Talk:Convection

Definition

The starting point of every article has to be a referenced definition. The best definition i know is here http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/convection?s=t which is wider and has somewhat different threads from the one here. The article is supposed to be made not only for engineers but for all, even kids. So, the starting point has to be the everyday language definition. I am not changing anything out of respect for the work of many till now, until a lot agree. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 5.55.121.176 (talk) 07:39, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

Miscellaneous

Someone has vandalised this page by replacing 'fluid' with 'poo'. Is there someone who knows how to restore it to its previous version? 7/11/2006 - Lti

You go to history and pick a version just before the change, and do "edit" then "save". Or if other changes have been made since then, you manually bring up the latest version and manually change the word then save. SBHarris 01:26, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

I thought it would be good to add that much study of convection also relates to motion of fluids such as water, in solar energy and HVAC. --User:Jdpipe

This definition of convection as a heat transfer mechanism is archaic. It might be a natural physical phenomenon relying on gravitation but it is no more a heat transfer mechanism than picking up a red hot poker and plunging into a bath of cold water.

Don't understand what you're trying to say. There's nothing archaic about it. It is a mechanism of heat transfer. Without gravity, a forest fire as you know it would be impossible. The best that would happen is everything would sit and smolder slowly. A poker into water is a specific example of a physical system. We're talking about mechanisms which transcend the specific materials. SBHarris 01:26, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

It might be more useful today to relate this process to efficiency. For example forced convection is quicker than natural convection, a heatpipe can tanfer more heat for a given volume etc. Transfer through use of Latent Heat exchange is also an extremely important mechanism. What would we call heat movement in a non-gravity situation caused by diffusion of a gas? User:rjstott

Just simple heat transfer by diffusion. There may be more efficient processes than convection, but there aren't many of them. SBHarris 01:26, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

I've got a relatively simple complaint: In the intro paragraph, there's a statement 'Convection of mass cannot take place in solids, since neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion can take place in solids.' but then we have a section on mantle convection, which is indeed convection in a solid. Of course, this only happens because geologic timescales are long enough that the mantle can behave as a fluid, but we still have a categorical statement in the beginning of the intro that is inconsistent with material in the rest of the article. Perhaps it can be restated to somehow state that convection occurs in fluids, which typically refers to liquids, gases, or plasmas, but can also occur in solids given large enough timescales to allow fluid behavior. --Zealotus (talk) 16:12, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Did the article mean to say that convection CAN be induced .. using a burner .. applying heat.. etc etc in the first paragraph? It says CANNOT right now

Equation with integral

In the equation that has the integral with apparently A_s as the lower limit, the subscript s for A_s does not show well. The s looks likes it's part of the integrand instead of the lower limit. I'm not sure at this time how to fix this problem. H Padleckas 11:06, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Thermal convection, Rayleigh-Benard convection, Maringoni convection, Solutal convection

Thermal convection redirects here, but isn't mentioned in the article. Is it superfluous (is all convection thermal)? Also, Weisstein's physics encyclopedia says that thermal convection is also called Rayleigh-Benard convection. This web page says that, "the stripe or roll state formed in bouyancy driven convection is today referred to as Rayleigh-Benard convection. Surface tension induced convection is known as Maringoni convection." -- Kjkolb 00:50, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

I also found something called solutal convection, but I've been unable to find out its definition. -- Kjkolb 02:59, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

There is also granular convection, where vibration in a bed of granular material causes vertical circulation. Will.Brunner 05:08, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

fluid

Adding after the use of 'fluid' in the first paragraph "which can be a liquid, gas, or plasma" would help readers who see fluid and think that it means liquid, which I am guessing is not an uncommon mistake.

--Akako|☎ 00:15, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

convection and HVAC

For my part, I was hoping to find here a discussion relating to HVAC and ovens and how convection heaters and convection ovens differ from the conventional kinds--or whether the term in those cases is misapplied in some sense.

Thanks.

Pattern Forming

The pattern forming section is very confusing (even to someone who understands convection already). It should probably be removed or at least moved to its own article. Anonymous6494 06:13, 4 December 2006 (UTC) It also means that it is international current of the movement of the fulid.

Heat transferred from Earth's surface by convection?

The beginning of the Atmospheric Convection section begins: In the case of Earth's atmosphere, solar radiation heats the Earth's surface, and this heat is then transferred to the air by convection. Since the earth's surface is not a fluid (cf definition up top), use of "convection" here strikes me just plain wrong. Shouldn't the transfer from Earth's surface to the air be by either radiation or conduction? The convection will pick up after that.

68.166.104.2 19:38, 23 February 2007 (UTC) JP

You're right, of course. I think it means to say "transferred away into the air by a mostly convective process". That first little bit where the air molecules hit the ground and come away faster isn't convection, nor is heating of air by radiation, but overall it's mostly a convective process, and not worth complicating here by going into it finely. I'll fix it. SBHarris 01:29, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Oceanic Convection

On March 6th, someone changed the last word of the paragraph under Oceanic Convection from "heat" to "hell". I changed it back.

Was: "In this case it is quite possible for relatively warm, saline water to sink, and colder, fresher water to rise, reversing the normal transport of hell."

Is now:"In this case it is quite possible for relatively warm, saline water to sink, and colder, fresher water to rise, reversing the normal transport of heat." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Doodit (talk • contribs) 16:40, 15 March 2007 (UTC).

Diffusion vs convection

Yesterday i added the comparism to diffusion in the article about convection. You edited my add. You 're right, "internal force" is misleading and "brownian motion" ist the correct discription of the physical process. But you also edited the term "caused by an external force such as gravity or heating" by "convection is a relatively large-scale effect, involving bulk fluid motion." I think yor 're right with the discription "how convection looks like" but you deleted what is the REASON for convection, and I think the reason is a (macroscopic) external force due to gravity, pressure difference, temperature difference and so on. For example in fuel cells technology forcing a liquid to move through a porous media is denoted by convection. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.187.5.225 (talk) 08:54, 8 May 2007 (UTC).

(Above comment copied from my talk page) I don't disagree with your statements about the driving force for convection, but I feel it's covered sufficiently in the article text, and doesn't need to be discussed in that much detail in the introductory paragraph. What do the other editors think? --Slashme 10:31, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Hmm... I don't know... I don't.... know... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.227.136.88 (talk) 01:30, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Convection & Advection : Definitions

Reference : Wicktionary.

It appears to me that these two terms -- as they appear in this article and in the Wiktionary -- need to be harmonized. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.157.173.219 (talk) 06:34, August 30, 2007 (UTC)

I was very confused by this also. Many graduate texts on transport phenomena (at least in Chemical Engineering) define the flux of a quantity as a sum of convection and diffusion. This article uses convection as "flux" and then splits it into advection and diffusion. Is this due to the style of the article being formed from a heat transfer standpoint as opposed to transport phenomena in general? I believe this to be the case, as almost every talking point and section discusses heat transfer, many only discussing heat transfer. Some clarification should be added and convection should be expanded, as the scope of convection is very limited in this article to heat convection. For example, natural convection does NOT need to be created by temperature differences. It can also be caused by a constant temperature, variable density fluid, common in many heterogenous mixtures. 2001:1948:414:8:0:0:0:64 (talk) 20:06, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Section on Natural Convection looks sabotoged

The section on Narural convection seems to be non-sensical. It talks about effects of gravity from Mars on Earth. It uses an Equation that has T to the fourh power which is for radiative cooling. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.206.168.67 (talk) 14:37, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

I have changed it, it was caused by vandalism. Seddon69 (talk) 16:40, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

I removed the whole chunk about radiative heat transfer. --Slashme (talk) 06:52, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

So were does conduction settle in this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.226.233.73 (talk) 00:49, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Could this image be used in the article?

Are there any objections to using this image in the article?

image:Hobo_stove_convection_2.jpg
Description: Cutaway illustration of a hobo stove including air convection
--Dave (talk) 21:20, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

I think that's a good image for the article. It was already used in some of the other language versions of this article. -SCEhardT 13:03, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Wasn't this used in the article at some other point? I swear I've seen it before. In any case, I think it's applicable. Go for it! --Wizard191 (talk) 13:21, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Mantle Convection

In the mantle convection section, it says that movement of liquid metal in the outer core produces an electric current that in turn produces the Earth's magnetic field. This isn't quite true, as a physicist can tell you that moving metal is not sufficient to generate an electric current (it is if it's in a magnetic field, but that's circular reasoning in this case). As much as geologists are loath to admit it, we actually don't know what causes the Earth's magnetic field, just that it is probably driven by convection somehow. I think I'm going to go ahead and edit this, as I have some solid citations.--67.244.44.244 (talk) 17:57, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Please do. As far as I remember (my thoughts usually don't go deeper than the asthenosphere), the idea is that the passage of a conductive fluid through other "loops" of conductive fluid induces a magnetic field. Awickert (talk) 06:54, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

There should be no mention of liquid metal convection in a section on the mantle. Liquid metal is found in the outer core only. The mantle is a solid, broadly ferro-magnesian silicate. cstarknyc (talk) 10:33, 12 August 2011 (EDT)

Of course you are correct. Will fix. SBHarris 23:28, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

Mechanics section

I'm thinking of making a mechanics section here. What do people think: should I present the Rayleigh number and explain its physical significance, or go through the entire mass/momentum/energy balance and its nondimensionalization (and then get to the Rayleigh number)? Awickert (talk) 06:55, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

I'm not sure you have to go into a full blown proof of the Rayleigh number, because that belongs in the Rayleigh number article, however having a section about dimensionless numbers that related to convection makes sense to me. Wizard191 (talk) 13:35, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Thanks - that's where I was leaning. So I'll discuss the Rayleigh number and the onset of convection here, and then when I get a chance, I'll derive the Rayleigh number in its own article. Awickert (talk) 16:18, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Sounds good! I look forward to seeing your edits. Wizard191 (talk) 19:56, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Major cleanup

The current confusion of pages on convection, forced convection, natural convection and convective heat transfer prompted me to attempt a rewrite. This page will become a general overview of the mechanisms of convection both free and forced, but will direct most detail to pages on either forced or free, unless they relate to mixed or or other forms of convection. The mechanisms of convective heat transfer will be dealt with in the force and natural convection pages separately. The fact that there is no page about convective mass transfer gave me the confidence to attempt this merge; it should be possible to make these few pages more concise and less repetitive. Comments much appreciated. Jdpipe (talk) 15:49, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for the boldness. This whole topic in general needs a lot of work. Your plan works for me. Wizard191 (talk) 16:13, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

Solar convection

I'd like to find out more about solar convection, and was surprised not to find info (or a handy pointer) here. 70.247.164.14 (talk) 01:52, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, it's just ordinary natural convection, but occuring in the outer layers of the Sun. Nothing special about it but the location. SBHarris 21:42, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Gravitational convection

One editor attempted to remove this, saying it was the same as natural convection. It isn't. Natural convection requires a heat source, since it is heat-induced expansion which causes the bouyancy changes. Gravitational convection works on any system where the materials have differing densities. It can both produce and transport heat, without being DEPENDENT on heat (the heat produced is due to gravitational potential being turned into heat, and is responsible for 1/3 to 1/2 of the heat coming from the interior of the Earth, and even more from Jupiter). In theory, this type of convection could transport mass-only, since the heat source isn't needed. SBHarris 21:44, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Does convection mean conduction plus advection?

The discussion at the beginning of the article indicates that convection is usually viewed as the combination of conductive and advective transport. The reference is to Incropera et al. In the most recent edition of their book they state: "The convection heat transfer mode is comprised of two mechanisms. In addition to energy transfer due to random molecular motion (diffusion), energy is also transferred by the bulk, or macroscopic, motion of the fluid. This fluid motion is associated with the fact that, at any instant, large numbers of molecules are moving collectively or as aggregates. Such motion, in the presence of a temperature gradient, contributes to heat transfer. Because the molecules in the aggregate retain their random motion, the total heat transfer is then due to a superposition of energy transport by the random motion of the molecules and by the bulk motion of the fluid. It is customary to use the term convection when referring to this cumulative transport and the term advection when referring to transport due to bulk fluid motion."

I have also hear my colleagues indicate that convection is a composite term, derived by mixing the words conduction and advection. My reading in both the current and historic literature indicates to me that conduction and advection are equivalent terms, in the same way that thermal diffusion and conduction are also equivalent terms. Convection and advection are both derived from Latin words, meaning "to carry together" and "to carry", respectively. The term advective transport does not appear in the literature until the mid 1900's, whereas convection and convective transport are used much earlier. Furthermore, current standard texts, other than that of Incropera et al, tend to label the second term of the RHS of the heat equation as the convective term, which indicates those authors consider convection (aka advection) to be different from diffusion (aka conduction). --MuTau (talk) 00:49, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Are you sure mean to to suggest that advection and conduction were once equivalent terms? At most, it is advection and convection that were once not separated. Convection and advection always had to do with bulk flows. In the last 50 years if has become conventional to separate convection into advective + diffusive terms. That might not have always been so in the past, but in the past, a "pilot" was a person who steered a boat on a river or in a port, and before that, even on the ocean. It didn't mean airplane pilot, because there were no airplanes. Electrocution referred specifically to electrical execution, not something your toaster might do to you. The language changes. Yes, "convection" is probably not built from conduction and advection. A historical section is appropriate (historically, advection was once used mainly for forced convection, not natural convection, and the diffusion was included because there was not way to separate it), but most texts use the words as they are defined here. ONE CAN have advection without diffusion-- though generally it's advection of mass in mass-transport, where the particles are too large to diffuse. SBHarris 06:56, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Convection in solids

This page begins on a blatantly confusing premise by saying that convection cannot occur in solids while also saying it can occur in "rheids", which (according to the linked article) are solids that deform in a viscous fashion. For starters the term "rheid" is far too obscure for a first paragraph - geologists know the term "rheology" but they'd be hard pressed to define the term "rheid", and for lay readers it's wildly inappropriate. Such readers will look at the adjoining image of mantle convection and will likely leap to the incorrect conclusion that the mantle is liquid - a false premise so widely held that frequent explanations in the media of volcanic eruptions claim that the crust is floating on a molten liquid. In any case, convection can also occur in solids that deform plastically, in the sense that a yield stress need be exceeded before permanent strain can occur (viscous solids have zero yield stress). Cstarknyc 10:42, 12 August 2011 (EDT)

I would like to add that "Convection of mass cannot take place in solids, since neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion can take place in solids." is misleading with respect to diffusion as well. I do not know enough about mantles to discuss advection in solids but diffusion absolutely occurs in solids, sometimes to meaningful degrees. The article tries to qualify the statement by saying "significant diffusion" but this is either misleading or outright incorrect. Diffusion of molecules in metal alloys, for example, even at fairly short time scales (think days to years) can incredibly important due to the fact that minor amounts of impurities can drastically alter the properties of a metal. There are also innumerable applications that utilize incredibly thin metals. Copper diffusing nanometers into nickel is absolutely significant if the nickel is less than a micrometer in thickness. 128.110.78.96 (talk) 22:58, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

A bad 'good model'

'. A good model for convection is when you take a heat source (e.g. Bunsen burner) and place it at any side of a glass full of a liquid, you then can feel the different levels of heat in the glass..' The preceding line from the first section is disingenuous and should be removed by someone with more experience. The described set up is not a good model because it does not exclusively or predominantly explain or allow the visualization of convection. The described set up involved all three modes of heat transfer and fails to distinguish between any. 70.185.109.98 (talk) 01:19, 20 February 2013 (UTC) BGriffin

Bad Phrasing

"[...] you then can feel the different levels of heat in the glass [...]" is bad phrasing, as heat is not a state variable but a process variable, one cannot feel or see different levels of heat but the results from the heat flux. What one sees in the glass full of liquid when one puts a heat source on one side of the glass are the density gradients resulting from the temperature gradients in the water. (The density gradients are also what one sees using the Schlieren method.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.107.45.103 (talk) 15:53, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Incorrect scale bar?

It appears the scale bar in the following image (located in the Stellar Physics section) is incorrect:

According to WorldAtlas.com North America is 4,313 km East-West and 2,535 km North-South. The text in the section accompanying the image states solar granules are approximately 1,000 km in diameter. This appears to roughly match the image of North America, but not the scale bar.

The same image accompanies the article on solar granules. Perhaps this needs fixing...? — Preceding unsigned comment added by GDierk (talk • contribs) 03:38, 21 December 2013 (UTC)

Heat transfer

Added lede image at heat transfer. Prokaryotes (talk) 18:41, 5 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Convection. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060923233344/http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/ocean/seabreezes.htm to http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/ocean/seabreezes.htm
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100503013457/http://www.science-house.org/nesdis/gulf/background.html to http://www.science-house.org/nesdis/gulf/background.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 18 January 2022).

• If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
• If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.

Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 16:37, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

User:InternetArchiveBot also archived the below on 18:02, 12 August 2017 (UTC):

• https://web.archive.org/web/20081220230524/http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8e.html to http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8e.html

... and the below on 07:54, 5 December 2017 (UTC):

• https://web.archive.org/web/20081211050708/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=trade-winds1 to http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=trade-winds1
• https://web.archive.org/web/20100622073904/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=westerlies1 to http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=westerlies1

Merge Natural Convection article into this Convection article.

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section. A summary of the conclusions reached follows.

To merge Natural convection to Convection given the overlap; to not rename Convection to Convection (Fluid Mechanics) as this is the primary topic; to not move Convective heat transfer to Convection (Thermodynamics), as actions elswhere have resulted in an alternative move. Klbrain (talk) 10:06, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

---

Natural convection is the name given to Convection when discussing Convective heat transfer (which also called convection in thermodynamic contexts). Its corollary is Forced convection - heat transfer by powered fluid flow.

The Natural convection article has a lot of excellent information and text. I suggest merging this article into the main Convection article.

I've also created a Move suggestion for both this article and the Convective Heat Transfer article. My suggestion is:

• Move/Rename Convection to Convection (Fluid Mechanics)
• Move/Rename Convective heat transfer to Convection (Thermodynamics) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.242.168.210 (talk) 12:07, 5 April 2021 (UTC)
  • Support Merge This article already provides some examples of natural convection, Natural convection is unnecessary duplication. But I oppose the first move as Convection is the primary topic. The second move I support but to Convection (heat transfer), as it is an example of the physical process of convective fluid transfer in action. Polyamorph (talk) 08:04, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
  • Support merge, renaming is a separate issue. I agree with Polyamorph regarding the moves. -Kj cheetham (talk) 11:17, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
  • Support second merge This article itself is the primary topic, there's no reason for the first move. However, I do support the second move.NekomancerJaidyn (talk) 08:04, 17 June 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

  Y Merger complete. Klbrain (talk) 10:06, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 9 April 2021

The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move Best Wishes, Lee Vilenski ^{(talk • contribs)} 14:18, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

---

Convection → Convection (Fluid mechanics) – To help eliminate confusion between the different physical phenomena which are described by the same name in different contexts. 60.242.168.210 (talk) 11:57, 5 April 2021 (UTC)

This is a contested technical request (permalink). Polyamorph (talk) 13:52, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

• Copied from Wikipedia:Requested moves/Technical requests:
  • May want to wait to see what to response is at Talk:Convection#Merge_Natural_Convection_article_into_this_Convection_article. first. -Kj cheetham (talk) 12:47, 5 April 2021 (UTC)
    • I don't see how that makes a difference - whether the merge is completed before or after the rename (move)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by OCouch (talk • contribs) 11:59, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
      • Because it also talks about the renaming, not just the moving. -Kj cheetham (talk) 18:14, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
  • Or move to Convection (fluid mechanics)? Anthony Appleyard (talk) 14:32, 6 April 2021 (UTC)
    • As per WP:QUALIFIER it should indeed be Convection (fluid mechanics) if moved. But what should exist at Convection if moved? I'd say a DAB page listing Convection (fluid mechanics) and Convection (Heat transfer) would be a bit of a WP:SURPRISE, and I see no benefit of it just being a simple redirect. The hatnotes explaining are probably sufficient. -Kj cheetham (talk) 18:19, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
      • To make it clearer, I oppose this move. -Kj cheetham (talk) 11:17, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
  • Oppose move I don't agree Convection should be moved, this is the primary topic. Convective heat transfer (I would support moving that to Convection (heat transfer)) describes the transfer of heat due to convective fluid flow. The hatnote addresses this, perhaps this could be made clearer both in the hatnotes and main text of the related articles. Polyamorph (talk) 08:00, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Simplified Lede ?

Could anyone reading this draft an simplified lead for this? My student could not understand any of the opening sentences. Thanks for any help! DrMel (talk) 19:55, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

Health

Write any four method of artificial contraception 27.34.20.99 (talk) 13:33, 26 November 2021 (UTC)