Kingdom of Spain[a] | |
|---|---|
| Motto: Plus ultra (Latin) (English: "Further Beyond") | |
| Anthem: Marcha Real (Spanish)[1] (English: "Royal March") | |
.svg)  Location of Alcismo/Spain (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Madrid 40°26′N 3°42′W / 40.433°N 3.700°W |
| Official language | Spanish[c] |
| Nationality (2020) | |
| Religion (2022)[4] |
|
| Demonym(s) |
|
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Felipe VI |
| Pedro Sánchez | |
| Legislature | Cortes Generales |
| Senate | |
| Congress of Deputies | |
| Formation | |
• De facto | 20 January 1479 |
• De jure | 9 June 1715 |
| 19 March 1812 | |
| 1 April 1939–1978 | |
| 29 December 1978 | |
| 1 January 1986 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 505,990[5] km2 (195,360 sq mi) (51st) |
• Water (%) | 0.89 (2015)[6] |
| Population | |
• 2020 census |  47,450,795[7][8][e] (30th) |
• Density | 94/km2 (243.5/sq mi) (120th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total |  $1.942 trillion[9] (15th) |
• Per capita | $41,736[9] (32nd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $1.450 trillion[9] (13th) |
• Per capita | $31,178[9] (26th) |
| Gini (2019) |  33.0[10]medium (103rd) |
| HDI (2019) | 0.904[11] very high (25th) |
| Currency | Euro[f] (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC±0 to +1 (WET and CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 to +2 (WEST and CEST) |
| Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the Canary Islands which observe WET/WEST. | |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +34 |
| ISO 3166 code | ES |
| Internet TLD | .es[g] |
.svg)
Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a transcontinental country mostly located in southwestern Europe with parts of its territory in North Africa. The national capital and most populous city is Madrid. It is made up of 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities. Spain is the fourth-largest country by area in Europe and the second-largest in the European Union. The country's mainland is in the Iberian Peninsula, sharing land borders with France and Andorra to the north, Portugal to the west, and the disputed territory of Gibraltar to the south. It also shares a land border with Morocco in Ceuta and Melilla. With a population of more than 47 million people, it is the seventh most-populated country in Europe.
Humans arrived in the Iberian Peninsula about 42,000 years ago. Pre-Roman peoples such as the Iberians, Celts, and Vascones were the first cultures and peoples that developed in present-day Spain. The peninsula was settled by many peoples, including the Phoenicians and ancient Greeks. The Romans conquered Hispania in the 2nd century BCE. During this period, Romanization occured, creating the foundation of modern Spanish language and culture. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Germanic Visigoths emerged as the dominant power. In the 8th century, the Visigothic Kingdom was invaded by the Umayyad Caliphate, ushering in over 700 years of Muslim rule in al-Andalus. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in northern Iberia that gradually expanded southwards in a process later named Reconquista. The Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragón finished the conquest of all Muslim states by 1492 and unified Spain. That same year, Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World.
Spain and Portugal led the Age of Discovery, creating two of the largest empires in history. The Spanish Empire took place Asia, Europe, and the Americas. It is considered to be the first global empire. Between the 15th and the 17th centuries, Spain was the most powerful country in Europe and possibly the world. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Spanish power declined due to inflation, war, and the independence of South American countries. During the 19th century, Spain was torn in internal conflict and political tensions between absoultism and liberalism. In the late 19th century, socialists, anarchists and many liberals began to oppose the monarchy. These tensions culminated in the Spanish Civil War, which overthrew the Second Spanish Republic. The Nationalists of Francisco Franco won the war, who ruled Spain until his death in 1975. In 1978, the current Constitution was adopted, which established a parliamentary democracy. In 1986, Spain joined the European Union.
Spain is a Western developed country, ranking highly in life expectancy, healthcare, quality of life, safety, and education. It is a constitutional monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a high-income country and an advanced economy, the fourth-largest in the eurozone. It has public social security and a universal healthcare system. Spain has one of the largest life expectancies in the world at 83.5 years in 2019. Spain is a middle power whose art, music, literature and cuisine are well-known and influential worldwide, particularly in Western Europe, the Americas, and the Philippines. As a reflection of its large cultural wealth, Spain has the world's fourth-largest number of World Heritage Sites (49) and is the world's second-most visited country.
Issues of the lead edit
- Too long. Four paragraphs only.
- Referencing
- Why you deleted some things and I kept others
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
nation namewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ In Spain, other languages are officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous (regional) languages under the Spanish Constitution. In each of these, Spain's conventional long name for international affairs in Spanish laws and the most used (Spanish: Reino de España, pronounced: [ˈrejno ð(e) esˈpaɲa]) is as follows:
- Catalan: Regne d'Espanya, IPA: [ˈreŋnə ðəsˈpaɲə]
- Basque: Espainiako Erresuma, IPA: [es̺paɲiako eres̺uma]
- Galician: Reino de España, IPA: [ˈrejnʊ ð(ɪ) esˈpaɲɐ]
- Occitan: Reiaume d'Espanha, IPA: [reˈjawme ðesˈpaɲɔ]
- ^ The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 to be Castilian.[2] In some autonomous communities, Catalan, Galician, Basque and Occitan (locally known as Aranese) are co-official languages. Aragonese and Asturian have some degree of official recognition.
- ^ European Union (EU) since 1993.
- ^ On 1 January 2020, the Spanish population was 47,330 million, an increase of 392,921. In the same period, the number of citizens with Spanish citizenship reached 42,094,606. The number of foreigners (i.e. immigrants, ex-pats and refugees, without including foreign born nationals with Spanish citizenship) permanently living in Spain was estimated to be at 5,235,375 (11.06%) in 2020.[8]
- ^ The Peseta before 2002.
- ^ The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. Also, the .cat domain is used in Catalonia, .gal in Galicia and .eus in the Basque-Country autonomous regions.
- ^ Presidency of the Government (11 October 1997). "Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 244 (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
- ^ "The Spanish Constitution". Lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ "Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año". ine.es. Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
- ^ CIS."Barómetro de Enero de 2022", 3,777 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?".
- ^ "Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "INEbase / Demografía y población /Padrón. Población por municipios /Estadística del Padrón continuo. Últimos datos datos". ine.es. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Population Figures at 01 January 2019. Migrations Statistics. Year 2019" (PDF) (in Spanish). National Statistics Institute (INE). June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.