemann, 1489
  •   Hans Waldemann (6 April 1489), 54, mayor of Zurich beheaded after a peasant revolt.
  •   Name unknown (1490s), 17, hanged in Ferrara.[32]
  •   Jehan Ruaulx (1493), pastry chef, executed in Fribourg after returning from France with an ear and his penis missing for a sodomy charge in Sisteron. Admitted to relations with several men, including a cleric, at both Fribourg and Lausanne.[2]
  •   Names unknown (1495), six Italians, seen hanged upside down by a German traveler in Almería.[28]

16th century edit

  •   Names unknown (year unknown), nuns, burned together in Spain for using "material instruments"; mentioned in the writings of Antonio Gómez.[23]
  •   Geronimo (15 March 1504), burned in Genoa at the public square of Vastato.[33]
  •   Names unknown (1506), 12 men, burned in Seville.[1]
  •   Heinrich Baltschmid, Felix Bluntschli, Caspar Noll, and Hans Honegger (1506), burned in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Jerome and a bottlemaker (1506), burned together in Strasbourg.[2]
  •   Giovanni di Piero Masini (25 August 1514), baker's boy, hanged and burned in the courtyard of the Bargello, Florence.[21]
  •   Jacob von Schloss (1515), thief who admitted to relations with several older men of higher social rank; burned in Zurich. Blamed the welsch (French, Savoyards, etc.) for introducing sodomy to Germans, claiming he was first seduced by notary in the Savoy court of Geneva.[2][34]
  •   Salomon Antón (1519), Sicilian master on the Victoria, burned at sea under Ferdinand Magellan off the coast of Santa Lucia, Brazil. The Genoese grummet and apprentice sailor implicated with him, António Varesa, drowned in the same area shortly afterwards when thrown overboard by his shipmates.[35][36]
  •   Andres von Tschafel (1519), broken on the wheel and burned in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Blasius Hipold (1519), burned in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Bonifaz Dorn (27 January 1519), decapitated in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Johannes Nusser (1520), broken on the wheel in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Hans Propstli (1525), decapitated and burned in Solothurn; blamed the welsch. First execution in Solothurn.[2][37]
  •   Hans Fritschi (1530), monastery laborer, decapitated in Schaffhausen.[2]
  •   Balthasar Bar (1532), drowned in Lucerne; blamed the welsch.[2][37]
  •   Jacob Miller, Berlin Wagner, and Michel Will (1532), decapitated in Augsburg.[2]
  •   Conrat Mulibach (1533), burned in St. Gallen.[2]
  •   Name unknown (1535), woman from Fontaines who dressed as a man and married of maid of Foy; burned. Case reported by Henri Estienne.[23][38]
  •   Franz von Alsten (1536 or 1537), decapitated in Münster.[2]
  •   Marx Anthon (1537), burned in Zurich.[2]
  •   Jorg Sigler (1537), burned in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Bonifacius Amerbach (1538), burned in Schaffhausen.[2]
  •   Name unknown (1540), executed in Bologna.[39]
  •   Uli Rugger (1540), decapitated in Zurich.[2]
  •   Hans Blatter (1540), burned in Zurich.[2]
  •   Jacob Muller (1540), decapitated and burned in Zurich.[2]
  •   Name unknown (1541), executed in Bologna.[39]
  •   Salvador Vidal (1541), rural priest, tried by the Saragossa tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition and "relaxed" (handed over for execution) to the secular courts.[1][28]
  •   Francesco Fabrizio (May 1545), priest of San Giuliano and poet, decapitated and burned by the Council of Ten.[29][30][40]
  •   Name unknown (1546), layman, executed in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.[1]
  •   Names unknown (1547), both executed (one hanged and burned, the other quartered) in Bologna.[39]
  •   Name unknown (1549), hanged and burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Name unknown (1550), young Frenchman, hanged in Geneva.[41]
  •   Jacopo Bonfadio (19 July 1550), 41, humanist historian, decapitated and burned in Genoa.
  •   Francesco Calcagno (23 December 1550), 22, expelled Franciscan friar, executed in Venice; also committed atheistic blasphemy.
  •   Name unknown (1551), Castilian soldier, executed in Saragossa awaiting a public auto-da-fé.[28]
  •   Antonio di Giovanni Bandoni (24 October 1551), hanged and burned (or quartered) in Florence.[21][42]
  •   Crazia di Negroponte (15 June 1553), Turkish footman, strangled and burned in Pratello, Florence. Converted to Christianity 9 months before his execution; buried in the temple.[18]
  •   Jean Fontaine (1554 or 1555), executed in Geneva; involved with a Branlard later tried with a youth, Ramel.[43]
  •   Name unknown (1556), French, hanged in Geneva.[23]
  •   Dominique Phinot (1556), 46, composer, executed in Lyon.
  •   Messer Rinieri (25 September 1556), 56, a cathedral canon and man of letters from the Franchi family of Perugia, hanged and burned there under Sixtus V for "having repeatedly scaled the walls of the seminary of said Perugia, on behalf of sodomy."[44]
  •   Names unknown (1558), a Castilian jurist/lawyer, two priests, and a French shepherd boy, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.[1][28]
  •   Gabriele Thomaein (17 February 1559), German from Augsburg, burned in Rome with 3 heretics.[45]
  •   Names unknown (1560), 3 Turkish galley slaves and 2 French Catholics from a captured Savoy fort, burned together by Genevan forces. The slaves implicated the 2 Catholics when questioned.[1]
  •   Guillaume Brancard (1561), drowned in Geneva.[46]
  •   Thoni Ruttiman (1561), hanged in Zurich.[2]
  •   Baptistam Bariliarum (11 October 1561), decapitated on a high platform between two columns and burned in Venice.[47]
  •   Pierre Jobert and Thibaud Lespligny (1562), French, drowned together in Geneva; were in a long-standing relationship.[23][43]
  •   Paseto Portador (12 December 1562), decapitated on a high platfrom between two columns in Piazza di San Marco and burned. Also convicted of homicide.[47]
  •   Name unknown (1566), 22, Italian student, drowned in Geneva.[23]
  •   Bartholomé Tecia (10 June 1566), 15, Piedmontese student, drowned in Geneva.
  •   Nicola da Germinà (12 July 1565), burned in Bargello, Milan.[48]
  •   Ambrogio di Croce (8 April 1566), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Name unknown (July 1566), young man burned on a bridge in Rome.[50]
  •   Giuseppe D'Angelo (18 December 1566), from Monte di Trapani (Erice), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Rudolf Bachmann and Uli Frei (1567), decapitated and burned together in Zurich.[2]
  •   Cornelio Mantovani (1567), policeman, burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Cosimo la Mirabella and Santoni Giuliano (13 June 1567), hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Bernardino di Marsala (8 October 1567), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Nico (2 December 1567), becher, beheaded and burned between the two columns of San Zulian, Venice; convicted of sodomy "among other faults", which we were read alound from a platform over the Grand Canal.[47]
  •   Name unknown (1568), French, drowned in Geneva.[23]
  •   Francoise-Jeanne Morel (1568), itinerant plague worker, drowned in Geneva. Initially accused of molesting a woman she shared a bed with, she denied and then admitted to the charge along to relations with both men and women.[22][52]
  •   Sebastiano Vita (20 February 1568), executed and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (21 August 1568), young man burned in Rome; many "false doors" were ordered closed that night.[53]
  •   Valerio (1570), hanged in Bologna; his surname was not reported.[39]
  •   Luigi Fontino (March 1570), musician and canon of the Basilica of Nostra Signora di Loreto, laicizied and beheaded in Loreto for relations with a student of his, 16-year-old Luigi Dalla Balla. Giovanni Leonardo Primavera, another lover of Dalla Balla, escaped persecution in 1585.[54]
  •   Cosimo la Piccola (23 June 1570), strangled and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Names unknown (1572), three foreigners, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.[1][28]
  •   Names unknown (1573), two Trinitarian monks, executed together in Valencia.[1]
  •   Francesco la Motta and Simone Micara (7 May 1573), strangled and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Martín de Castro (1574), pícaro and prostitute, burned in Madrid; was present at the 1572 trials of 2 of his high-ranking clients, Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borgia and the Count of Ribagorza.[55]
  •   Miguel Salvador de Morales and Baptista Tafolla (25 June 1574), a Trinitarian friar and his long-time acquaintance, burned together in Valencia. Tafolla had returned from traveling in Italy and went to Morales' monastery in Valencia, where they were caught. Both had known each other since childhood.[1]
  •   Melchiorre di Trapani (24 November 1574), strangled and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Juan Bautista Finocho (July 1575), mariner of the galleon San Tadeo, burned in the harbor of La Havana.[35]
  •   Name unknown (25 June 1576), from Pesaro, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
 
Friars burned in Bruges, 1578
  •   Names unknown (28 June 1578), several Franciscan friars, burned in Bruges.[1]
  •   Battista, Antonio de Velez, Francisco Herrera, Bernardino de Alfar, Alfonso de Robles, Jeronimo de Paz, Marcos Pinto, and Gaspar de Martin (August 1578), an Albanian boatman, a Catalan, 4 other Spaniards, and 2 Portuguese, burned together in Rome; arrested in a church near San Giovanni Laterano for organizing same-sex marriage ceremonies.[56][57]
  •   Luciano lo Terrosi (19 November 1578), strangled and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Giovanni di Bella (4 December 1578), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Wilhelm von Muhlhausen (1579), burned in Zurich.[2]
  •   Giuseppe Benanti (15 May 1579), strangled in Palermo; also executed was Giacopo di Giacopo, who made false allegations against Giuseppe de Marino in another sodomy trial.[51]
  •   D. Carlo Barone, Don Paolo Bevaceto, Giacomo Russitano, and Antonio Scolaro (3 August 1579), executed (Barone unknown, Bevaceto beheaded, Russitano and Scolaro strangled) and burned in Palermo. The father of D. Pietro Vinacito paid the court 15,000 scudi to spare the men, but the executions were still carried out.[51]
  •   Marie (1580), weaver from Chaumont, dressed as a man and married another woman in Montier-en-Der; hanged for using "illicit devices".[23][38]
  •   Prospero Magri (11 April 1580), strangled in Palermo.[51]
  •   Giovanni Bentivoglio and Fabrizio Lisci (29 July 1580), hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (1581), Neapolitan, burned in Seville for a "habit of Italy".[22]
  •   Matteo Paladino (25 August 1581), brigand, strangled and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Geronimo Galesi and Pietro d'Olieri (19 November 1582), hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Innocenzo Bonamico and Muscato (2 May 1583), hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Antonino Polito (18 May 1583), hanged and burned in Palermo; also convicted of country theft.[51]
  •   Lazzarino Almirotto (14 January 1584), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Giovanni Borgognone (29 November 1584), executioner, burned outside of Porta Ticinese, Milan.[48]
  •   Diego Maldonado, Salvador Martín, and Alonso Sánchez, and 5 others (1585), sodomite group, burned together in Seville by secular authorites. Maldonado, a member of a "well-to-do family" from Granada, was the group leader.[22][35][58]
  •   Muyuca (1585), African, burned in Seville. Likely a procurer; wore a ruff, cosmetics, and a wig at his execution, likely as humiliation.[22]
  •   Giuseppe Serio (29 May 1585), hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two young beardless men.[51]
  •   Vincenzo Malatesta (25 June 1585), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Leonardo d'Amadeo (2 December 1585), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   G. Battista Inbrunetta (26 April 1586), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (9 May 1586), 20, pedant (teacher) from Ponticelo, hanged in the Archi and burned in Genoa; tried along with another teacher who was also sentenced to death but it is unknown if he too was executed.[59]
  •   Name unknown (28 May 1586), burned between Lenzburg and Aarau.[60]
  •   Names unknown (June 1586), a priest and a boy, burned together in Rome even though both had voluntarily confessed.[1]
  •   Andrea li Sarti (17 June 1586), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Scipione di Nicolò (11 July 1586), hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two clean-shaven young men.[51]
  •   Aurelio Ciafaglione (23 December 1586), hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with a young beardless man.[51]
  •   Names unknown (1587), seven adolescents under 21, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).[28][55]
  •   Girolamo Incudina (2 January 1587), body quartered and displayed on the streets of Palermo; also committed theft and murder.[51]
  •   Names unknown (1588), both 17, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).[28][55]
  •   Names unknown (1588), both French, burned together in Seville.[22]
  •   Gaspar Arrimen and Pedro Alache (1588), both 20, Moriscos, burned together in Valencia.[1]
  •   Francesco Carlini (1588), hanged and burned in Bologna; also committed theft and heresy.[39]
  •   Giuseppe Magliocco (7 January 1588), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Don Vincenzo Alteato (14 November 1589), burned outside Porta Ticinese, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.[48]
  •   Names unknown (1590), a 25-year-old soldier and his 18-year-old valet, both French, burned together in Geneva.[22][23]
  •   Names unknown (1590), three Turkish galley slaves, burned in Geneva.[23]
  •   Jean Chaffrey, Etienne Chappuis, Tatare Mahomet, Assan, and Ali Arnaud (February 1590), 20, 15, 35, 20, and 34, a French, a Genevan, and 3 Muslim converts to Calvinism (from Martara, Turkey, and Romania), executed together in Geneva after a group relations trial; a 3rd European was acquitted.[52]
  •   Giovanni Mazzone (1 February 1590), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Muzio di Senso and Bernardino di Camillo (1592), hanged together in Ponte, Rome, after being led through the city.[45]
  •   Allegro Orsini and Ottaviano Bargellini (1593), a Jew and a senatorial family member, beheaded together in Bologna; Orsini's body was displayed in Piazza Maggiore. Orsini converted to Christianity before the execution as Paolo.[39][61]
  •   Antonio d'Assena (24 March 1593), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Names unknown (23 May 1593), two Bolognese sodomites sentenced to be hanged and burned together in Bologna after a long trial (presumed executed).[62]
  •   Andria Badulato (24 November 1593), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Ioanni Costa (1 June 1594), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Christopher Mayer and Hans Weber (13 August 1594), a weaver of fustian and a fruiterer, citizens of Nuremberg, caught in the act behind a hedge; Mayer was beheaded and Weber was burned with Mayer's body. They had been in a relationship for 3 years; Weber also had relations with a cook named Endressen, an Alexander, and others over the 20 prior years.[63]
  •   Leonardo Cortese (30 August 1594), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Franciscus de Rouiere (1596), burned in Sankt Gallen.[2]
  •   Mariano Pignataro (22 April 1598), choked and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Mario di Croce (18 January 1599), partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Gio. Batta Aricardi (3 April 1599), weaver and partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Paolo Ferrare (27 July 1599), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Ausebio Bonhomo (13 August 1599), from Nicosia, hanged and burned in Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.[51]
  •   Alessandro Cabiate (14 August 1599), partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]

17th century edit

  •   Names unknown (1600), 12 men, burned in Seville.[58]
  •   Pierre Dufour and Pierre Brelat (13 November 1600), a Genevan citizen and a local peasant cowherd, drowned together in Geneva after Brelat accused Dufour of buggery after a fistfight. Brelat had previously openly boasted of their relations due to Dufour's high social standing.[22][43][64]
  •   Name unknown (1601), Jesuit, burned in Antwerp.[12]
  •   Petro Curchio, alias Haro (22 March 1601), choked on a stake and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Domenico Galletti (12 September 1601), strangled and burned on Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco Cappadona (28 September 1601), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Petro Scudero and Mustafà Giorgio (4 June 1602), a Spanish soldier in the company of D. Ernando di Gusman and a Turkish slave of the Duchess of Maqueda, hanged together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco La Barbara (12 June 1602), strangled and burned in Piano della Marina, Palermo.[51]
  •   Bartolo di Bernabeo Aquilanti (27 August 1602), hanged for "pimping sodomy" in Florence.[21]
  •   Gerónimo Ponce de Leon and Domingo López (1603), mulattoes, executed together in Seville; tried by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación.[65]
  •   Minico la Sola (20 June 1603), from Partanna, hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (1604), street vendor of Triana, burned in Seville; described as "fat, deaf, and blind."[66]
  •   Name unknown (1605), burned in Middelburg.[26]
  •   Paulu Simonetto (19 April 1606), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Gio. Battista Pasquale (21 August 1606), from Camerino, burned in Milan; the putto with whom he had relations was led to the gallows but sent back to the Chief Justice's office.[48]
  •   Giovanni Maria Bonfiglioli (1607), hanged and burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Jose Estravagante and Bartolomeo Teixidor (1607), galley prisoners, one for sodomy and the latter another charge; burned in Valencia by the Inquisition after other prisoners revealed their affair.[1]
  •   Giovanni Garsè (21 February 1607), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Sebastiano/Vespasiano Spalletta (26 March 1607), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Giuseppe di Tommaso and Antonio Longobardi (27 November 1607), from Castello a Mare (Longbardi), hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Rocco Febo (15 March 1608), city executioner, hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Vincenzo d'Amico, alias Bella di Sciacca (17 June 1608), habitual sodomite, hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Peter Chambers (5 October 1609), Catholic seminarian who converted to Protestantism, hanged in Exeter. He was convicted of sodomy with one of his choirboys at the Exeter assizes; he lived in Exeter Cathedral "to teach the singing boys" under Matthew Sutcliffe's sponsorship. Chambers protested at his execution that in Italy he was able to suppress his urges as a Catholic, but quickly relapsed in Protestantism.[67][68]
  •   Jephat Scheurmann (1609), likely executed in Lucerne. Claimed he was seduced as a young man "in foreign countries" by an apprentice from Fribourg.[2][34]
  •   Antonio Carcano (22 September 1609), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Names unknown (1610), both hanged and burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Names unknown (1610), a gatekeeper and 2 others, drowned in Geneva; partners of Pierre Canal.[23]
  •   Pierre Canal (2 February 1610), city official, burned in Geneva; arrested for treason and homicide, confessed during torture and named several others.[22]
  •   Giovanni di Bernardo Pieri (4 July 1610), hanged and burned in Florence.[18]
  •   Vincenzo "Scannaserpi" d'Abbene and Leonardo Rocco (1 December 1610), hanged together in Palermo; also committed field theft.[51]
  •   Melchiore da Verè, alias Franzosino (15 February 1611), burned in Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.[48]
  •   Giovanni Batta d'Antonio (15 July 1611), cloth weaver, strangled on a stake and burned in Florence.[18]
  •   Paolo Simonetta and Giuseppe Colomba (3 March 1612), from Termini and Castronovo respectively, hanged and burned together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco Lo Re, alias Picalupo (11 July 1612), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Paolo Zani (1613), hanged and burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Vito Anello (16 July 1613), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Caviaro (1613 or 1615), executioner, hanged in Modena. He mocked the exhortations of clergy present at the execution.[69]
  •   Giacomo Biavati (1614), porter, hanged and burned in Bologna.[39]
  •   Orlando Crispo (17 February 1614), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Bartolomeo di Giovanni Carletti (30 October 1614), musician, hanged and burned in Florence.[18]
  •   Gio. Batta Rovida (24 December 1614), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Avril or Aprile (1615), young Provençal, burned in Turin; his lover, Giovan Battista Marino, fled to France.[70]
  •   Domenico Facchino, alias Meneghino (2 March 1615), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Maurizio Lana, alias Prè Strazzone (10 October 1615), son of Madonna Benedetta, burned in La Vetra, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.[48]
  •   Names unknown (1616), two men of color, burned together in Seville; names not recorded.[22]
  •   Names unknown (March 1616), a Spanish soldier and a Maltese adolescent, burned together in Valletta. Execution reported by William Lithgow.[71]
  •   Antonio Crotto (14 January 1616), from Bergamo, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Jean de la Rue (1617), 80, burned in Geneva; arrested for making a pass in an inn. Executed after a single interrogation in which he openly admitted to having relations with many people in Geneva and elsewhere "for pleasure, for grain, and for poverty".[43][52]
  •   Giovanne Corvo (5 May 1617), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Paolo Marino, alias Pizo (7 June 1618), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Cola Ioanni Cassisi (12 April 1619), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (1621), 50, Catholic Savoyard, burned in Geneva.[23]
  •   Names unknown (1621), two effeminate dancers, burned in Lisbon. They were part of a group called Dança dos Fanchonos led by 30-year-old mulatto Antonio Rodrigues.[1]
  •   Giulio di Giovanni Sorbi (9 July 1621), formerly of Guardia de' Lioni, strangled on a stake and burned in the middle of Pratello, Florence.[18]
  •   Giovanni Incardona (10 December 1622), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco lo Guzzo (7 December 1623), hanged on Piano della Marina, Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco Garagazzo, alias Cappellitto, and Petro Costa (19 December 1623), hanged together in Palermo.[51]
  •   Nicolas Gonzales and 11 others (1625), 20, prostitute from Orihuela and those he implicated under questioning (including 7 slaves, such as a 40-year-old Turk), burned together in Valencia. He named over 60 men and boys when questioned. 128 quintals of wood were needed to burn all 12 over a 7-hour period, "something never seen or heard of in Valencia".[4][55]
  •   Names unknown (1626), two men, executed together in Valencia; executed "without making a noise" outside of the inquisition palace.[1]
  •   Piero di Marsilio di Marradi and Angiolo di Ottavio Cappelli (17 July 1627, 21 October 1627, or 27 July 1654), 34 or 40 and 43, hanged and burned together in Florence; sources are conflicting on details.[72][18][42]
  •   Giovanni Angelo Maggio (19 August 1627), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Antonio d'Aprile (3 August 1628), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Soliman Moro (26 August 1628), Turkish slave, hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Melchior Brütschli (1629), executed in Lucerne.[2]
  •   Mervyn Tuchet (1631), 38, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, executed for sodomy with his male servants and arranging the rape of his wife.
  •   Pietro l'Indovino, alias D. Ramundo (14 May 1631), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Francesco Rotundo (17 April 1632), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Vincenzo Dammacanale, alias Muratore (12 October 1633), hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Marcin Gołek and Wojciech ze Sromotki (9 November 1633), master baker and his apprentice, burned together in Sieradz. Both accused the other of initiating their relations.[73]
  •   Name unknown (1634), Neapolitan, burned in Geneva; French valet banished.[23]
  •   Francesco Turturici (20 June 1634), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Lorenzo Bivona (7 August 1634), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Filippo Bonanno Xacca/Sciacca (17 July 1638), hanged in Palermo under the Grande Almirante.[51]
 
Hangings of Atherton and Childe, 1640
  •   John Atherton and John Childe (1640), 42 (Atherton), Bishop of Waterford and Lismore and his tithe proctor, hanged together in Waterford. They had been convicted under a law Atherton had supported.
  •   Name unknown (1640), burned in Granada.[55]
  •   Blasi Canizzo (5 November 1640), from Licodia, hanged and burned in Palermo.[51]
  •   Name unknown (20 November 1640), executed in Palermo.[51]
  •   Ingel Harmensz and Bento de Sal (1643), a young Dutch sailor and a Mardijker, executed together (Harmensz drowned, and de Sal burned) in Batavia under the VOC.[36][74]
  •   Joost Schouten, Jan van Cleef, and Pieter Egbertsz (1644), a Council of the Indies member, a soldier, and a Batavia burgher, strangled and burned at the orders of Anthony van Diemen.[36]
  •   Santos de Almeida (1645), 66, royal chaplain, burned in Lisbon; said to have resided over a "conventicle of fanchonos".[1]
  •   Gerrit Jansz de Wit (1645), boatswain, drowned in a bag in Batavia; former partner of Joost Schouten.[36]
  •   Names unknown (1646), four Chinese, burned in Batavia; all also convicted of counterfeiting money.[36]
  •   Vincenzo Oddo (3 November 1646), hanged in Palermo.[51]
  •   Names unknown (1647), two Old Christians, burned in a Lisbon auto-da-fé; both also reported having religious visions.[75]
  •   Name unknown (1647), burned in a Barcelona auto-da-fé.[1]
  •   Names unknown (1647), a ship's captain and a young boy, executed (the captain burnt and the boy drowned) together in Batavia.[36]
  •   Names unknown (1647), two Italians, executed (one hanged and the other burned) together in Geneva.[23]
  •   Names unknown (1647), five Chinese, all executed (two burned, two strangled and burned, and one drowned) in Malacca; all also convicted of counterfeiting money.[36]
  •   Names unknown (1648), four Chinese, sentenced to burn in Malacca (presumed executed).[36]
  •   Francisco (1648), Portuguese mulatto, executed in Seville; tried by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación.[65]
  •   Juan Chapinero and Nicolás (1651), two blacks (one free, the latter a slave), publicly garroted and the corpses burnt together in Mexico City.[65]
  •   Names unknown (1652), a 40-year-old Dane and five "black" boys, executed (the Dane burnt, and the boys drowned) together in Batavia.[36]
  •   Nicolò Morello (22 July 1655), from Ascoli, hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Francesco di Vincenzo (22 August 1660), from Viterbo, carried on a cart on a donkey and then beheaded in Florence.[21]
  •   Bernardino Restello (6 February 1662), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Giuseppe Colombo (20 December 1664), hanged and burned in Milan.[49]
  •   Giuseppe Lopez (1668), hanged in Naples with Nicola Fanfano. At his execution he admitted that his implication of Fanfano was made under torture, but Fanfano was still hanged.[76]
  •   Alessandro Borromeo (3 June 1668), 20, Paduan noble, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten. Son of Girolamo Borromeo; described as "scandalous" and "without Christian law" for seducing his friends.[29]
  •   Paolo Cricetti (10 December 1668), 19, friend of Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten.[29]
  •   Name unknown (3 April 1669), Old Christian priest, burned in a Lisbon auto-da-fé.[75]
  •   Juan de la Cruz (March 1670), indigenous resident of La Lagunilla, publicly burned in the public market of San Juan, Mexico City on a Monday at 4:00 PM.[65]
  •   Name unknown (1671), priest, executed by the Portuguese Inquisiton in Lisbon. Last person executed as a fanchono.[1]
  •   Names unknown (25 June 1671), two mulattoes and three blacks, burned in San Lázaro, Mexico City; caught in the act at Juan de Ávila's mill in Mixcoac. The site of their execution is today the location of Mexico's national archives.[65]
  •   Names unknown (13 November 1673), seven mulattoes, blacks, and mestizos, burned in Mexico City; caught in the act in the same textile mill.[65]
  •   Name unknown (1676), executed in Utrecht, one of three defendents (including a burgomaster).[26]
  •   Lisbetha Olsdotter (1679), executed in Stockholm.
  •   Francis Dilly (February 4, 1679), non-white sailor on the Jersey, executed as chief ringleader of a 4-man sodomite group. Other three members spared as they were white, "white men being scarce among us."[77]
  •   Name unknown (September 1684), young man, hanged in Portsmouth; name not recorded.[77]
  •   Name unknown (1686), hanged in Bologna.[39]
  •   Names unknown (1686), two men, possibly drowned in a barrel together in Amsterdam.[26]
  •   Names unknown (20 November 1686), a mulatto and a mestizo, burned together in Mexico City; a black man was publicly shamed as an accomplice.[65]
  •   Giacomo Redaello, alias il Marangone (22 April 1692), tortured, strangled with a noose and burned in Milan; also convicted of other crimes. His accomplices were also tortured.[78]

18th century edit

  •   Names unknown (1702), two men, executed together in Rotterdam for having relations in an almoner's house.[26]
  •   Name unknown (29 March 1710), hanged and beheaded in Milan. Voluntarily confessed to having passive and continued relations with his master, along with "treasonous homicide" and robbery; head displayed at Boschi di Longhignana.[79]
  •   Philippe Basse and Bernard Mocmanesse (1720), burned together in Paris; also committed blasphemy.[1]
  •   Name unknown (1721), executed in Utrecht.[26]
  •   Catharina Margaretha Linck (1721), cross-dressing lesbian, executed in Halberstadt.
  •   Antonio Fontana (15 September 1724), from Verona, beheaded and burned in Venice; also covicted of sacreligious theft.[80]
  •   Benjamin Deschauffours (1726), procurer, burned on Place de Grève in Paris; accused of killing a kidnapped boy.
  •   Pellegrino Torri (1727), hanged in Bologna; his eyes and nose were also cut off to render his body unrecognizable.[39]
  •   Vincenzo Pelliciari (20 July 1727), hanged in Modena. Publicly boasted that he had married the devil and had regular relations with him, along with other heresies and blasphemies; tried by the Inquisition and executed by the secular wing.[69]
  •   Names unknown (13 May 1728), two slaves, drowned together on the Cape of Good Hope; names not recorded.[81]
  •   Utrecht sodomy trial executions:
    • Jan Backer and Jan Schut (12 June 1730), the prior a house servant hiring middleman, hanged and burned together in the Hague.[41]
    • Frans Verheyden, Cornelius Wassermaar, Pieter Styn, Dirk van Royen, and Herman Mouillant (12 June 1730), a milkman (Wassermaar), a coat embroiderer (Styn), and a servant (Mouillant), hanged and thrown into the sea with 50-pound weights in Scheveningen.[41]
 
Execution of van Waavre, 1730
    • Willem van Waavre (19 June 1730), executed in Heusden.
    • Pieter Marteyn Janes Sohn and Johannes Keep (24 June 1730), the latter a decorator, strangled and burned together in Amsterdam.[41]
    • Maurits van Eeden and Cornelius Boes (24 June 1730), the latter 18, house servants (the latter for Keep), drowned together in a barrel in Amsterdam.[41]
    • Jan Westhoff and Steven Klok (29 June 1730), soldiers, strangled and buried under the gallows in Kampen.[22]
    • Leendert de Haas, Casper Schroder, and Huibert van Borselen (17 July 1730), 60 (Haas), a candlemaker, a distiller, and a gentleman's servant, strangled and burnt in Rotterdam, and their ashes dumped at sea.[22]
    • Pieter van der Hal, Adriaen Kuyleman, David Munstlager, and Willem la Feber (21 July 1730), a grain carrier, a glove launderer, an agent, and a tavern keeper, hanged and thrown into the sea with 100-pound weights in Scheveningen.[41]
    • Antonie Byweegen (21 July 1730), fishmonger, hanged and burnt to ashes in the Hague.[41]
    • Laurens Hospuijn (16 September 1730), chief of detectives in the Navy, strangled and thrown into the water with a 100-pund weight in Amsterdam.[41]
    • Cornelis Palamedes (19 October 1730), 56, teacher, half-strangled and burned in Veen near Heusden. Was previously in a relationship with Dirk van Royen.[22]
    • Names unknown (22 September 1731), a drummer and an orphan, beheaded together in Groningen.[22]
    • Mass execution in Zuidhorn (24 September 1731):[22][82][83]
      • Gerrit Loer, 48, farmer, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash; had committed sodomy with several persons, including on his way to and from church.
      • Hendrick Berents, 32, a Liplander, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash.
      • Asinga Immes, 45, from Huifinga, strangled to death and burned.
      • Eysse Jans, 40 or 41, from Aduwert, strangled to death and burned; no response.
      • Gosen Hendrix, 40, from Nieuwkerk, strangled to death and burned; no response.
      • Jan Wygers, 45, from Doefem, strangled to death and burned; no response.
      • Jan Harms Brakel, 37, strangled to death and burned; no response.
      • Mindelt Jansz Rol, 32 or 36, from Esinga, strangled and burnt; swayed back and forth upon being sentenced and bowed to all present before leaving.
      • Jan Jacobs den Donderen, 30, strangled and burnt; cried out "Oh! Oh!" upon hearing sentence.
      • Jan Egberts, 19, strangled and burnt; corrected the judge when age was listed incorrectly in sentence, and bowed saying "It is all right, sir," before leaving.
      • Peter Cornelisz, 20 or 21, strangled and burnt; appeared to be about to faint as sentence was read but sighed instead.
      • Hendrik Cornelisz, 21, strangled and burnt; said "I forgive you and thank you gentlemen for the sentence which I shall receive."
      • Hindrik Leuwes, 19, strangled and burned; sighed and quickly left.
      • Jan Idses, 18, strangled and burnt; told the court "I forgive you for the sin you have committed against me."
      • Jan Jansz, 18, strangled and burnt; no response.
      • Cornelis Jansz, 18; told the court "You may see how you direct me."
      • Gerrit Harms, 16, strangled and burnt; no response.
      • Tamme Jansz, 14, strangled and burnt; remained silent when sentenced.
      • Thomas Iacobs, 16 or 18, from Nieuhooven, strangled and burnt; no response.
    • Jan van der Lelie (24 September 1731), hanged and thrown into the sea in the Hague.[41]
  •   Class Blanc and Rijkaert Jacobsz (1735), both Dutch, executed together in Batavia. Jacobsz, a sailor, was formerly accused of sodomy in 1713.[74]
  •   Names unknown (February 1735), both sentenced to death and their corpses burned in Mexico City "for the grave crime of Sodomy"; case reported in the Gazeta de México.[65]
  •   Giovanni Antonio Cremis (28 May 1736), from Felizzano, hanged and burnt in Alessandria. His accomplice, 15-year-old Giovanni Stefano Barnaba Mordea of Asti, is sentenced to row oars in the royal fleet for 5 years.[84]
  •   Name unknown (12 September 1736), 28, barber of the boat in S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, hanged on the bridge of Sant'Angelo, Rome.[85]
  •   Names unknown (27 August 1738), indigenous, both sentenced to burn in Mexico City for the "nefarious crime"; on the way to be executed, members of the local cofradía accompanied them.[65]
  •   James Hunt and Thomas Collins (25 August 1743), 37 and 57, a barge builder and a former weaver/soldier, hanged together at Kennington Common. Accused of sodomy in a toilet at Pepper Alley, Southwark; both denied this but gave differing accounts. Tried at Surrey assizes on 4 August.[86][87]
  •   Names unknown (8 August 1745), former associates of the bandit Raffiat, tongues pierced, hanged, and burned; also committed blasphemy. No sources list their names; Raffiat himself was broken on the wheel in 1742.[28][88]
  •   Giuseppe del già Domenico Rossi (21 October 1747), hanged and burned in Florence.[18]
  •   Bernardo Gabrieli (15 May 1748), cleric, decapitated on a platform between the two columns of St. Mark's, Venice.[47]
  •   Andrea Brazzoi/Brasola (1749), Mantuan, beheaded and burned in Venice.[80]
  •   Jean Diot and Bruno Lenoir (6 July 1750), 40 and 23, a charcuterie worker and a cordwainer, strangled and burned together on the Place de Grève, Paris; caught in the act by a city watchman on the rue Montorgueil.
  •   Antonio Lambranzi (31 August 1752), 30, becher from Cannaregio, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten for "sodomy having used many iniquities".[29]
  •   Richard Arnold and William Critchard (15 September 1753), 60 and 20, a landlord and a footman, hanged together on St. Michael's Hill, Bristol. Caught in the act in the Swan Inn, Broad Street, and convicted on 31 August; Arnold kissed Critchard's hand before the cart was pulled out. Arnold owned the Lamb & Flag.[89][90][91][92]
  •   Joseph Wright and Thomas Grimes (15 August 1755), hanged together on Whitley Common. Tried at Coventry assizes, Wright admitted his guilt but claimed Grimes was innocent, which he corroborated; Wright was also convicted of killing Mr. Warner of Winhall.[93]
  •   Name unknown (1757), parish priest of Ludres, burned by the sovereign court of Lorraine. He made an edifying speech to his parishoners before execution, and the execution site became the destination of organized pilgrimages.[94][95]
  •   Bartolomeo Luisetti (10 April 1764), son of quondam Antonio of Villa Albese, suffocated and burned in the square of del Brolo, Milan, in front of S. Stefano. Pietro Verri reported on the case, claiming Lusietti was a pederast and that he "had never committed a misdeed in his life".[79]
  •   Jan Kemmer (1765), young man executed in Amsterdam. Claimed his first act took place when still in an orphanage and connected to known sodomite networks after an encounter in Amsterdam's town hall's citizens' hall. Named 15 other boys in his confession. Described as "particularly acquainted with the Truths (Biblical truths)."[26]
  •   Name unknown (1771), monk, burned in Venice.[28]
  •   Abraham Feijs (1772), 19, tailor, executed in Leiden. At interrogation, he openly declared to have committed sodomy "hundreds of times" and never slept with women. Last execution in Leiden.[25]
  •   Richard Whatley (23 March 1776), 41, executed in Hampshire. Tried and convicted of sodomy against Lovell Stanhope's coachman, Benjamin Dupre, in Avington on 5 March; Whatley claimed the offence was only attempted.[96][97]
  •   Benjamin Loveday and John Burke (12 October 1781), a former waiter/public house keeper and a midshipman, hanged together on St. Michael's Hill, Bristol. Tried at Bristol assizes, both denied having relations. Loveday was also accused by James Morgan; Joseph Giles and James Lane were also accused with Loveday but only sentenced for misdemeanors, and William Ward was acquitted. Loveday may have been running a molly house.[98][99][100]
  •   Name unknown (23 June 1784), "the nefarious offender of this royal jail", burned in Mexico City and his body reduced to ashes in the accustomed site.[65]
  •   John Lad[a] (10 April 1786), Methodist preacher, hanged on Peckham Common, Southwark. Tried and convicted at Surrey assizes on 22 March and held at New Gaol prior to execution.[101][86]
  •   Thomas Crispin (17 August 1787), 45, potter from Pilton and workhouse resident for the prior 7 years, hanged at Heavitree gallows near Exeter. The co-accused, Hugh Gribble, was reprieved due to mental incapacity; Crispin admitted his guilt but showed no remorse.[102][103]
  •   John Southwell and John Smith (3 April 1790), hanged together at Rushmere Heath; tried and convicted at Suffolk assizes, Bury on 17 March.[104][105]
  •   Henry Allen (1797), captain on the Rattler, executed for sodomy.[106]
  •   William Powell (30 August 1797), 70, pauper in Melford workhouse, hanged in Bury St. Edmunds; tried and convicted at Suffolk assizes on 9 August, he did not confess.[104][107][108]

19th century edit

  •   Jillis Bruggeman (9 March 1803), flogged and hanged in the grand market of Schiedam. Blackmailed his partner to keep silent about their relations but was exposed by another confidante. Last execution in the Netherlands for sodomy.[109][110]
  •   Joseph Bird (26 August 1803), Methodist pauper at Melford workhouse, executed in Warwick. Tried and convicted at Warwickshire assizes on the testimony of John Privett, who briefly withdrew only to admit that Bird's son bribed him to do so.[111]
  •   Mathuselah Spalding[b] (8 February 1804), hanged at Newgate for "a venereal affair" with James Hankinson. Tried and convicted at the Old Bailey in November 1803; hanged with a forger, Ann Hurle, both were led out of Debtor's Door and had cart pulled out from under them instead of the New Drop.[112][113][114]
  •   David Robertson (13 August 1806), 48, brothel keeper on Charles Street, Covent Garden, executed at Newgate. Convicted of an offense with George Foulston, 17; Robertson attempted suicide while imprisoned.[115][116][117]
  •   James Stockton[c], Joseph Holland, and John Powell (13 September 1806), hanged in Lancaster Castle. Arrested as part of the "Remarkable Trials", where 27 men aged 17 to 84 were arrested in Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool in May 1806 for sodomy, with 9 being tried at the Lancaster assizes by John Borron and Richard Gwillym. All said to meet in the house of Isaac Hitchin in Great Sankey on Mondays and Fridays, with rumours that members of Parliament were involved due to Holland's rich pawnbroker status. The condemned were hanged on the testimonies of John Knight and Thomas Taylor, who testified to avoid hanging themselves. Joshua Newsom and George Ellis were convicted of lesser offences and the others were acquitted.[116][118][119][120][121][122]
  •   Isaac Hitchin and Thomas Rix (27 September 1806), hanged in Lancaster Castle. Interrogated further during the "Remarkable Trials" to find other group members, but the Home Office stopped the magistrates.[116][118]
  •   William Billey (31 March 1808), 45, hanged on Penenden Heath. Tried and convicted at Kent Lent Assizes, Maidstone, of an offence against Thomas Douglas of Crayford and attempted offences with others. He had no family and described by the Kentish Gazette to have "appeared a perfect idiot".[123][124]
  •   James Bartlett (4 April 1809), executed in Horsemonger Lane Gaol. Tried and convicted at Surrey Assizes; buried in Limehouse, left £1,500 to his daughter.[125]
  •   Richard Oakden (October 1809), bank clerk, hanged at Tyburn.[126]
  •   Samuel Mounser (31 August 1810), from Stanford-le-Hope, tried and covicted at Chelmsford Summer Assizes.[127]
  •   John Hepburn and Thomas White (7 March 1811), 40s and 16, an ensign and a drummer, hanged in front of Newgate. Tried and convicted at the Old Bailey in connection to the Vere Street Coterie.[128][129]
  •   David Thompson Myers (4 May 1812), draper of Stamford, hanged at Fengate, Peterborough. He was accused by Thomas Crow, 18, tailor's apprentice to Mr. Horden. Initially acquited in Lincolnshire due to suspicions Crow was lying, but later convicted at Peterborough after Crow brought up offences committed at Burghley Park. Last public hanging in Fengate.[130][131][132]
  •   George Godfrey (1 April 1813), butler in the house of Mr. Atkinson in Lee, hanged at Penenden Heath. Convicted of "unnatural offences" with footman Henry Greenhurst from May to December 1812. Greenhurst, who was "unconscious of the heinous character of the offence", told another servant who told Atkinson.[133][134]
  •   John Ottaway[d] and Henry Youens (18 August 1814), 33 and 21, soldiers, hanged at Penenden Heath. Tried at the Kent Assizes in Maidstone.[135][136]
  •   Abraham Adams (26 July 1815), 51, hanged at Newgate. Tried at the Old Bailey; hanged alongside Elizabeth Fenning.[137][138][139]
  •   John Charles, Raphael Seraco, Raphael Treake, and John Westerman (1 February 1816), sailors on the HMS Africaine, hanged (presumably in Portsmouth[e]) at 11 under Capt. Edward Rodney. In May 1813, Westerman (who was then the captain's servant boy) was accused of having relations with 2 midhsipmen; Westerman demoted to ordinary seaman. In 1815, Westerman was demoted again for "deviant sexual practices" and further banned from the mizzen-top to keep him away from the other boys. In October that year a 15-man ring was discovered, led by Italians Seraco and Treake, who named over 50 men. Rodney did not act until his return to Portsmouth so that the Admiralty could hold an official court-martial. Two others, John Parsons and Jack Hubbard, were only given lashes, but Hubbard's lashing was cut short for medical reasons.[140][141][142][143]
  •   George Siggins (21 August 1817), executed on Penenden Heath. Tried at Kent Assizes in Maidstone for a crime committed in Chatham.[144]
  •   Joseph Charlton (14 April 1819), 26, watchmaker, hanged at Morpeth. Tried at the Guildhall in Newcastle; funeral attended by 2,000 people.[145][146][147]
  •   John Markham (29 December 1819), 26, pauper and inmate of St. Giles's Workhouse, hanged at Newgate. Diarist and politician John Cam Hobhouse, who also held at Newgate at the time, noted, "Tis dreadful hanging a man for this practice".[147][148][149][150]
  •   Thomas Foster (3 May 1820), hanged at Penenden Heath. Tried at Kent Assizes for an offence with John Whyneard (charged as an accomplice, not hanged) at the Isle of Sheppey.[151][152][153]
  •   John Holland and William King (25 November 1822), 42 and 32, executed at Newgate; trial at Old Bailey.[154][155]
  •   William Arden, Benjamin Candler, and John Doughty (21 March 1823), 35, 36, and 35, a gentleman/half-pay officer, a valet to the Duke of Newcastle, and a cabinet maker, all hanged at Lincoln Castle. A love letter from 19-year-old Henry Hackett, apprentice draper, was sent to Candler using the Duke's address to save postage money, but the Duke read it and confronted Candler; Candler subsequently implicated Doughty and Arden, who had been associated in Grantham during summer 1822. Tried and convicted at Lincoln Assizes by Mr. Justice Park. Arden led a 36-man hunger strike with Candler and Doughty while in prison.[156][157][158][159]
  •   Charles Cutton (13 August 1824), 25, 53rd Regiment private, hanged at the New Drop, Northamptonshire. Charged for an offence committed in the barracks of Weedon Bec with a fellow 53rd Regiment private, 17-year-old Charles Paul, in May 1823. Sentenced by Mr. Justice Holroyd.[160][161]
  •   Joseph Bennett and George Maggs (20 April 1825), 30 and 22, from Witney and Radstock respecitvely, hanged together at Ilchester Gaol, Somerset.[162]
  •   Henry Nicholl[f] (12 August 1833), 50, captain and veteran of the Peninsular War, hanged at Horsemonger Lane Gaol. Body handed over for hospital dissection as his prominent family would not accept it for burial.[163]
  •   George Cropper (26 December 1833), 26, soldier, hanged at New Sessions House, Maidstone. Tried and convicted of an offence at Deptford with 18-year-old fellow solider Charles Pike, but Pike was acquitted. Cropper was hanged alongside a rapist.[164][165]
  •   John Spershott[g] (22 August 1835), 19, labourer, hanged at Horsham, Surrey. Tried and convicted of an offence with George Howard (not charged) at Mid Lavant. Spershott's execution was once of the last where the hangman passed the dead man's hands over the necks and bosoms of young women to cure glandular enlargements. Also hanged was a burglar.[166][167][168]
  •   John Smith and John Pratt (27 November 1835), last executions for homosexuality in England.

See also edit

Sources edit

  1. ^ Also given as Ladd and Thomas
  2. ^ AKA Methuselah
  3. ^ AKA Samuel Stockton
  4. ^ Also spelled Ottoway, Otooway, Ottway, and Otway
  5. ^ The Africaine arrived in Portsmouth in 1815 and was broken up in 1816, so they were likely executed here.
  6. ^ Also given as Nichol and Nicholls
  7. ^ Also given as Sparshott and Sparsholt
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References edit

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