Shugoshin 1

SGO1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3FGA, 3Q6S, 4A0I
Identifiers
Aliases	SGO1, NY-BR-85, SGO, Sgo1, CAID, SGOL1, shugoshin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 609168 MGI: 1919665 HomoloGene: 23642 GeneCards: SGO1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	20,186,206 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	53,996,361 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ganglionic eminence; ; bone marrow cells; ; secondary oocyte; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; appendix; ; rectum; ; lymph node; ; thymus; ; testicle; ; smooth muscle tissue;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; secondary oocyte; ; blastocyst; ; morula; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; primitive streak; ; thymus; ; abdominal wall; ; maxillary prominence; ; neural tube;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	kinase binding; protein binding;
Cellular component	centrosome; spindle pole; chromosome; microtubule organizing center; chromosome, centromeric region; cytoskeleton; nucleus; kinetochore; condensed chromosome, centromeric region; cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; cytosol;
Biological process	chromosome segregation; meiotic chromosome segregation; cell division; cell cycle; attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore; centriole-centriole cohesion; mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	151648
	72415
	ENSG00000129810
	ENSMUSG00000023940
	Q5FBB7
	Q9CXH7
NM_001012409; NM_001012410; NM_001012411; NM_001012412; NM_001012413;
	NM_001199251; NM_001199252; NM_001199253; NM_001199254; NM_001199255; NM_001199256; NM_001199257; NM_138484
	NM_028232
NP_001012409; NP_001012410; NP_001012411; NP_001012412; NP_001012413;
	NP_001186180; NP_001186181; NP_001186182; NP_001186183; NP_001186184; NP_001186185; NP_001186186; NP_612493
	NP_082508
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Shugoshin 1 or Shugoshin-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGO1 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Mechanisms edit

A physical mechanism that guarantees the accurate segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis arises from the ring shaped cohesin complex consisting of 4 subunits (SMC1A/B, SMC3, SCC1, and SA1/2 in humans). This complex encircles the two sister chromatids and resists the pulling force of microtubules.^[8] The characteristic X-shape chromosomes are formed due to the centromeric cohesin protected by Shugoshin-PP2A complex.^[9]

Kinetochore localization of Sgo1-PP2A is dependent upon phosphorylation on histone H2A of nucleosome, which is the important substrate of spindle checkpoint kinase BUB1.^[10] Centromeric cohesin and H2A-pT120 specify two distinct pools of Sgo1-PP2A at inner centromeres and kinetochores respectively,^[11] while the CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylation on Sgo1 is essential for Sgo1-PP2A to protect centromeric cohesin, not only for bringing PP2A to cohesin,^[12] but also physically shield out the negative regulator WAPAL from cohesin.^[13]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129810 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023940 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
^ Scanlan MJ, Gout I, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Stockert E, Gure AO, Jäger D, Chen YT, Mackay A, O'Hare MJ, Old LJ (Mar 2001). "Humoral immunity to human breast cancer: antigen definition and quantitative analysis of mRNA expression". Cancer Immunity. 1: 4. PMID 12747765.
^ "Entrez Gene: SGOL1 shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe)".
^ Nasmyth K, Haering CH (2009). "Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms". Annual Review of Genetics. 43: 525–58. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134233. PMID 19886810.
^ Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y (May 2006). "Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin". Nature. 441 (7089): 46–52. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...46K. doi:10.1038/nature04663. PMID 16541025. S2CID 4425074.
^ Kawashima SA, Yamagishi Y, Honda T, Ishiguro K, Watanabe Y (Jan 2010). "Phosphorylation of H2A by Bub1 prevents chromosomal instability through localizing shugoshin". Science. 327 (5962): 172–7. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..172K. doi:10.1126/science.1180189. PMID 19965387. S2CID 41673818.
^ Liu H, Jia L, Yu H (Oct 2013). "Phospho-H2A and cohesin specify distinct tension-regulated Sgo1 pools at kinetochores and inner centromeres". Current Biology. 23 (19): 1927–33. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.078. PMID 24055156.
^ Liu H, Rankin S, Yu H (Jan 2013). "Phosphorylation-enabled binding of SGO1-PP2A to cohesin protects sororin and centromeric cohesion during mitosis". Nature Cell Biology. 15 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1038/ncb2637. PMC 3531828. PMID 23242214.
^ Hara K, Zheng G, Qu Q, Liu H, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Tomchick DR, Yu H (Oct 2014). "Structure of cohesin subcomplex pinpoints direct shugoshin-Wapl antagonism in centromeric cohesion". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (10): 864–70. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2880. PMC 4190070. PMID 25173175.

Further reading edit

Wang X, Dai W (Oct 2005). "Shugoshin, a guardian for sister chromatid segregation". Experimental Cell Research. 310 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.018. PMID 16112668.
Fu G, Ding X, Yuan K, Aikhionbare F, Yao J, Cai X, Jiang K, Yao X (Jul 2007). "Phosphorylation of human Sgo1 by NEK2A is essential for chromosome congression in mitosis". Cell Research. 17 (7): 608–18. doi:10.1038/cr.2007.55. PMID 17621308.
Pouwels J, Kukkonen AM, Lan W, Daum JR, Gorbsky GJ, Stukenberg T, Kallio MJ (Jul 2007). "Shugoshin 1 plays a central role in kinetochore assembly and is required for kinetochore targeting of Plk1". Cell Cycle. 6 (13): 1579–85. doi:10.4161/cc.6.13.4442. PMID 17617734.
Fu G, Hua S, Ward T, Ding X, Yang Y, Guo Z, Yao X (Jun 2007). "D-box is required for the degradation of human Shugoshin and chromosome alignment". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 357 (3): 672–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.204. PMID 17448445.
Yang Y, Wang X, Dai W (Apr 2006). "Human Sgo1 is an excellent target for induction of apoptosis of transformed cells". Cell Cycle. 5 (8): 896–901. doi:10.4161/cc.5.8.2691. PMID 16628005.
Tang Z, Shu H, Qi W, Mahmood NA, Mumby MC, Yu H (May 2006). "PP2A is required for centromeric localization of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation". Developmental Cell. 10 (5): 575–85. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.010. PMID 16580887.
Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y (May 2006). "Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin". Nature. 441 (7089): 46–52. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...46K. doi:10.1038/nature04663. PMID 16541025. S2CID 4425074.
McGuinness BE, Hirota T, Kudo NR, Peters JM, Nasmyth K (Mar 2005). "Shugoshin prevents dissociation of cohesin from centromeres during mitosis in vertebrate cells". PLOS Biology. 3 (3): e86. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030086. PMC 1054882. PMID 15737064.
Kitajima TS, Hauf S, Ohsugi M, Yamamoto T, Watanabe Y (Feb 2005). "Human Bub1 defines the persistent cohesion site along the mitotic chromosome by affecting Shugoshin localization". Current Biology. 15 (4): 353–9. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.044. PMID 15723797. S2CID 18249910.
Tang Z, Sun Y, Harley SE, Zou H, Yu H (Dec 2004). "Human Bub1 protects centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion through Shugoshin during mitosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (52): 18012–7. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10118012T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408600102. PMC 539817. PMID 15604152.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129810 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023940 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[UniProt-5] "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 6 November 2022.

[pmid12747765-6] Scanlan MJ, Gout I, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Stockert E, Gure AO, Jäger D, Chen YT, Mackay A, O'Hare MJ, Old LJ (Mar 2001). "Humoral immunity to human breast cancer: antigen definition and quantitative analysis of mRNA expression". Cancer Immunity. 1: 4. PMID 12747765.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: SGOL1 shugoshin-like 1 (S. pombe)".

[8] Nasmyth K, Haering CH (2009). "Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms". Annual Review of Genetics. 43: 525–58. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134233. PMID 19886810.

[9] Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro K, Iemura S, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y (May 2006). "Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin". Nature. 441 (7089): 46–52. Bibcode:2006Natur.441...46K. doi:10.1038/nature04663. PMID 16541025. S2CID 4425074.

[10] Kawashima SA, Yamagishi Y, Honda T, Ishiguro K, Watanabe Y (Jan 2010). "Phosphorylation of H2A by Bub1 prevents chromosomal instability through localizing shugoshin". Science. 327 (5962): 172–7. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..172K. doi:10.1126/science.1180189. PMID 19965387. S2CID 41673818.

[11] Liu H, Jia L, Yu H (Oct 2013). "Phospho-H2A and cohesin specify distinct tension-regulated Sgo1 pools at kinetochores and inner centromeres". Current Biology. 23 (19): 1927–33. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.078. PMID 24055156.

[12] Liu H, Rankin S, Yu H (Jan 2013). "Phosphorylation-enabled binding of SGO1-PP2A to cohesin protects sororin and centromeric cohesion during mitosis". Nature Cell Biology. 15 (1): 40–9. doi:10.1038/ncb2637. PMC 3531828. PMID 23242214.

[13] Hara K, Zheng G, Qu Q, Liu H, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Tomchick DR, Yu H (Oct 2014). "Structure of cohesin subcomplex pinpoints direct shugoshin-Wapl antagonism in centromeric cohesion". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (10): 864–70. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2880. PMC 4190070. PMID 25173175.

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