Wikipedia

List of heads of state and government who died in office

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office. In general, hereditary office holders (kings, queens, emperors, emirs, and the like) and holders of offices where the normal term limit is life (popes, presidents for life, etc.) are excluded because, until recently, their death in office was the norm.

Such deaths have most often been from natural causes, but there are also cases of assassination, execution, suicide, accident and even death in battle.

The list is in chronological order. The name is listed first, followed by the year of death, the country, the name of the office the person held at the time of death, the location of the death (where known) and the cause of death.

Prior to 1850 edit

Name Year Country Title Place of death Cause of death
Spencer Compton 1743   Great Britain Prime Minister Westminster   Kingdom of Great Britain Illness[1]
Henry Pelham 1754   Great Britain Prime Minister Westminster   Kingdom of Great Britain Illness – skin infection[2]
Charles Watson-Wentworth 1782   Great Britain Prime Minister Wimbledon   Kingdom of Great Britain Illness – influenza[3]
William Pitt the Younger 1806   United Kingdom Prime Minister Putney   United Kingdom Illness – peptic ulceration[4]
Mateo de Toro Zambrano 1811   Chile President of the Government Junta Santiago   Chile
Spencer Perceval 1812   United Kingdom Prime Minister Westminster   United Kingdom Assassination – shooting[5]
George Canning 1827   United Kingdom Prime Minister Chiswick   United Kingdom Illness – pneumonia[6]
Pedro Blanco Soto 1829   Bolivia Provisional President La Plata   Bolivia Assassination[7]
José Tomás Ovalle 1831   Chile Acting President Santiago   Chile Illness – tuberculosis
Ioannis Kapodistrias 1831   Greece Governor Nafplion   Greece Assassination – shooting and stabbing[8]
Manuel González Salmón 1832   Spain Prime Minister Madrid   Spain Illness[9]
Casimir Pierre Périer 1832   France Prime Minister Paris   France Illness – cholera[10]
Miguel Barragán 1836   Mexico President Mexico City   Mexico Illness – typhus[11]
José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia 1840   Paraguay Supreme Dictator Asunción   Paraguay Illness[12]
William Henry Harrison 1841   United States President Washington, D.C.   United States Illness – pneumonia or enteric fever[13]
Agustín Gamarra 1841   Peru President Ingavi   Peru Killed in action[14]
Philippe Guerrier 1845   Haiti President Saint-Marc   Haiti Illness[15]
Mathabarsingh Thapa 1845   Nepal Prime Minister Kathmandu   Kingdom of Nepal Assassination – shooting
Fateh Jung Shah 1846   Nepal Prime Minister Kathmandu   Kingdom of Nepal Assassination
Jean-Baptiste Riché 1847   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Illness or poisoning[16]

1850–1899 edit

Name Year Country Title Place of death Cause of death
Zachary Taylor 1850   United States President Washington, D.C.   United States Illness – cholera or gastroenteritis[17]
Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg 1852   Austria Minister-President Vienna   Austrian Empire Stroke[18]
Avram Petronijević 1852   Serbia Representative of the Prince Constantinople[19]   Ottoman Empire
Josef Munzinger 1855    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland
Henri Druey 1855    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Stroke[20]
Stefano Franscini 1857    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern[21]    Switzerland
Mustafa Reşid Pasha 1858   Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Constantinople   Ottoman Empire Myocardial infarction[22]
Carl Edvard Rotwitt 1860   Denmark Prime Minister Copenhagen   Denmark
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour 1861   Italy Prime Minister Turin   Kingdom of Italy Illness – malaria[23]
Jonas Furrer 1861    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bad Ragaz    Switzerland Illness – kidney disease[24]
José Santos Guardiola 1862   Honduras President Comayagua   Honduras Assassination – shooting[25]
Barbu Catargiu 1862   Romanian United Principalities Prime Minister Bucharest   Romanian United Principalities Assassination – shooting[26]
Carlos Antonio López 1862   Paraguay President Asunción   Paraguay Illness – gout and other diseases
José Antonio Salcedo 1864   Dominican Republic President Maimón   Dominican Republic Assassination – shooting[27]
Rafael Carrera 1865   Guatemala President Guatemala City   Guatemala Illness – dysentery[28]
Abraham Lincoln 1865   United States President Washington, D.C.   United States Assassination – shooting
Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston 1865   United Kingdom Prime Minister Hertfordshire   United Kingdom Illness – fever[29]
Marcos Paz 1868   Argentina Interim President Buenos Aires   Argentina Illness – cholera
Ramón María Narváez 1868   Spain Prime Minister Madrid   Spain Illness
Victor Ruffy 1869    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland
Francisco Solano López 1870   Paraguay President Cerro Corá   Paraguay Killed in action
Juan Prim 1870   Spain Prime Minister Madrid   Spain Assassination[30]
Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha 1871   Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Constantinople   Ottoman Empire Illness – tuberculosis[31]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 1872   Netherlands Prime Minister The Hague   Netherlands Illness – cold[32]
Benito Juárez 1872   Mexico President Mexico City   Mexico Myocardial infarction[33]
Tomás Gutiérrez 1872   Peru Supreme Leader of the Republic Lima   Peru Assassination
Milivoje Blaznavac 1873   Serbia President of the Ministry Belgrade   Serbia Myocardial infarction[34]
Adolfo Ballivián 1874   Bolivia President La Paz   Bolivia Illness – stomach cancer[35]
Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt 1874   Belgium Prime Minister Heusden   Belgium
Gabriel García Moreno 1875   Ecuador President Quito   Ecuador Assassination – shooting and stabbing[36]
Ahmed Esad Pasha 1875   Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier İzmir   Ottoman Empire Assassination – poisoning
Juan Bautista Gill 1877   Paraguay President Villarrica   Paraguay Assassination – shooting
Konstantinos Kanaris 1877   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Myocardial infarction and hemiplegia[37]
Francisco Linares Alcántara 1878   Venezuela President La Guaira   Venezuela Illness – bronchial disorder[38]
Johann Jakob Scherer 1878    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Illness – appendicitis[39]
Cándido Bareiro 1880   Paraguay President Asunción   Paraguay Stroke
James A. Garfield 1881   United States President Elberon   United States Assassination – shooting and medical ineptitude
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez 1882   Costa Rica President Alajuela   Costa Rica Illness – tuberculosis
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno 1885   Costa Rica President Atenas   Costa Rica
Justo Rufino Barrios 1885   Guatemala President Chalchuapa   El Salvador Killed in battle
Ranodip Singh Kunwar 1885   Nepal Prime Minister Kathmandu   Nepal Assassination
Francisco Javier Zaldúa 1885   Colombia President Bogotá   Colombia
Agostino Depretis 1887   Italy Prime Minister Stradella   Italy Illness – gout[40]
Wilhelm Hertenstein 1888    Switzerland President of the Confederation Bern    Switzerland Illness and complications after surgery[41]
John A. Macdonald 1891   Canada Prime Minister Ottawa   Canada Stroke[42]
John Ballance 1893   New Zealand Prime Minister Wellington   New Zealand Intestinal disease and complications after surgery
Louis Ruchonnet 1893    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Myocardial infarction[43]
Lazar Dokić 1893   Serbia President of the Ministry Opatija   Austria-Hungary
Remigio Morales Bermúdez 1894   Peru President Lima   Peru Illness – appendicitis
Marie François Sadi Carnot 1894   France President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Lyon   France Assassination – stabbing[44]
Rafael Núñez 1894   Colombia President Bogotá   Colombia Stroke[45]
John Sparrow David Thompson 1894   Canada Prime Minister Berkshire   United Kingdom Myocardial infarction
Karl Schenk 1895    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Accident – struck by carriage[46]
Florvil Hyppolite 1896   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Stroke[47]
Joseph James Cheeseman 1896   Liberia President Monrovia   Liberia
Friedrich Stellwag von Carion 1896   Liechtenstein State Administrator Vienna   Austria-Hungary
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 1897   Spain Prime Minister Mondragón   Spain Assassination – shooting[48]
Juan Idiarte Borda 1897   Uruguay President Montevideo   Uruguay Assassination – shooting[49]
José María Reina Barrios 1898   Guatemala President Guatemala City   Guatemala Assassination – shooting[50]
Félix Faure 1899   France President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Paris   France Myocardial infarction[51]
Ulises Heureaux 1899   Dominican Republic President Moca   Dominican Republic Assassination

1900–1949 edit

Name Year Country Title Place of death Cause of death
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren 1901   Chile President Valparaíso   Chile Illness – cerebral thrombosis[52]
William McKinley 1901   United States President Buffalo   United States Assassination – shooting
Halil Rifat Pasha 1901   Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Constantinople   Ottoman Empire
Ramon Riu i Cabanes 1901   Andorra Co-Prince La Seu d'Urgell   Spain
Walter Hauser 1902    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Stroke[53]
Dimitrije Cincar-Marković 1903   Serbia President of the Ministry Belgrade   Serbia Assassination
Manuel Candamo 1904   Peru President Arequipa   Peru Heart attack[54]
Theodoros Diligiannis 1905   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Assassination – stabbing[55]
Manuel Quintana 1906   Argentina President Buenos Aires   Argentina Illness – pneumonia[56]
Richard Seddon 1906   New Zealand Prime Minister At sea Heart attack[57]
Dimitar Petkov 1907   Bulgaria Prime Minister Sofia   Bulgaria Assassination – shooting[58]
Ali-Asghar Atabak 1907   Iran Prime Minister Tehran   Iran Assassination – shooting[59]
Jules de Trooz 1907   Belgium Cabinet Chief Brussels   Belgium
Afonso Pena 1909   Brazil President Rio de Janeiro   Brazil Illness – pneumonia[60]
José Domingo de Obaldía 1910   Panama President Panama City   Panama
Boutros Ghali 1910   Egypt Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Assassination – shooting[61]
Pedro Montt 1910   Chile President Bremen   German Empire Stroke[62]
Elías Fernández Albano 1910   Chile Acting President Santiago   Chile Illness – cold[63]
Ernst Brenner 1911    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Menton   France Stroke[64]
Pyotr Stolypin 1911   Russian Empire Prime Minister Kiev   Russian Empire Assassination – shooting[65]
Ramón Cáceres 1911   Dominican Republic President Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic Assassination – shooting[66]
Emilio Estrada Carmona 1911   Ecuador President Guayaquil   Ecuador Heart attack
Adolf Deucher 1912    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Illness[67]
Cincinnatus Leconte 1912   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Accident – explosion[68]
José Canalejas 1912   Spain Prime Minister Madrid   Spain Assassination – shooting[69]
Manuel Enrique Araujo 1913   El Salvador President San Salvador   El Salvador Assassination – shooting and stabbing[70]
Tancrède Auguste 1913   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Illness – anemia[71]
Mahmud Shevket Pasha 1913   Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier Istanbul   Ottoman Empire Assassination – shooting[72]
Carl von In der Maur 1913   Liechtenstein State Administrator Vaduz   Liechtenstein Stroke
Roque Sáenz Peña 1914   Argentina President Buenos Aires   Argentina Illness
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam 1915   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Assassination – beating[73]
Paul Eyschen 1915   Luxembourg Prime Minister Luxembourg   Luxembourg Illness – heart and kidney disease
Yuan Shikai 1916   China President Beijing   China Illness – uraemia[74]
Karl von Stürgkh 1916   Austria-Hungary Minister-President of Cisleithania Vienna   Austria-Hungary Assassination
Sidónio Pais 1918   Portugal President Lisbon   Portugal Assassination – shooting
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves 1919   Brazil President-elect Rio de Janeiro   Brazil Illness – Spanish flu
Yakov Sverdlov 1919   Russian SFSR Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Moscow   Russian SFSR Illness – Spanish flu or typhus[75]
Manuel Franco 1919   Paraguay President Asunción   Paraguay Heart attack
Louis Botha 1919   South Africa Prime Minister Pretoria   South Africa Illness – Spanish flu[76]
Eduard Müller 1919    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland
Alexander Kolchak 1920   Russian State Supreme Ruler Irkutsk   Russian State Execution – shooting
Venustiano Carranza 1920   Mexico President Tlaxcalantongo   Mexico Assassination – shooting
António Maria Baptista 1920   Portugal Prime Minister Lisbon   Portugal Stroke
António Granjo 1921   Portugal Prime Minister Lisbon   Portugal Assassination – shooting
Hara Takashi 1921   Japan Prime Minister Tokyo   Japan Assassination – stabbing
Arthur Griffith 1922   Ireland President of Dáil Éireann Dublin   Ireland Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
Michael Collins 1922   Ireland Chairman of the Provisional Government Béal na Bláth   Ireland Assassination – shooting
Gabriel Narutowicz 1922   Poland President Warsaw   Poland Assassination – shooting[77]
Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar 1923   Mongolia Prime Minister Niislel Khüree   China
Warren G. Harding 1923   United States President San Francisco   United States Heart attack
Vladimir Lenin 1924   Soviet Union Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Gorki   Soviet Union Stroke
Rafael López Gutiérrez 1924   Honduras President Amapala   Honduras Illness – diabetes
Friedrich Ebert 1925   Germany President Berlin   Germany Illness – septic shock[78]
Sun Yat-sen 1925   China Generalissimo of the National Government Beijing   China Illness – gall bladder cancer
William Ferguson Massey 1925   New Zealand Prime Minister Wellington   New Zealand Illness – cancer
Count Katō Takaaki 1926   Japan Prime Minister Tokyo   Japan Illness – pneumonia
Jón Magnússon 1926   Iceland Prime Minister Neskaupstaður   Iceland
José María Orellana 1926   Guatemala President Antigua Guatemala   Guatemala Heart attack[79]
Jānis Čakste 1927   Latvia President Riga   Latvia
Charles Coghlan 1927   Southern Rhodesia Premier Salisbury   Southern Rhodesia Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
Balingiin Tserendorj 1928   Mongolia Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Ulaanbaatar   Mongolia Illness
Zhang Zuolin 1928   China Generalissimo of the Military Government Shenyang   China Assassination - bombing
Peder Kolstad 1932   Norway Prime Minister Oslo   Norway Blood clot[80]
Paul Doumer 1932   France President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Paris   France Assassination – shooting
Inukai Tsuyoshi 1932   Japan Prime Minister Tokyo   Japan Assassination – shooting
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro 1933   Peru President Lima   Peru Assassination – shooting
Ion G. Duca 1933   Romania Prime Minister Prahova   Romania Assassination – shooting
Engelbert Dollfuss 1934   Austria Chancellor Vienna   Austria Assassination – shooting
Paul von Hindenburg 1934   Germany President Neudeck   Germany Illness – lung cancer
Józef Piłsudski 1935   Poland Minister of Military Affairs Warsaw   Poland Illness – liver cancer[81]
Juan Vicente Gómez 1935   Venezuela President Maracay   Venezuela Illness – prostate cancer
Konstantinos Demertzis 1936   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Heart attack
Gyula Gömbös 1936   Hungary Prime Minister Munich   Nazi Germany Illness – testicular cancer
Panas Lyubchenko 1937   Ukrainian SSR Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Moscow   Soviet Union Suicide
Kemal Atatürk 1938   Turkey President Istanbul   Turkey Illness – liver cirrhosis
Patriarch Miron 1939   Romania Prime Minister Cannes   France Illness – pneumonia
Joseph Lyons 1939   Australia Prime Minister Sydney   Australia Heart attack
Germán Busch 1939   Bolivia President La Paz   Bolivia Suicide
Armand Călinescu 1939   Romania Prime Minister Bucharest   Romania Assassination – shooting
Aurelio Mosquera 1939   Ecuador President Quito   Ecuador Suicide
Giuseppe Motta 1940    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland Stroke
Justí Guitart i Vilardebó 1940   Andorra Co-Prince Barcelona   Spain
Lord Tweedsmuir 1940   Canada Governor-General Montreal   Canada Head injury following stroke
Jacinto Peynado 1940   Dominican Republic President Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic
Michael Joseph Savage 1940   New Zealand Prime Minister Wellington   New Zealand Illness – colon cancer
José Félix Estigarribia 1940   Paraguay President Altos   Paraguay Accident – plane crashed on ground
Hassan Sabry Pasha 1940   Egypt Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Illness – heart failure; occurred while giving a speech in Parliament
Kyösti Kallio 1940   Finland President Helsinki   Finland Heart attack
Ioannis Metaxas 1941   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Illness – toxaemia
Pál Teleki 1941   Hungary Prime Minister Budapest   Hungary Suicide
Alexandros Koryzis 1941   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Suicide
Johannes Lauristin 1941   Estonian SSR Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Tallinn   Soviet Union Disputed
Pedro Aguirre Cerda 1941   Chile President Santiago   Chile Illness – tuberculosis
José Abad Santos 1942   Philippines Interim President Malabang   Empire of Japan Execution – shooting
Thorvald Stauning 1942   Denmark Prime Minister Copenhagen   Denmark Illness[82]
Taj al-Din al-Hasani 1943   Syria President Damascus   Syria Heart attack
Władysław Sikorski 1943   Poland Prime Minister Gibraltar   Gibraltar Accident – plane crash
Lin Sen 1943   China Chairman of the National Government Chongqing   China Stroke
Manuel L. Quezon 1944   Philippines President Saranac Lake   United States Illness – tuberculosis
Wang Jingwei 1944   Republic of China Chairman of the National Government (at Nanjing) Nagoya   Japan Complications from gunshot wound
Ahmad Mahir Pasha 1945   Egypt Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Assassination – shooting
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1945   United States President Warm Springs   United States Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
Benito Mussolini 1945   Italy Duce Giulino   Italian Social Republic Execution by firing squad
John Curtin 1945   Australia Prime Minister Canberra   Australia Heart attack
Adolf Hitler 1945   Germany Führer Berlin   Nazi Germany Suicide
Joseph Goebbels 1945   Germany Chancellor Berlin   Nazi Germany Suicide
Juan Antonio Ríos 1946   Chile President Santiago   Chile Illness – cancer
Gualberto Villarroel 1946   Bolivia President La Paz   Bolivia Assassination – shooting
Per Albin Hansson 1946   Sweden Prime Minister Stockholm   Sweden Heart attack
Nguyen Van Thinh 1946   Cochinchina President of the Provisional Government Saigon   Cochinchina Suicide
Johannes Vares 1946   Estonian SSR Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Tallinn   Soviet Union Suicide
Aung San 1947   Burma Premier Yangon   Burma Assassination
Tomás Berreta 1947   Uruguay President Montevideo   Uruguay Illness – prostate cancer
Manuel Roxas 1948   Philippines President Clark Air Base   Philippines Heart attack
Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1948   Pakistan Governor-General Karachi   Pakistan Illness – tuberculosis
Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha 1948   Egypt Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Assassination – shooting
Mir Bashir Gasimov 1949   Azerbaijan SSR Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Baku   Soviet Union
Themistoklis Sofoulis 1949   Greece Prime Minister Kifissia   Greece Illness
Georgi Dimitrov 1949   Bulgaria Chairman of the Council of Ministers Barvikha   Soviet Union Illness
Husni al-Za'im 1949   Syria President Damascus   Syria Execution by firing squad
Muhsin al-Barazi 1949   Syria Prime Minister Damascus   Syria Execution by firing squad
Domingo Díaz Arosemena 1949   Panama President Panama City   Panama Heart attack
Ehmetjan Qasim 1949   East Turkestan Republic President Kabansk   Soviet Union Accident – plane crash

1950–1999 edit

Name Year Country Title Place of death Cause of death
Vasil Kolarov 1950   Bulgaria Prime Minister Sofia   Bulgaria Illness[83]
Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes 1950   Nicaragua President Philadelphia   United States Heart attack
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud 1950   Venezuela President Caracas   Venezuela Assassination
Enrico Mizzi 1950   Malta Prime Minister Valletta   Malta
Karl Renner 1950   Austria President Vienna   Austria Stroke
Rangsit Prayurasakdi 1951   Thailand Regent Bangkok   Thailand Heart attack
Óscar Carmona 1951   Portugal President Lisbon   Portugal Illness – bronchopneumonia
Haj Ali Razmara 1951   Iran Prime Minister Tehran   Iran Assassination – shooting
Liaquat Ali Khan 1951   Pakistan Prime Minister Rawalpindi   Pakistan Assassination – shooting
Sveinn Björnsson 1952   Iceland President Reykjavík   Iceland Illness
Khorloogiin Choibalsan 1952   Mongolia Chairman of the Council of Ministers Moscow   Soviet Union Illness – kidney cancer
D. S. Senanayake 1952   Ceylon Prime Minister Colombo   Ceylon Accident – fell off horse
Chaim Weizmann 1952   Israel President Rehovot   Israel Illness
Adriaan Alberga 1952   Surinam Prime Minister Paramaribo   Surinam
Joseph Stalin 1953   Soviet Union Chairman of the Council of Ministers Moscow   Soviet Union Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
Klement Gottwald 1953   Czechoslovakia President Prague   Czechoslovakia Heart attack
Gonchigiin Bumtsend 1953   Mongolia Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural Ulaanbaatar   Mongolia
Pierre Dupong 1953   Luxembourg Prime Minister Luxembourg   Luxembourg Stroke[84]
Getúlio Vargas 1954   Brazil President Rio de Janeiro   Brazil Suicide
José Antonio Remón Cantera 1955   Panama President Panama City   Panama Assassination – shooting
Hans Hedtoft 1955   Denmark Prime Minister Stockholm   Sweden Heart attack
Alexandros Papagos 1955   Greece Prime Minister Athens   Greece Illness – lung haemorrhage
Bolesław Bierut 1956   Poland General Secretary of the United Workers' Party Moscow   Soviet Union Heart attack[85]
Anastasio Somoza García 1956   Nicaragua President Ancón   Panama Assassination – shooting
Theodor Körner 1957   Austria President Vienna   Austria Stroke
Ramón Magsaysay 1957   Philippines President Balamban   Philippines Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Carlos Castillo Armas 1957   Guatemala President Guatemala City   Guatemala Assassination – shooting
Antonín Zápotocký 1957   Czechoslovakia President Prague   Czechoslovakia Heart attack[86]
Petru Groza 1958   Romania President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly Bucharest   Romania Illness – stomach complications
Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom 1958   South Africa Prime Minister Cape Town   South Africa Illness – cancer
Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly 1958   Upper Volta President of the Government Council Paris   France
Markus Feldmann 1958    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Bern    Switzerland
Georgi Damyanov 1958   Bulgaria Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Sofia   Bulgaria
Pierre Frieden 1959   Luxembourg Prime Minister Zürich    Switzerland
Barthélemy Boganda 1959   Central African Republic Prime Minister Boda   Central African Republic Accident – plane exploded and crashed on ground
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 1959   Ceylon Prime Minister Colombo   Ceylon Assassination – shooting
Ernest George Jansen 1959   South Africa Governor-General Pretoria   South Africa Illness – leukemia
H. C. Hansen 1960   Denmark Prime Minister Copenhagen   Denmark Illness – cancer
Hazza' al-Majali 1960   Jordan Prime Minister Amman   Jordan Assassination – bombing
Wilhelm Pieck 1960   East Germany President Berlin   East Germany Stroke
Abebe Aregai 1960   Ethiopia Prime Minister Addis Ababa   Ethiopia Assassination – shooting
William Morrison 1961   Australia Governor-General Canberra   Australia Illness – pulmonary embolism
Rafael Trujillo 1961   Dominican Republic Generalissimo Ciudad Trujillo   Dominican Republic Assassination – shooting
Nicola Canali 1961   Vatican City/Holy See President of the Governorate & President of the Pontifical Commission   Vatican City/Holy See Illness – pneumonia
Louis Rwagasore 1961   Burundi Prime Minister Bujumbura   Burundi Assassination – shooting
Saftar Jafarov 1961   Azerbaijan SSR Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Baku   Soviet Union Illness – cardiovascular disease
Sylvanus Olympio 1963   Togo President Lomé   Togo Assassination – shooting
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1963   Israel President Jerusalem   Israel Illness – cancer[87]
Ngo Dinh Diem 1963   South Vietnam President Saigon   South Vietnam Assassination – shooting
John F. Kennedy 1963   United States President Dallas   United States Assassination – shooting
Sarit Thanarat 1963   Thailand Prime Minister Bangkok   Thailand Illness – liver failure
Jigme Palden Dorji 1964   Bhutan Prime Minister Phuntsholing   Bhutan Assassination – shooting
Dimitar Ganev 1964   Bulgaria Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Sofia   Bulgaria
Milton Margai 1964   Sierra Leone Prime Minister Freetown   Sierra Leone
Jawaharlal Nehru 1964   India Prime Minister New Delhi   India Stroke
Aleksander Zawadzki 1964   Poland Chairman of the Council of State Warsaw   Poland Illness – cancer
Otto Grotewohl 1964   East Germany Chairman of the Council of Ministers Berlin   East Germany Illness – brain haemorrhage
Slobodan Penezić 1964   SR Serbia President of the Executive Council Šopić   Yugoslavia Accident – car crash
Pierre Ngendandumwe 1965   Burundi Prime Minister Bujumbura   Burundi Assassination – shooting
Hassan Ali Mansur 1965   Iran Prime Minister Tehran   Iran Assassination – shooting
Luis Giannattasio 1965   Uruguay President London   United Kingdom
Adolf Schärf 1965   Austria President Vienna   Austria Illness – liver failure
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1965   Romania President of the State Council Bucharest   Romania Illness – lung cancer
Hasan Brkić 1965   SR Bosnia and Herzegovina President of the Executive Council Sarajevo   Yugoslavia
Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966   India Prime Minister Tashkent   Soviet Union Disputed, officially ruled to be a heart attack, but suspected to be poisoned
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa 1966   Nigeria Prime Minister Lagos   Nigeria Assassination – shooting
Chris Soumokil 1966   South Maluku President Ubi Island   Indonesia Execution by firing squad
Abdul Salam Arif 1966   Iraq President Al Nashwa   Iraq Accident – plane crashed on ground
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi 1966   Nigeria Head of State Lagelu   Nigeria Assassination – shooting
René Schick 1966   Nicaragua President Managua   Nicaragua Heart attack
Hendrik Verwoerd 1966   South Africa Prime Minister Cape Town   South Africa Assassination – stabbing
Georges Vanier 1967   Canada Governor General Ottawa   Canada Illness
Donald Burns Sangster 1967   Jamaica Prime Minister Montreal   Canada Illness – subarachnoid haemorrhage
Léon M'ba 1967   Gabon President Paris   France Illness – cancer
Óscar Diego Gestido 1967   Uruguay President Montevideo   Uruguay Heart attack
Harold Holt 1967   Australia Prime Minister Cheviot Beach   Australia Disappeared. Subsequently, ruled as accidental drowning (body never recovered).
Peter Mohr Dam 1968   Faroe Islands Prime Minister Tórshavn   Faroe Islands
Levi Eshkol 1969   Israel Prime Minister Jerusalem   Israel Illness
René Barrientos 1969   Bolivia President Arque   Bolivia Accident – helicopter crashed on ground
Zakir Husain 1969   India President New Delhi   India Heart attack
Ho Chi Minh 1969   North Vietnam Chairman of the Workers' Party and President Hanoi   North Vietnam Heart attack
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 1969   Somalia President Las Anod   Somaliland/  Somalia Assassination – shooting
David Rose 1969   Guyana Governor-General London   United Kingdom Accident
Artur da Costa e Silva 1969   Brazil President Rio de Janeiro   Brazil Stroke
Saïd Mohamed Cheikh 1970   Comoros President of the Government Council Antananarivo   Madagascar Heart attack
Bjarni Benediktsson 1970   Iceland Prime Minister Þingvellir   Iceland Accident – fire
Gamal Abdel Nasser 1970   Egypt President and Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Heart attack
Yusof bin Ishak 1970   Singapore President   Singapore Heart attack
François Duvalier 1971   Haiti President for life Port-au-Prince   Haiti Heart disease and diabetes
William Tubman 1971   Liberia President London   United Kingdom
Wasfi al-Tal 1971   Jordan Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Assassination – shooting
Jamsrangiin Sambuu 1972   Mongolia Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural Ulaanbaatar   Mongolia Illness – cancer
Leonard Williams 1972   Mauritius Governor-General Port Louis   Mauritius
Richard Sharples 1973   Bermuda Governor Hamilton   Bermuda Assassination – shooting
Walter Ulbricht 1973   East Germany Chairman of the State Council Templin   East Germany Stroke
Salvador Allende 1973   Chile President Santiago   Chile Suicide
Luis Carrero Blanco 1973   Spain Prime Minister Madrid   Spain Assassination – bombing
Franz Jonas 1974   Austria President Vienna   Austria Illness – cancer
Georges Pompidou 1974   France President (also Co-Prince of Andorra) Paris   France Illness – macroglobulinemia
Juan Perón 1974   Argentina President Buenos Aires   Argentina Heart attack
Norman Eric Kirk 1974   New Zealand Prime Minister Wellington   New Zealand Illness – pulmonary embolism
Erskine Childers 1974   Ireland President Dublin   Ireland Heart attack
Richard Ratsimandrava 1975   Madagascar President Antananarivo   Madagascar Assassination – shooting
Chiang Kai-shek 1975   Republic of China President Taipei   Republic of China Heart attack
François Tombalbaye 1975   Chad President and Prime Minister N'Djamena   Chad Assassination – shooting
Long Boret 1975   Khmer Republic Prime Minister Phnom Penh   Khmer Republic Execution by firing squad
Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II 1975   Western Samoa Prime Minister Apia   Western Samoa
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1975   Bangladesh Prime Minister Dhaka   Bangladesh Assassination – shooting
Francisco Franco 1975   Spain Head of State (dictator) Madrid   Spain Illness – heart failure
Zhou Enlai 1976   China Premier Beijing   China Illness – cancer
Abdul Razak Hussein 1976   Malaysia Prime Minister London   United Kingdom Illness
Murtala Mohammed 1976   Nigeria Head of the Federal Military Government Lagos   Nigeria Assassination – shooting
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed 1976   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic President Inchiri   Mauritania Died in combat
Zhu De 1976   China Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Beijing   China
Joël Rakotomalala 1976   Madagascar Prime Minister Antsirabe   Madagascar Accident – helicopter crashed on ground
Arleigh Winston Scott 1976   Barbados Governor-General St. Michael   Barbados
Mao Zedong 1976   China Chairman of the Central Committee Beijing   China Heart attack
Džemal Bijedić 1977   Yugoslavia President of the Federal Executive Council Kreševo   Yugoslavia Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Tafari Benti 1977   Ethiopia Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council Addis Ababa   Ethiopia Execution by firing squad
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977   India President New Delhi   India Heart attack
Marien Ngouabi 1977   Congo-Brazzaville President Brazzaville   Republic of the Congo Assassination
Makarios III 1977   Cyprus President Nicosia   Cyprus Heart attack
Ibrahim al-Hamdi 1977   North Yemen President Sana'a   North Yemen Assassination – shooting
Mohammed Daoud Khan 1978   Afghanistan President Kabul   Afghanistan Assassination – shooting
Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw 1978   Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Premier Basseterre   Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Illness – prostate cancer
Ahmad al-Ghashmi 1978   North Yemen President Sana'a   North Yemen Assassination – bombing
Salim Rubai Ali 1978   South Yemen President Aden   South Yemen Execution
Francisco Mendes 1978   Guinea Bissau Prime Minister Accident – car crashed on road
Nico Diederichs 1978   South Africa President Cape Town   South Africa Heart attack
Jomo Kenyatta 1978   Kenya President Mombasa   Kenya Heart attack
John Wrathall 1978   Rhodesia President Harare   Rhodesia Heart attack
Botha Sigcau 1978   Transkei President Umtata   South Africa Heart attack
Houari Boumediene 1978   Algeria President Algiers   Algeria Illness – macroglobulinemia
Milo Butler 1979   Bahamas Governor-General Nassau   Bahamas
Jean-Marie Villot 1979   Vatican City/Holy See Cardinal Secretary of State   Vatican City/Holy See Illness – bronchopneumonia
Mashiur Rahman 1979   Bangladesh Chief Minister Dhaka   Bangladesh
Paul Southwell 1979   Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Premier Castries   Saint Lucia Heart attack
Agostinho Neto 1979   Angola President Moscow   Soviet Union Illness – cancer and hepatitis
Nur Muhammad Taraki 1979   Afghanistan General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
and Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council		 Kabul   Afghanistan Assassination
Maphevu Dlamini 1979   Swaziland Prime Minister Mbabane   Swaziland
Park Chung Hee 1979   South Korea President Seoul   South Korea Assassination – shooting
Hafizullah Amin 1979   Afghanistan General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council
and Chairman of the Council of Ministers		 Kabul   Afghanistan Assassination
Tôn Đức Thắng 1980   Vietnam President Hanoi   Vietnam Illness – respiratory failure
William Tolbert 1980   Liberia President Monrovia   Liberia Assassination
J. A. G. S. McCartney 1980   Turks and Caicos Islands Chief Minister Vineland   United States Accident – plane crashed
Masayoshi Ōhira 1980   Japan Prime Minister Tokyo   Japan Heart attack
Seretse Khama 1980   Botswana President Gaborone   Botswana Illness – pancreatic cancer
Abdelhamid Sharaf 1980   Jordan Prime Minister Amman   Jordan Heart attack
Francisco de Sá Carneiro 1980   Portugal Prime Minister Loures   Portugal Accident – plane crash
Sultan Ibraimov 1980   Kyrgyz SSR Chairman of the Council of Ministers Cholpon-Ata   Soviet Union Assassination – shooting
Eric Williams 1981   Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Port of Spain   Trinidad and Tobago
Benjamin Henry Sheares 1981   Singapore President   Singapore Illness – lung cancer
Jaime Roldós Aguilera 1981   Ecuador President Celica   Ecuador Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Ziaur Rahman 1981   Bangladesh President Chittagong   Bangladesh Assassination – shooting
Omar Torrijos 1981   Panama Military leader (de facto) Penonomé   Panama Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Mohammad-Ali Rajai 1981   Iran President Tehran   Iran Assassination – bombing
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar 1981   Iran Prime Minister Tehran   Iran Assassination – bombing
Anwar Sadat 1981   Egypt President and Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt Assassination – shooting
Mehmet Shehu 1981   Albania Chairman of the Council of Ministers Tirana   Albania Suicide (disputed)
Antonio Guzmán Fernández 1982   Dominican Republic President Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic Suicide
Bachir Gemayel 1982   Lebanon President-elect Beirut   Lebanon Assassination – bombing
Leonid Brezhnev 1982   Soviet Union General Secretary of the Communist Party
and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet		 Zarechye   Soviet Union Heart attack
Willi Ritschard 1983    Switzerland Member of the Federal Council Grenchenberg    Switzerland Heart failure
Deighton Lisle Ward 1984   Barbados Governor-General   Barbados
Yuri Andropov 1984   Soviet Union General Secretary of the Communist Party
and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet		 Moscow   Soviet Union Illness – kidney failure
Ahmed Sékou Touré 1984   Guinea President Cleveland   United States Heart attack
Edward Sokoine 1984   Tanzania Prime Minister Morogoro   Tanzania Accident – car crashed on road
Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin 1984   Egypt Prime Minister Cairo   Egypt
Indira Gandhi 1984   India Prime Minister New Delhi   India Assassination – shooting
Chan Sy 1984   People's Republic of Kampuchea Chairman of the Council of Ministers Moscow   Soviet Union Heart attack
Konstantin Chernenko 1985   Soviet Union General Secretary of the Communist Party
and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet		 Moscow   Soviet Union Illness – heart failure, emphysema, and liver cirrhosis
Tom Adams 1985   Barbados Prime Minister Saint Michael   Barbados Heart attack
Enver Hoxha 1985   Albania First Secretary of the Party of Labour Tirana   Albania Illness
Tancredo Neves 1985   Brazil President-elect São Paulo   Brazil Illness – diverticulitis
Haruo Remeliik 1985   Palau President Koror   Palau Assassination – shooting
Forbes Burnham 1985   Guyana President Georgetown   Guyana Illness – throat infection
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam 1985   Mauritius Governor-General Port Louis   Mauritius
Olof Palme 1986   Sweden Prime Minister Stockholm   Sweden Assassination – shooting
Lê Duẩn 1986   Vietnam General Secretary of the Communist Party Hanoi   Vietnam Illness
Samora Machel 1986   Mozambique President Mbuzini   South Africa Accident – plane crashed on ground
Sir Edward Youde 1986   British Hong Kong Governor Beijing   China Heart attack
Errol Barrow 1987   Barbados Prime Minister Bridgetown   Barbados
Rashid Karami 1987   Lebanon Prime Minister Beirut   Lebanon Assassination – bombing
Cedric Phatudi 1987   KaNgwane Chief Minister Lebowakgomo   South Africa
Thomas Sankara 1987   Burkina Faso President Ouagadougou   Burkina Faso Assassination – shooting
Seyni Kountché 1987   Niger President of the Supreme Military Council Paris   France Illness – brain tumour
Chiang Ching-kuo 1988   Republic of China President Taipei   Taiwan
Phạm Hùng 1988   Vietnam Prime Minister Ho Chi Minh City   Vietnam Heart attack
Patrick Mphephu 1988   Venda President Thohoyandou   South Africa
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 1988   Pakistan President Bahawalpur   Pakistan Accident – plane crashed on ground
Lazarus Salii 1988   Palau President Koror   Palau Suicide
Ruhollah Khomeini 1989   Iran Supreme Leader Tehran   Iran Heart attack
René Moawad 1989   Lebanon President Beirut   Lebanon Assassination – bombing
Ahmed Abdallah 1989   Comoros President Moroni   Comoros Assassination – shooting
Herbert Blaize 1989   Grenada Prime Minister St George's   Grenada Illness – prostate cancer
Ignatius Kilage 1989   Papua New Guinea Governor-General Port Moresby   Papua New Guinea
Samuel Doe 1990   Liberia President Monrovia   Liberia Execution
Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum 1990   United Arab Emirates Prime Minister Dubai   UAE
Artur Mkrtchyan 1992   Artsakh Chairman of Parliament Stepanakert   Artsakh/  Azerbaijan Assassination – shooting
Nasirdin Isanov 1991   Tajikistan Prime Minister Jalal-Abad–Osh Motorway   Kyrgyzstan Accident – car crashed on road
Mohamed Boudiaf 1992   Algeria Chairman of the High Council of State Annaba   Algeria Assassination – shooting
Kaysone Phomvihane 1992   Laos President Vientiane   Laos
Robert Rex 1992   Niue Premier Alofi   Niue
Turgut Özal 1993   Turkey President Ankara   Turkey Heart attack (Suspected poisoning)
Ranasinghe Premadasa 1993   Sri Lanka President Colombo   Sri Lanka Assassination – bombing
Zhiuli Shartava 1993   Abkhazia Prime Minister Sukhumi   Abkhazia/  Georgia Assassination – shooting
Melchior Ndadaye 1993   Burundi President Bujumbura   Burundi Assassination – shooting
Félix Houphouët-Boigny 1993   Côte d'Ivoire President Yamoussoukro   Ivory Coast Illness – prostate cancer
József Antall 1993   Hungary Prime Minister Budapest   Hungary Illness – cancer
Penaia Ganilau 1993   Fiji President Washington, D.C.   United States
Agathe Uwilingiyimana 1994   Rwanda Prime Minister Kigali   Rwanda Assassination – shooting
Juvénal Habyarimana 1994   Rwanda President Kigali   Rwanda Assassination – plane shot down[88]
Cyprien Ntaryamira 1994   Burundi President
Kim Il Sung 1994   North Korea General Secretary of the Workers' Party
and President		 Hyangsan   North Korea Heart attack[89]
Hamilton Lavity Stoutt 1995   British Virgin Islands Chief Minister Tortola   British Virgin Islands
Yitzhak Rabin 1995   Israel Prime Minister Tel Aviv   Israel Assassination – shooting
Nita Barrow 1995   Barbados Governor-General Bridgetown   Barbados
Dzhokhar Dudayev 1996   Chechen Republic of Ichkeria President Chechnya   Russia Assassination – shooting
Mohamed Farrah Aidid 1996   Somalia President[a] Mogadishu   Somalia Killed in action
Amata Kabua 1996   Marshall Islands President Honolulu   United States Illness
Cheddi Jagan 1997   Guyana President Washington, D.C.   United States Heart attack
Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 1997   Afghanistan Prime Minister Bamyan   Afghanistan Accident – plane crashed on ground
Sani Abacha 1998   Nigeria Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council Abuja   Nigeria Heart attack
Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim 1998   Comoros President Moroni   Comoros
Jumabek Ibraimov 1999   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister Bishkek   Kyrgyzstan Illness – stomach cancer
Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara 1999   Niger President Niamey   Niger Assassination – shooting
Vazgen Sargsyan 1999   Armenia Prime Minister Yerevan   Armenia Assassination – shooting
Franjo Tuđman 1999   Croatia President Zagreb   Croatia Illness – cancer

2000–present edit

Name Year Country Title Place of death Cause of death
Hafez al-Assad 2000   Syria President Damascus   Syria Illness
Rosie Douglas 2000   Dominica Prime Minister Portsmouth   Dominica officially ruled a heart attack; assassination suggested by some[90][91]
Donald Dewar 2000   Scotland First Minister Edinburgh   Scotland Cerebral haemorrhage
Ionatana Ionatana 2000   Tuvalu Prime Minister Funafuti   Tuvalu Illness
Laurent-Désiré Kabila 2001   Democratic Republic of the Congo President Kinshasa   Democratic Republic of Congo Assassination – shooting
Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal 2002   Somaliland President Pretoria   South Africa Died during surgery
Sir Charles Antrobus 2002   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Governor-General Toronto   Canada Parkinson's disease
Bernard Dowiyogo 2003   Nauru President Washington, D.C.   United States Illness – complications from diabetes
Zoran Đinđić 2003   Serbia and Montenegro Prime Minister Belgrade   Serbia and Montenegro Assassination – shooting
Boris Trajkovski 2004   Macedonia President Berkovići   Bosnia and Herzegovina Accident – plane crashed into mountain
Ezzedine Salim 2004   Iraq President of the Governing Council Baghdad   Iraq Assassination – bombing
Thomas Klestil 2004   Austria President Vienna   Austria Heart attack
Yasser Arafat 2004   Palestine President Paris   France Disputed
Zurab Zhvania 2005   Georgia Prime Minister Tbilisi   Georgia Accident – poisoning
Gnassingbé Eyadéma 2005   Togo President Tunis   Tunisia Heart attack
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum 2006   United Arab Emirates Prime Minister Gold Coast   Australia Heart attack
Ibrahim Rugova 2006   Kosovo President Pristina   Kosovo Illness – lung cancer
Saparmurat Niyazov 2006   Turkmenistan President Ashgabat   Turkmenistan Heart attack
Pascal Yoadimnadji 2007   Chad Prime Minister Paris   France Heart attack
Andranik Markaryan 2007   Armenia Prime Minister Yerevan   Armenia Heart attack
Sir John Compton 2007   Saint Lucia Prime Minister Castries   Saint Lucia Stroke
Soe Win 2007   Burma Prime Minister Beijing   China Illness – leukaemia
Levy Mwanawasa 2008   Zambia President Paris   France Stroke
Lansana Conté 2008   Guinea President Conakry   Guinea Illness
João Bernardo Vieira 2009   Guinea-Bissau President Bissau   Guinea-Bissau Assassination – shooting
Omar Bongo 2009   Gabon President Barcelona   Spain Heart attack
Lech Kaczyński 2010   Poland President Smolensk   Russia Accident – plane crashed on ground
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua 2010   Nigeria President Milan   Italy Illness – pericarditis
David Thompson 2010   Barbados Prime Minister Saint Philip   Barbados Illness – pancreatic cancer
Sergey Bagapsh 2011   Abkhazia President Moscow   Russia Illness – complications from surgery
Muammar Gaddafi 2011   Libya Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution Sirte   Libya Assassination – shooting
Kim Jong Il 2011   North Korea General Secretary of the Workers' Party Pyongyang   North Korea Heart attack[92]
Malam Bacai Sanhá 2012   Guinea-Bissau President Paris   France Illness
Bingu wa Mutharika 2012   Malawi President Lilongwe   Malawi Heart attack
John Atta Mills 2012   Ghana President Accra   Ghana Stroke
Meles Zenawi 2012   Ethiopia Prime Minister Brussels   Belgium Illness
Hugo Chávez 2013   Venezuela President Caracas   Venezuela Illness – colorectal cancer
Zillur Rahman 2013   Bangladesh President   Singapore Illness – lung problems
Michael Sata 2014   Zambia President London   United Kingdom Illness
Mohamed Abdelaziz 2016   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Secretary General of the Polisario Front
President		 Tindouf   Algeria Illness – lung cancer
Islam Karimov 2016   Uzbekistan President Omsk   Russia Stroke
Sir Michael Ogio 2017   Papua New Guinea Governor-General Port Moresby   Papua New Guinea Illness
Baldwin Lonsdale 2017   Vanuatu President Port Vila   Vanuatu Heart attack
Alexander Zakharchenko 2018   Donetsk People's Republic Head of the Republic and Prime Minister Donetsk   Donetsk People's Republic/  Ukraine Assassination – bombing
Gennadi Gagulia 2018   Abkhazia Prime Minister Myussera   Abkhazia/  Georgia Accident – car crashed on road
Trần Đại Quang 2018   Vietnam President Hanoi   Vietnam Illness – viral infection
Beji Caid Essebsi 2019   Tunisia President Tunis   Tunisia Illness
ʻAkilisi Pōhiva 2019   Tonga Prime Minister Auckland   New Zealand Illness – pneumonia
Pierre Nkurunziza 2020   Burundi President Karuzi   Burundi Illness – cardiac arrest & suspected COVID-19
Amadou Gon Coulibaly 2020   Ivory Coast Prime Minister Abidjan   Ivory Coast Illness
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa 2020   Bahrain Prime Minister Rochester   United States Illness
Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini 2020   Eswatini Prime Minister Johannesburg   South Africa Illness – COVID-19
Hamed Bakayoko 2021   Ivory Coast Prime Minister Freiburg im Breisgau   Germany Illness – malaria, cancer & suspected COVID-19
John Magufuli 2021   Tanzania President Dar es Salaam   Tanzania Illness – heart condition & suspected COVID-19
Idriss Déby 2021   Chad President Tibesti   Chad Killed in action[93]
Jovenel Moïse 2021   Haiti President Port-au-Prince   Haiti Assassination – shooting
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan 2022[94]   United Arab Emirates President Abu Dhabi   United Arab Emirates Natural causes
Hage Geingob 2024[95]   Namibia President Windhoek   Namibia Illness – unspecified form of cancer

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Disputed with Ali Mahdi Muhammad.

References edit

  1. ^ Dale, Iain (2020). The Prime Ministers. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-529-31216-4. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Henry Pelham (1694-1754)". Hertford College, University of Oxford. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham". Swansea University. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  4. ^ Hague, William (2005). William Pitt the Younger: A Biography. London: Harper Perennial. p. 578. ISBN 9780007147205. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  5. ^ Treherne, Philip (1909). The Right Honourable Spencer Perceval. London: T. Fisher Unwin. pp. 193–194. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  6. ^ "George Canning". gov.uk. HM Government. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  7. ^ Burdett O'Connor, Francisco (1915). Independencia americana: Recuerdos de Francisco Burdett O'Connor, colonel del ejército, libertador de Colombia y general de división de los del Perú y Bolivia (in Spanish). Madrid: Sociedad española de librería. pp. 277–278. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  8. ^ Brewer, David (2011). The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Opression. New York: Abrams Press. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-59020-691-1.
  9. ^ Comellas, José Luis, ed. (1981). Historia general de España y América (in Spanish). Vol. XII. Madrid: Ediciones Rialp. p. 527. ISBN 9788432121098.
  10. ^ Bourset, Madeleine (1995). Casimir Périer: Un prince financier au temps de romantisme (in French). Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne. pp. 267–274. ISBN 978-2-85944-249-1. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  11. ^ Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). Los gobernantes de México (in Spanish). Vol. II. Mexico: Imp. de J. M. Aguilar Ortiz. p. 201. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  12. ^ Chaves, Julio César (1958). El supremo dictador: Biografía de José Gaspar de Francia (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nizza. pp. 433–436. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  13. ^ McHugh, Jane; Mackowiak, Philip A. (23 June 2014). "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 59 (7): 990–995. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu470. PMID 24962997. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  14. ^ Tauro del Pino, Alberto (1973). Perú: Época Republicana (in Spanish). Vol. I (Third ed.). Lima: Ediciones PEISA. p. 163.
  15. ^ Dorsainvil, J.-C. (1934). Manuel d'histoire d'Haïti (in French). Port-au-Prince: Procure des Frères de l'Instruction chrétienne. p. 245. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  16. ^ Dorsainvil 1934, p. 249.
  17. ^ "Remembering Zachary Taylor: Military hero, obscure President". National Constitution Center. 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  18. ^ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Bd. 33: Hermann Schulze-G. Semper (in German). Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1891. p. 288. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  19. ^ Antić, Čedomir (2007). Neutrality as Independence: Great Britain, Serbia and the Crimean War. Belgrade: Institute for Balkan Studies. p. 43. ISBN 9788671790512.
  20. ^ Altermatt, Urs, ed. (2019). Das Bundesratslexikon (in German). Zürich: NZZ Libro. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-3-03810-218-2.
  21. ^ Altermatt 2019, pp. 60–61.
  22. ^ Kornrumpf, Hans-Jürgen (1979). "Mustafa Reşid Pascha". In Bernath, Mathias; von Schroeder, Felix (eds.). Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas (in German). Vol. III. Munich: Oldenbourg. pp. 280–282. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  23. ^ Romeo, Rosario (1998). Vita di Cavour (in Italian). Rome: Laterza. p. 525. ISBN 88-420-7491-8.
  24. ^ Altermatt 2019, p. 35.
  25. ^ "José Santos Guardiola (1816-1862)" (PDF) (in Spanish). Biblioteca Enrique Bolaños. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  26. ^ Nicolescu, Nicolae C. (2006). Enciclopedia șefilor de guvern ai României 1862–2006 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Meronia. pp. 97–99. ISBN 973-7839-09-9.
  27. ^ Viñals, Frank (12 August 2015). "El asesinato de Pepillo Salcedo". Diario Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  28. ^ Woodward, Ralph Lee (4 October 2007). "CARRERA, José Rafael". Boletín de la AFEHC (in Spanish) (32). Asociación para el Fomento de los Estudios Históricos en Centroamérica. ISSN 1954-3891. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  29. ^ Ridley, Jasper (1971). Lord Palmerston. New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 583. ISBN 9780525148739. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  30. ^ Dendle, Brian J. (2005). Galdós and the death of Prim. Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  31. ^ Balyuzi, H. M. (1991). Bahá'u'lláh: The King of Glory (2nd ed.). Oxford: George Ronald. p. 469. ISBN 0-85398-328-3.
  32. ^ Stevens, Harm (13 March 1998). "Een stijf Hollands heertje". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  33. ^ Scholes, Walter V. (1957). Mexican Politics During the Juárez Regime, 1855–1872. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press. p. 176.
  34. ^ Stokes, Gale (1990). Politics as Development: The Emergence of Political Parties in Nineteenth-Century Serbia. Durham and London: Duke University Press. pp. 9–19. ISBN 0-8223-1016-3.
  35. ^ Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian i don Tomas Frias (in Spanish). La Paz: Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. pp. 103–104.
  36. ^ Loyola, Mary (January 1945). "García Moreno of Ecuador". The Americas. 1 (3): 327. doi:10.2307/978157. JSTOR 978157. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  37. ^ Adamopoulou, Konstantina (16 March 2012). "Κανάρης Κωνσταντίνος (περ. 1790 – 1877)". Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture (in Greek). Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  38. ^ Nieschulz de Stockhausen, Elke. "Linares Alcántara, Francisco". Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela (in Spanish). BiblioFEP. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  39. ^ Altermatt 2019, p. 138.
  40. ^ Romanelli, Raffaele. "DEPRETIS, Agostino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Treccani. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  41. ^ Altermatt 2019, pp. 175–176.
  42. ^ Creighton, Donald (1955). John A. Macdonald: The Old Chieftain. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. pp. 574–575. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  43. ^ Altermatt 2019, p. 181.
  44. ^ Lacassagne, A. (1894). L'assassinat du Président Carnot (in French). Lyon: A. Storck. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  45. ^ Dangond Uribe, Alberto (1988). Rafael Núñez: regenerador de Colombia (in Spanish). Bogotá: Ediciones Anaya. p. 116. ISBN 84-207-3446-2.
  46. ^ Altermatt 2019, pp. 108–109.
  47. ^ Léger, J. N. (1907). Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors. New York and Washington: Neale Publishing Company. p. 248. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  48. ^ Avilés Farré, Juan (2013). La daga y la dinamita: Los anarquistas y el nacimiento del terrorismo (in Spanish). Barcelona: Tusquets. pp. 324–325. ISBN 978-84-8383-753-5.
  49. ^ Idiarte Borda, Celia; Idiarte Borda, María Ester (1939). Juan Idiarte Borda: su vida, su obra (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Imprenta López. pp. 457–468. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  50. ^ Batres Jáuregui, Antonio (1949). La América Central ante la historia. 1821–1921: memorias de un siglo. Tomo III (PDF) (in Spanish). Guatemala: Impr. de Marroquin hermanos, "Casa colorada". pp. 575–577. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  51. ^ Guyard, Bertrand (16 February 2016). "16 février 1899: la mort extatique du président Félix Faure". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  52. ^ "Federico Errázuriz Echaurren (1850-1901)". Memoria Chilena (in Spanish). National Library of Chile. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  53. ^ Altermatt 2019, pp. 189–192.
  54. ^ Basadre Grohmann, Jorge (2014). Historia de la República del Perú: 1822-1933 (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 12. Lima: Producciones Cantabria. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-612-306-365-8. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  55. ^   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Delyanni, Theodoros". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 979.
  56. ^ "Fallecimiento del Presidente de la República Argentina". Boletín Mensual de la Oficina International de las Repúblicas Americanas (in Spanish). XXII (3): 599. March 1906. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  57. ^ Brooking, Tom (2014). Richard Seddon: King of God's Own. Auckland: Penguin. p. 261. ISBN 9780143569671.
  58. ^ Markov, Georgi (2003). Покушения, насилие и политика в България 1878-1947 (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Military Publishing House. pp. 104–116. ISBN 9789545092398.
  59. ^ Afary, Janet (1996). The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780231103510.
  60. ^ Ribeiro Viscardi, Cláudia Maria. PENA, Afonso (PDF) (in Portuguese). Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. p. 15. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  61. ^ Reid, Donald M. (1982). "Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910-1954". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 15 (4): 625–651. doi:10.2307/217848. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  62. ^ Castedo, Leopoldo (1982). Resumen de la historia de Chile: 1891-1925 (in Spanish). Vol. IV. Santiago: Zig-Zag. p. 339. ISBN 9789568402686.
  63. ^ Gumucio, Rafael (27 April 2005). "Chile entre dos centenarios. Historia de una democracia frustrada". Polis (in Spanish) (10). Centro de Investigación Sociedad y Politicas Públicas: 8. ISSN 0717-6554. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  64. ^ Altermatt 2019, p. 226.
  65. ^ Geifman, Anna (1995). Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 239. ISBN 9780691025490.
  66. ^ "Santo Domingan President Slain" (PDF). The New York Times. 21 November 1911. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  67. ^ Altermatt 2019, p. 187.
  68. ^ Gayle Plummer, Brenda (1981). "Race, Nationality, and Trade in the Caribbean: The Syrians in Haiti, 1903–1934". The International History Review. 3 (4): 536. doi:10.1080/07075332.1981.9640260.
  69. ^ Moreno Luzón, Javier (2016). Modernizing the Nation: Spain During the Reign of Alfonso XIII, 1902-1931. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1845195052.
  70. ^ White, Alastair (1973). El Salvador. New York/Washington: Praeger Publishers. p. 91. ISBN 9780510395230.
  71. ^ Joseph, Celucien L. (2017). Thinking in Public: Faith, Secular Humanism, and Development in Jacques Roumain. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. p. 28. ISBN 9781498203814.
  72. ^ Fieldhouse, D. K. (2006). Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780199287376.
  73. ^ Cornevin, Robert (1993). Haïti (in French) (2nd ed.). Paris: Presses universitaires de France. p. 48. ISBN 978-2130458203.
  74. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (1990). The Search for Modern China (PDF). New York/London: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 287. ISBN 9780393027082. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  75. ^ Kotkin, Stephen (2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928. New York: Penguin. pp. 318–319. ISBN 978-1594203794. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  76. ^ Meintjes, Johannes (1970). General Louis Botha: A Biography. London: Cassell. p. 302. ISBN 9780304935017. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  77. ^ Watt, Richard M. (1982). Bitter Glory: Poland and its Fate, 1918-1939. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 192–193. ISBN 9780671453787.
  78. ^ Kershaw, Ian (1998). Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 267. ISBN 0393320359.
  79. ^ Kinsbruner, Jay, ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 911. ISBN 978-0-684-31590-4.
  80. ^ Dørum, Knut. "Peder Kolstad". Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  81. ^ Watt 1982, pp. 333–340.
  82. ^ Wium Olesen, Niels. "Thorvald Stauning, 1873-1942". danmarkshistorien.dk (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  83. ^ "Another Premier dies in Bulgaria". The Courier-Mail. No. 4107. 24 January 1950. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  84. ^ "Prime Minister of Luxembourg dies". St. Cloud Times. 24 December 1953. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  85. ^ Fitzpatrick, Sheila (2015). On Stalin's Team: The Years of Living Dangerously in Soviet Politics. Princeton University Press. p. 246. ISBN 9781400874217. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  86. ^ "Zapotocky Is Dead; Czechs' President". The New York Times. 13 November 1957. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  87. ^ "Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Passes Away". Center for Israel Education. 23 April 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  88. ^ Diamond, Jared (2005). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. Penguin Books. p. 315. ISBN 0-140-27951-2.
  89. ^ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing To Envy: Real Lives In North Korea. London: Granta Publications. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-84708-337-1.
  90. ^ West, Michael O. (November 27, 2017). "History vs. Historical Memory: Rosie Douglas, Black Power on Campus, and the Canadian Color Conceit". Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International. 6 (1): 84–100. doi:10.1353/pal.2017.0012. S2CID 198773895 – via Project MUSE.
  91. ^ "POLITICS: How Did Dominica's Prime Minister Rosie Douglas Die?". Inter Press Service. March 8, 2001.
  92. ^ "North Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies 'of heart attack'". BBC News. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  93. ^ "Chad's President Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels'". BBC News. 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  94. ^ "UAE president Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed dies". Reuters. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  95. ^ "President Hage Geingob is dead". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_died_in_office&oldid=1221120598"