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Usage
editTemplate {{User:StevenJ81/Lang-yi-dual}} indicates to readers the original form of a term or phrase in the Yiddish language. The text is formatted according to recommendations in Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms.
The template should generally be placed after the English translation of the foreign term or phrase.
Purpose of this template variant
editThis specialized version of the template is designed for use when both traditional and reformed spellings of Yiddish words exist to a noticeable degree "in the wild."
Substantial efforts to reform Yiddish orthography occurred during the 20th century. These efforts have culminated in YIVO's תּקנות פֿון ייִדישן אויסלייג, (takones fun yidishn oysleyg – "Rules of Yiddish Orthography"), the latest edition of which was published in 1999.[1] Details on the nature of these spelling reforms can be found in the article Yiddish orthography.
At present, both traditional and standardized approaches to Yiddish spelling exist in parallel. As a general rule:
- Older Yiddish writings (often pre-dating the spelling reforms) use traditional spelling
- Current communities of Yiddish speakers (mainly, but not exclusively, in chassidic communities) tend to use traditional spelling, and/or are accepting of variant spellings
- Academia uses YIVO spelling
However, exceptions exist to all of the above.
Words of Hebrew or Aramaic etymology. One variant of this situation exists with certain Yiddish words (or names) derived originally from Hebrew or Aramaic, often representing religious ideas. Such words are traditionally spelled in Yiddish as in the original Hebrew or Aramaic—with most vowels written as nekudot, or more often missing and implied. Thus, for example, Shabbos (i.e., Shabbat, the Jewish Sabbath) would be written as שבת. However, an aggressive and secularized version of spelling reform carried out in the Soviet Union during the second quarter of the 20th century applied a version of Yiddish's phonemic orthography even to such words. In this system, for example, Shabbos would be written as שאבעס. For the most part, spelling approaches of this nature were limited to the Soviet Union, and disappeared during the second half of the 20th century. Nevertheless, some of these variant spellings have survived in certain settings and are even noteworthy, though they are no longer common.
Required parameters
editThis template has two required parameters:
|t=traditional spelling|r="reformed" spelling
Where information does not exist for both parameters, use {{Lang-yi}} instead.
Other parameters
editThe parameter |links=no prevents the language name from being linked.
The parameter |lit= enables a literal translation to be given. It is being rolled out to these templates and so may be available for {{StevenJ81/Lang-yi-dual}}.
Examples
editEdit
Yiddish ({{User:StevenJ81/Lang-yi-dual|t=אידיש|r=יידיש|links=no}}) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.
Shabbat ({{User:StevenJ81/Lang-yi-dual|t=שבת|r=שאבעס|lit=Sabbath}}) is the Jewish day of rest.
Resulting text
Yiddish (Yiddish: אידיש [traditional] or יידיש [reformed spelling]) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.
Shabbat (Yiddish: שבת [traditional] or שאבעס [reformed spelling], lit. 'Sabbath') is the Jewish day of rest.
See also
edit- {{Lang-yi}}
- {{Lang}}, and its opposite, {{Language with name/for}}
References
edit- ^ Schaechter, Mordkhe, The Standardized Yiddish Orthography: Rules of Yiddish Spelling, 6th ed., and The History of the Standardized Yiddish Spelling, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, 1999, (in Yiddish with introductory material in English), ISBN 0-914512-25-0.