The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people".[1]
Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911,[a] under the Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu). From 1911 to 1924, during the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the head of state of Mongolia was nominally the Bogd Khan. During 1924 to 1992, during the Mongolian People's Republic, the official title of the head of state underwent several changes, including Chairman of the State Great Khural, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Khural, and finally, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural.
Heads of state of Mongolia (1911–present) edit
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) edit | ||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Religious title | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reign start | Reign end | Duration | ||||
| Khagan of Mongolia | ||||||
| 1 | Bogd Khan (1869–1924) | 29 December 1911 | 20 May 1924 † | 12 years, 143 days | The 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu | |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | ||
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Acting Head of State | ||||||
| – | Balingiin Tserendorj (1868–1928) Acting | 20 May 1924 | 28 November 1924 | 192 days | MPP | |
Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992) edit | ||||||
| Chairman of the State Great Khural | ||||||
| 2 | Navaandorjiin Jadambaa (1900–1939) | 28 November 1924 | 29 November 1924 | 1 day | MPP | |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural | ||||||
| 3 | Peljidiin Genden (1892–1937) | 29 November 1924 | 15 November 1927 | 2 years, 351 days | MPP | |
| 4 | Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren (1898–1938) | 16 November 1927 | 23 January 1929 | 1 year, 68 days | MPP | |
| 5 | Khorloogiin Choibalsan (1895–1952) | 24 January 1929 | 27 April 1930 | 1 year, 93 days | MPP | |
| 6 | Losolyn Laagan (1887–1940) | 27 April 1930 | 2 July 1932 | 2 years, 66 days | MPP | |
| 7 | Anandyn Amar (1886–1941) | 2 July 1932 | 22 March 1936 | 3 years, 264 days | MPP | |
| 8 | Dansranbilegiin Dogsom (1884–1941) | 22 March 1936 | 9 July 1939 | 3 years, 109 days | MPP | |
| Vacant (9 July 1939 – 6 July 1940) | ||||||
| 9 | Gonchigiin Bumtsend (1881–1953) | 6 July 1940 | 6 July 1951 | 11 years, 362 days | MPP | |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Khural | ||||||
| (9) | Gonchigiin Bumtsend (1881–1953) | 6 July 1951 | 23 September 1953 † | 2 years, 79 days | MPP | |
| – | Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa (1893–1963) Acting | 23 September 1953 | 7 July 1954 | 287 days | MPP | |
| 10 | Jamsrangiin Sambuu (1895–1972) | 7 July 1954 | 7 July 1960 | 6 years | MPP | |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural | ||||||
| (10) | Jamsrangiin Sambuu (1895–1972) | 7 July 1960 | 21 May 1972 † | 11 years, 319 days | MPP | |
| – | Tsagaanlamyn Dügersüren (1914–1986) Acting | 21 May 1972 | 29 June 1972 | 39 days | MPP | |
| – | Sonomyn Luvsan (1912–1986) Acting | 29 June 1972 | 11 June 1974 | 1 year, 317 days | MPP | |
| 11 | Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal (1916–1991) | 11 June 1974 | 23 August 1984 | 10 years, 73 days | MPP | |
| – | Nyamyn Jagvaral (1919–1987) Acting | 23 August 1984 | 12 December 1984 | 111 days | MPP | |
| 12 | Jambyn Batmönkh (1926–1997) | 12 December 1984 | 21 March 1990 | 5 years, 99 days | MPP | |
| 13 | Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat (born 1942) | 21 March 1990 | 3 September 1990 | 166 days | MPP | |
| President of the Mongolian People's Republic | ||||||
| (13) | Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat (born 1942) | 3 September 1990 | 12 February 1992 | 1 year, 162 days | MPP | |
Mongolia (1992–present) edit | ||||||
| President | ||||||
| (13) | Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat (born 1942) | 12 February 1992 | 20 June 1997 | 5 years, 128 days | MPP MSDP | |
| 14 | Natsagiin Bagabandi (born 1950) | 20 June 1997 | 24 June 2005 | 8 years, 4 days | MPP | |
| 15 | Nambaryn Enkhbayar (born 1958) | 24 June 2005 | 18 June 2009 | 3 years, 359 days | MPP | |
| 16 | Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (born 1963) | 18 June 2009 | 10 July 2017 | 8 years, 22 days | Democratic | |
| 17 | Khaltmaagiin Battulga (born 1963) | 10 July 2017 | 25 June 2021 | 3 years, 350 days | Democratic | |
| 18 | Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (born 1968) | 25 June 2021 | Incumbent | 2 years, 319 days | MPP | |
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Timeline edit
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Outer Mongolia was de jure part of the Republic of China until 5 January 1946, when the ROC officially recognized its de facto independence (following the referendum held on 20 October 1945).