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Lists of office-holders

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These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2020 in politics and government, and past leaders on state leaders by year and colonial governors by century.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations

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See also: International organization leaders by year

Heads of state or government

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See also: List of current heads of state and government and Lists of state leaders by century

Africa

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Eastern Africa

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Horn of Africa

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Middle Africa

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Northern Africa

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Southern Africa

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Western Africa

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Americas

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Caribbean

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Central America

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North America

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South America

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Asia

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Central Asia

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Eastern Asia

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Southeastern Asia

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South Asia

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Western Asia

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Europe

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Eastern Europe

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Northern Europe

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Central Europe

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Southern Europe

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Western Europe

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Oceania

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Australasia

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Melanesia

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Micronesia

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Polynesia

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Religious leaders

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Main article: List of 21st-century religious leaders

Christianity

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Catholic Church

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Anglican Communion

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Other denominations

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Judaism

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Islam

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Hinduism

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Buddhism

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Other lists

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Ministers by portfolio

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Municipal leaders

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For a more comprehensive list, see Lists of mayors by country.
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