This page will be used for developing the Felidae cladogram.
Cladogram with newick trees for lineages edit
Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that living (extant) felids fall into eight lineages (clades).[1][2][3][4] In 2006, Johnson et al. presented the following cladogram (the genera shown are those included in the analysis):[2]
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The placement of the cheetah within the Puma lineage invalidates the traditional subfamily Acinonychinae, and recent sources use only two subfamilies for extant genera.[1] The eight lineages divide between these as follows:
- Subfamily Pantherinae:
- Subfamily Felinae:
- Lineage 2 (Bay cat lineage): Pardofelis, Catopuma
- Lineage 3 (Caracal lineage): Leptailurus, Caracal (including Profelis)
- Lineage 4 (Ocelot cat lineage): Leopardus
- Lineage 5 (Lynx lineage): Lynx
- Lineage 6 (Puma lineage): Puma, Acinonyx
- Lineage 7 (Leopard cat lineage): Prionailurus, Otocolobus
- Lineage 8 (Domestic cat lineage): Felis
The last four lineages are more related to each other than to any of the first four, so form a clade within the Felinae subfamily of family Felidae.[2]
Cladogram replacing newick trees and adding with Linnaean names edit
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Modular version edit
The phylogenetic relationships of living felids are shown in the following cladogram:[2][5]
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Cladogram with extinct species edit
This is based on the above molecular cladogram with addition extinct species as illustrated by a figure on the Goswamu lab website [1].
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Machairodontinae (Wallace & Hulbert, 2013) edit
- Add to a new phylogeny section in Rhizosmilodon
Phylogenetic relationships of Rhizosmilodon with other Machairodonts based on analysis of 37 cranio-mandibular characters.[6]
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Extinct and extant cats (Piras et al., 2013) edit
- Added to Sabertoothed cats article.
Based on Piras et al. (2013) [7] and the supplementary material in the Dryad data repository.[8] [9]
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Evolution of cats summary: edit
- TODO Add to Pseudaelurus article with explanatory section on evolution of three cat lineages.
Taxonomy of †Pseudaelurus Leidy 1858[10] after Werdelin et al (2010).[11]
- Pseudaelurus (Gervais 1850, type species P. quadridentatus),
- Schizailurus (Viret 1951, type species P. lorteti),
- Hyperailurictis (Kretzoi 1929b[14], type species P. intrepidus).
| Species | Authority | Type locality | Status and notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| †P. quadridentatus | de Blainville 1843 | Type species. Originally described as Felis quadridentata; assigned to Pseudaelurus by Gervais 1850. | |
| †P. intrepidus | Leidy 1858[10] | Described as Felis (Pseudaelurus) intrepidus? Considered type species of Hyperailurictis by Kretzoi (1929b)[14] and reassigned to Hyperailurictis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15] | |
| †P. edwardsi | Filhol 1872 | ?
| |
| †P. turnauensis | Hoernes 1882 | Includes P. transitorius. Considered type species of Styriofelis by Kretzoi (1929a)[13]; assigned to Styriofelis by Werdelin et al (2010).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
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| †P. lorteti | Gaillard 1899 | Considered type species of Miopanthera by Kretzoi (1938)[12] and type species of Schizailurus by Viret (1951); assigned to Styriofelis by Werdelin et al (2010).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
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| †P. africanus | Andrews 1914 | Karungu (Kenya) | Assigned to Metailurus africanus[16] or Afrosmilus africanus[17] |
| †P. marshi | Thorpe 1922[18] | Mouth of Minnechaduza Creek (Nebraska, USA) | Assigned to Hyperailurictis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15] |
| †P. romieviensis | Roman and Viret 1934 | Assigned to Styriofelis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15]
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| †P. aeluroides | Macdonald 1954[19] | Northeast rim of Sinclair Draw, Sioux County (Nebraska, USA) | ? |
| †P. stouti | Schultz and Martin 1972[20] | Described as Lynx stouti; assigned to P. stouti;[21] assigned to Hyperailurictis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15]
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| †P. guangheensis | Cao et al. 1990 | ||
| †P. cuspidatus | Wang et al. 1998 | ||
| †P. validus | Rothwell 2001[22] | Assigned to Hyperailurictis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15] | |
| †P. skinneri | Rothwell 2003[23] | Assigned to Hyperailurictis by Werdelin et al (2010).[15] | |
| †"P." vallesiensis | Salesa et al. 2012[24] | Batallones-1 and Batallones-3, Spain | Decribed as Styriofelis vallesiensis |
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- Rothwell (2003)[23] - relationships of North American Pseudaelurus
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Misc and temp edit
- Leopard subspecies added to Leopard article (further modifications made there)
| Common name | Traditional subspecies name | Authority | Revised subspecies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barbary leopard | P. p. panthera | Schreber 1777 | P. p. pardus (African leopard) |
| North African leopard | P. p. pardus | Linneaus 1758 | |
| Eritrean leopard | P. p. antinorii | de Beaux 1923 | |
| West African leopard | P. p. reichenowi | Odbrera 1918 | |
| West African forest leopard | P. p. leopardus | Schreber 1777 | |
| Central African leopard | P. p. shortridgei | Pocock 1932 | |
| Cape leopard | P. p. melanotica | Gunther 1885 | |
| East African leopard | P. p. suahelicus | Neumann 1900 | |
| Zanzibar leopard | P. p. adersi | Pocock 1932 | |
| Ugandan leopard | P. p. chui | Heller 1913 | |
| Congo leopard | P. p. iturensis | Auen 1924 | |
| Somalian leopard | P. p. nanopardus | Thomas 1904 | |
| Asia Minor or Anatolian leopard | P. p. tulliana | Vaienciennes 1856 | P. p. nimr (Arabian leopard) |
| Sinai leopard | P. p. jarvisi | Pocock 1932 | |
| South Arabian leopard | P. p. nimr | Ehrenberg & Hemprich 1833 | |
| Caucasus leopard | P. p. ciscaucasicus | Satunin 1914 | P. p. saxicolor (Caucasus or Persian leopard) |
| Central Persian leopard | P. p. dathei | Zukowsky 1964 | |
| North Persian leopard | P. p. saxicolor | Pocock 1927 | |
| Sind or Baluchistan leopard | P. p. sindica | Pocock 1930a | |
| Kashmir leopard | P. p. millardi | Pocock 1930b | P. p. fusca (Indian leopard) |
| Nepal leopard | P. p. pernigra | Hodgson 1863 | |
| Indian leopard | P. p. fusca | Meyer 1794 | |
| Sri Lankan leopard | P. p. kotiya | Deraniyagala 1956 | P. p. kotiya |
| South Chinese or Indochinese leopard | P. p. delacouri | Pocock 1930b | P. p. delacouri |
| Siberian or Amur leopard | P. p. orientalis | Schlegel 1857 | P. p. orientalis |
| North Chinese leopard | P. p. japonensis | Gray 1862 | P. p. japonensis |
| Javan leopard | P. p. melas | Cuvier 1809 | P. p. melas |
Cited references edit
- ^ a b Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Felidae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146.
- ^ Johnson, WE; O'Brien, SJ (1997). "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 Suppl 1: S98–116. doi:10.1007/PL00000060. PMID 9071018.
- ^ O'Brien, S. J.; Johnson, W. E. (2005). "Big cat genomics". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 6: 407–429. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.162151. PMID 16124868.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Li_al2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Wallace, S. C.; Hulbert, R. C. (2013). Larson, Greger (ed.). "A New Machairodont from the Palmetto Fauna (Early Pliocene) of Florida, with Comments on the Origin of the Smilodontini (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)". PLoS ONE. 8 (3): e56173. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056173. PMC 3596359. PMID 23516394.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Piras, P.; Maiorino, L.; Teresi, L.; Meloro, C.; Lucci, F.; Kotsakis, T.; Raia, P. (2013). "Bite of the Cats: Relationships between Functional Integration and Mechanical Performance as Revealed by Mandible Geometry". Systematic Biology. 62 (6): 878–900. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syt053. ISSN 1063-5157.
- ^ Piras P, Maiorino L, Teresi L, Meloro C, Lucci F, Kotsakis T, Raia P (2013) Data from: Bite of the cats: relationships between functional integration and mechanical performance as revealed by mandible geometry. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kp8t3
- ^ Piras, P.; Maiorino, L.; Teresi, L.; Meloro, C.; Lucci, F.; Kotsakis, T.; Raia, P. "Bite of the Cats: Relationships between Functional Integration and Mechanical Performance as Revealed by Mandible Geometry". Dryad Digital Repository. doi:10.5061/dryad.kp8t3.
- ^ a b J. Leidy. 1858. Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, Collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the Command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 10:15-89
- ^ Werdelin, L; O'Brien, S.J.; Johnson, W.E.; Yamaguchi, N. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)" (PDF). In Macdonald, D.W.; Loveridge, A.J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b Kretzoi M (1938) Die Raubtiere von Gombaszög nebst einer Übersicht der Gesamtfauna. Ann Mus Nat Hungar 31: 88–157
- ^ a b Kretzoi, M. (1929). Feliden-Studien. A Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Hazinyomdaja, 24: 1-22.
- ^ a b Kretzoi 1929. Materialien zur phylogenetischen Klassifikation der Aeluroideen. Int Cong Zool Budapest, 10 1929: pp. 1293-1355
- ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference
Werdelin-2010was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ unknown
- ^ J. Morales, M. Pickford, and M. J. Salesa. 2008. Creodonta and Carnivora from the Early Miocene of the Northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 20:291-310
- ^ M. R. Thorpe. 1922. Some Tertiary Carnivora in the Marsh collection, with descriptions of new forms. American Journal of Science 3(18):423-455
- ^ J. R. Macdonald. 1954. A new Pseudaelurus from the lower Snake Creek fauna of Nebraska. Journal of Paleontology 28(1):67-69
- ^ C. B. Schultz and L. D. Martin. 1972. Bulletin of the Nebraska State Museum 9(7)
- ^ T. Rothwell. 2003. Phylogenetic systematics of North American Pseudaelurus (Carnivora: Felidae). American Museum Novitates 3403:1-64
- ^ T. M. Rothwell. 2001. A Partial Skeleton of Pseudaelurus (Carnivora: Felidae) from the Nambé Member of the Tesuque Formation, Española Basin, New Mexico. American Museum Novitates 3342:1-31
- ^ a b Rothwell, T. (2003). "Phylogenetic systematics of North American Pseudaelurus (Carnivora: Felidae)". American Museum novitates. 3403: 1–64. ISSN 0003-0082.
- ^ Salesa, Manuel J.; Antón, Mauricio; Morales, Jorge; Peigné, Stéphane (2012). "Systematics and phylogeny of the small felines (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Late Miocene of Europe: a new species of Felinae from the Vallesian of Batallones (MN 10, Madrid, Spain)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.566584. ISSN 1477-2019.