Solar eclipse of May 30, 1965

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Sunday, May 30 and Monday, May 31, 1965,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0544. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.9 days before perigee (on June 1, 1965, at 19:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

Solar eclipse of May 30, 1965
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.4225
Magnitude1.0544
Maximum eclipse
Duration315 s (5 min 15 s)
Coordinates2°30′S 133°48′W / 2.5°S 133.8°W / -2.5; -133.8
Max. width of band198 km (123 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse21:17:31
References
Saros127 (55 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9432

As most of the eclipse's path was over open ocean, a prolonged observation was made by a jet transport; flying parallel to the path of the eclipse at 587 mph (945 km/h), this gave scientists what was at the time the "longest probe in man's history into the conditions of a solar eclipse", for nearly ten minutes. The expedition involved scientists from NASA, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland; in total, 30 researchers and 13 separate research projects were represented on the plane. [3] [4] [5] The plane, operated by NASA, took off from Hilo, Hawaii, and met up with the path of the eclipse approximately 1,000 mi (1,600 km) south of there.[6] While mostly invisible from land, some ground-based observers in an 85-mile-wide strip of northern New Zealand were able to clearly view the event.[6]

Totality was visible from northwestern Northland Region in New Zealand on May 31 (Monday), and Manuae in Cook Islands, Manuae and Motu One in French Polynesia, and Peru on May 30 (Sunday). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Oceania, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and western South America.

Observations

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New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan and the Soviet Union sent observation teams to Manuae, Cook Islands to observe the total eclipse. The New Zealand government deployed ships to transport passengers from Rarotonga, the island where the national capital Avarua is located, to Manuae. The atoll has a total area of 1,524 hectares, and only a few copra workers lived there permanently. During the totality, there were 85 scientists as well as their assistants on the atoll. The sun was covered by clouds during the eclipse and observations were not successful.[7] In the northern part of New Zealand's North Island, the total eclipse occurred shortly after sunrise on May 31 local time. Although there were some clouds in the sky on the previous evening, the eclipse was seen successfully. In addition, scientists also launched rockets to obtain observation data from high altitude.[8]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]

May 30, 1965 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1965 May 30 at 18:42:27.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1965 May 30 at 19:41:19.6 UTC
First Central Line 1965 May 30 at 19:42:27.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1965 May 30 at 19:43:36.4 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1965 May 30 at 20:58:09.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1965 May 30 at 21:06:07.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1965 May 30 at 21:13:07.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1965 May 30 at 21:17:30.7 UTC
Greatest Duration 1965 May 30 at 21:22:56.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1965 May 30 at 21:37:09.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1965 May 30 at 22:51:30.3 UTC
Last Central Line 1965 May 30 at 22:52:40.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1965 May 30 at 22:53:50.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1965 May 30 at 23:52:34.5 UTC
May 30, 1965 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.05440
Eclipse Obscuration 1.11175
Gamma −0.42251
Sun Right Ascension 04h30m07.4s
Sun Declination +21°50'16.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'46.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 04h30m34.5s
Moon Declination +21°25'43.5"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'22.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'07.2"
ΔT 36.1 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of May–June 1965
May 30
Ascending node (new moon)
June 14
Descending node (full moon)
   
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 127
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 139
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Eclipses in 1965

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 127

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1964–1967

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]

The partial solar eclipses on January 14, 1964 and July 9, 1964 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1964 to 1967
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 June 10, 1964
 
Partial
−1.1393 122 December 4, 1964
 
Partial
1.1193
127 May 30, 1965
 
Total
−0.4225 132 November 23, 1965
 
Annular
0.3906
137 May 20, 1966
 
Annular
0.3467 142 November 12, 1966
 
Total
−0.33
147 May 9, 1967
 
Partial
1.1422 152 November 2, 1967
 
Total (non-central)
1.0007

Saros 127

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[11]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48
 
February 21, 1803
 
March 4, 1821
 
March 15, 1839
49 50 51
 
March 25, 1857
 
April 6, 1875
 
April 16, 1893
52 53 54
 
April 28, 1911
 
May 9, 1929
 
May 20, 1947
55 56 57
 
May 30, 1965
 
June 11, 1983
 
June 21, 2001
58 59 60
 
July 2, 2019
 
July 13, 2037
 
July 24, 2055
61 62 63
 
August 3, 2073
 
August 15, 2091
 
August 26, 2109
64 65 66
 
September 6, 2127
 
September 16, 2145
 
September 28, 2163
67 68
 
October 8, 2181
 
October 19, 2199

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018
January 4–5 October 23–24 August 10–12 May 30–31 March 18–19
111 113 115 117 119
 
January 5, 1935
 
August 12, 1942
 
May 30, 1946
 
March 18, 1950
121 123 125 127 129
 
January 5, 1954
 
October 23, 1957
 
August 11, 1961
 
May 30, 1965
 
March 18, 1969
131 133 135 137 139
 
January 4, 1973
 
October 23, 1976
 
August 10, 1980
 
May 30, 1984
 
March 18, 1988
141 143 145 147 149
 
January 4, 1992
 
October 24, 1995
 
August 11, 1999
 
May 31, 2003
 
March 19, 2007
151 153 155
 
January 4, 2011
 
October 23, 2014
 
August 11, 2018

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
September 8, 1801
(Saros 112)
 
August 7, 1812
(Saros 113)
 
July 8, 1823
(Saros 114)
 
June 7, 1834
(Saros 115)
 
May 6, 1845
(Saros 116)
 
April 5, 1856
(Saros 117)
 
March 6, 1867
(Saros 118)
 
February 2, 1878
(Saros 119)
 
January 1, 1889
(Saros 120)
 
December 3, 1899
(Saros 121)
 
November 2, 1910
(Saros 122)
 
October 1, 1921
(Saros 123)
 
August 31, 1932
(Saros 124)
 
August 1, 1943
(Saros 125)
 
June 30, 1954
(Saros 126)
 
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
 
April 29, 1976
(Saros 128)
 
March 29, 1987
(Saros 129)
 
February 26, 1998
(Saros 130)
 
January 26, 2009
(Saros 131)
 
December 26, 2019
(Saros 132)
 
November 25, 2030
(Saros 133)
 
October 25, 2041
(Saros 134)
 
September 22, 2052
(Saros 135)
 
August 24, 2063
(Saros 136)
 
July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)
 
June 22, 2085
(Saros 138)
 
May 22, 2096
(Saros 139)
 
April 23, 2107
(Saros 140)
 
March 22, 2118
(Saros 141)
 
February 18, 2129
(Saros 142)
 
January 20, 2140
(Saros 143)
 
December 19, 2150
(Saros 144)
 
November 17, 2161
(Saros 145)
 
October 17, 2172
(Saros 146)
 
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)
 
August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)
 
August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)
 
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)
 
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
 
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
 
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
 
May 10, 1994
(Saros 128)
 
April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)
 
March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)
 
March 10, 2081
(Saros 131)
 
February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)
 
January 30, 2139
(Saros 133)
 
January 10, 2168
(Saros 134)
 
December 19, 2196
(Saros 135)

References

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  1. ^ "May 30, 1965 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Eclipse Picture Try Successful". Orlando Evening Star. Orlando, Florida. 1965-05-31. p. 12. Retrieved 2023-10-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Probe of Eclipse History's Longest". The Courier. Waterloo, Iowa. 1965-05-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ "Jet Transport 'Wins' Race With Moon". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 1965-05-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b "Eclipse studied from jet". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia. 1965-06-01. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "A Full Total Solar Sun Eclipse Cook Islands 1965". Archived from the original on 28 November 2019.
  8. ^ "Night Sky - Sun Eclipse Television (Full Length Episode) – 1965". NZ On Screen. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1965 May 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  10. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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