Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 2, 2019,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 1.0459. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Coquimbo Region in Chile and Central Argentina at sunset, with the maximum of 4 minutes 33 seconds visible from the Pacific Ocean. The Moon was only 2.4 days before perigee (Perigee on July 5, 2019), making it fairly large.

Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Totality viewed from La Serena, Chile
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.6466
Magnitude1.0459
Maximum eclipse
Duration273 s (4 min 33 s)
Coordinates17°24′S 109°00′W / 17.4°S 109°W / -17.4; -109
Max. width of band201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse19:24:08
References
Saros127 (58 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9551

Another solar eclipse occurred one lunar year after this eclipse, on June 21, 2020. A total solar eclipse crossed this region of the Earth on December 14, 2020.

List of major cities in the path of totality

edit

Images

edit
 
Animated path
 
Geostationary satellite view of the eclipse by NOAA's GOES East. Hurricane Barbara can also be seen in the northern hemisphere.

Visibility

edit

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

Following the North American solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for the 2019 eclipses.[6]

Totality travelled over areas with low levels of humidity and light pollution, allowing for very good observations. Several major observatories experienced totality, including the European Southern Observatory.[7][8]

Oeno Island

edit

The first land surface and the only Pacific island from which totality was visible is Oeno Island, an uninhabited atoll in the Pitcairn Islands.[8]

Chile

edit

Totality was visible in a large portion of Coquimbo Region and small parts of Atacama Region. Cities in the path included La Serena and La Higuera. Approximately 300,000 people visited La Serena to view the event.[7] Tickets to view the eclipse from the European Southern Observatory were sold for US$2000 each.[8]

Argentina

edit

Totality was visible in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires. Cities in the path included San Juan and Río Cuarto.[8] The path of totality finished at the Samborombon Bay, where the eclipsed sunset was observed from San Clemente del Tuyu.

edit
edit

Eclipses of 2019

edit

Metonic

edit

Tzolkinex

edit

Half-Saros

edit

Tritos

edit

Solar Saros 127

edit

Inex

edit

Triad

edit

Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

edit

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[9]

The partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018 and August 11, 2018 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2018 to 2021
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117
 
Partial in Melbourne, Australia 		July 13, 2018
 
Partial 		−1.35423 122
 
Partial in Nakhodka, Russia 		January 6, 2019
 
Partial 		1.14174
127
 
Totality in La Serena, Chile 		July 2, 2019
 
Total 		−0.64656 132
 
Annularity in Jaffna, Sri Lanka 		December 26, 2019
 
Annular 		0.41351
137
 
Annularity in Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan 		June 21, 2020
 
Annular 		0.12090 142
 
Totality in Gorbea, Chile 		December 14, 2020
 
Total 		−0.29394
147
 
Partial in Halifax, Canada 		June 10, 2021
 
Annular 		0.91516 152
 
From HMS Protector off South Georgia 		December 4, 2021
 
Total 		−0.95261

Saros 127

edit

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[10]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48
 
February 21, 1803 		 
March 4, 1821 		 
March 15, 1839
49 50 51
 
March 25, 1857 		 
April 6, 1875 		 
April 16, 1893
52 53 54
 
April 28, 1911 		 
May 9, 1929 		 
May 20, 1947
55 56 57
 
May 30, 1965 		 
June 11, 1983 		 
June 21, 2001
58 59 60
 
July 2, 2019 		 
July 13, 2037 		 
July 24, 2055
61 62 63
 
August 3, 2073 		 
August 15, 2091 		 
August 26, 2109
64 65 66
 
September 6, 2127 		 
September 16, 2145 		 
September 28, 2163
67 68
 
October 8, 2181 		 
October 19, 2199

Inex series

edit

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

In the 19th century:

  • Solar Saros 120: Total Solar Eclipse of 1816 Nov 19
  • Solar Saros 121: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1845 Oct 30
  • Solar Saros 122: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1874 Oct 10

In the 22nd century:

  • Solar Saros 130: Total Solar Eclipse of 2106 May 3
  • Solar Saros 131: Annular Solar Eclipse of 2135 Apr 13
  • Solar Saros 132: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 2164 Mar 23
  • Solar Saros 133: Total Solar Eclipse of 2193 Mar 03

Tritos series

edit

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
March 14, 1801
(Saros 107) 		 
February 12, 1812
(Saros 108) 		 
January 12, 1823
(Saros 109) 		 
November 10, 1844
(Saros 111)
 
August 9, 1877
(Saros 114) 		 
July 9, 1888
(Saros 115) 		 
June 8, 1899
(Saros 116)
 
May 9, 1910
(Saros 117) 		 
April 8, 1921
(Saros 118) 		 
March 7, 1932
(Saros 119) 		 
February 4, 1943
(Saros 120) 		 
January 5, 1954
(Saros 121)
 
December 4, 1964
(Saros 122) 		 
November 3, 1975
(Saros 123) 		 
October 3, 1986
(Saros 124) 		 
September 2, 1997
(Saros 125) 		 
August 1, 2008
(Saros 126)
 
July 2, 2019
(Saros 127) 		 
June 1, 2030
(Saros 128) 		 
April 30, 2041
(Saros 129) 		 
March 30, 2052
(Saros 130) 		 
February 28, 2063
(Saros 131)
 
January 27, 2074
(Saros 132) 		 
December 27, 2084
(Saros 133) 		 
November 27, 2095
(Saros 134) 		 
October 26, 2106
(Saros 135) 		 
September 26, 2117
(Saros 136)
 
August 25, 2128
(Saros 137) 		 
July 25, 2139
(Saros 138) 		 
June 25, 2150
(Saros 139) 		 
May 25, 2161
(Saros 140) 		 
April 23, 2172
(Saros 141)
 
March 23, 2183
(Saros 142) 		 
February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

Metonic series

edit

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076
July 1–2 April 19–20 February 5–7 November 24–25 September 12–13
117 119 121 123 125
 
July 1, 2000 		 
April 19, 2004 		 
February 7, 2008 		 
November 25, 2011 		 
September 13, 2015
127 129 131 133 135
 
July 2, 2019 		 
April 20, 2023 		 
February 6, 2027 		 
November 25, 2030 		 
September 12, 2034
137 139 141 143 145
 
July 2, 2038 		 
April 20, 2042 		 
February 5, 2046 		 
November 25, 2049 		 
September 12, 2053
147 149 151 153 155
 
July 1, 2057 		 
April 20, 2061 		 
February 5, 2065 		 
November 24, 2068 		 
September 12, 2072
157
 
July 1, 2076

References

edit
  1. ^ "Chileans, Argentines see total solar eclipse". Albany Democrat-Herald. 2019-07-03. p. B7. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A NASA satellite caught yesterday's solar eclipse and a Category 4 hurricane at the same time — here's the video". Business Insider.
  3. ^ Waters, Michael. "Photos Capture the Great South American Eclipse". Smithsonian Magazine.
  4. ^ Strickland, Ashley; Picheta, Rob (July 2, 2019). "Stunning photos of the solar eclipse over South America". CNN.
  5. ^ "July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  6. ^ Cooper, Gael (2017-08-22). "Wait! Dig those eclipse glasses out of the garbage Here comes the sun. Astronomers Without Borders will be collecting the protective eyewear for use in future eclipses worldwide". Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  7. ^ a b "Total solar eclipse: thousands in Chile and Argentina marvel at 'something supreme'". The Guardian. 2019-07-02. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  8. ^ a b c d "Total solar eclipse hits South America". BBC News. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  9. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  10. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Additional sources

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solar eclipse of 2019 July 2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_eclipse_of_July_2,_2019&oldid=1235740540"