List of Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics

This is the complete list of Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics from 1951 to 2023.^[1]^[2]

Artistic gymnastics edit

Men's events edit

Men's team floor exercise edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina

Men's team pommel horse edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina

Men's team still rings edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina

Men's team vault edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián

Men's team parallel bars edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina

Men's team horizontal bar edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1951 Buenos Aires	Argentina Mario Fizbein Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Jorge Soler Enrique Rapesta Pedro Lonchibuco Juan Caviglia Roberto Núñez	Mexico José Savignon Manuel Ortiz Carlos Duarte José Rosellón Rubén Lira Guillermo Yáñez Manuel Guzmán Everardo Rios	Cuba José Vázquez Raimundo Rey Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Roberto Villacián Fernando Lecuona Ángel Aguiar Rafael Lecuona
1955 Mexico City	United States Jack Beckner Joe Kotys Jack Miles Abie Grossfeld Don Holder Dick Beckner	Argentina Juan Caviglia Ovidio Ferrari César Bonoris Enrique Rapesta Joaquín Zbikowski Jaroslav Slanina	Cuba Rafael Lecuona Luis Santana Francisco Cascante Baldomero Rubiera Ángel Franco Roberto Villacián

Women's events edit

Club swinging edit

Men's club swinging edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1955 Mexico City	Francisco Alvarez Mexico	Don Holder United States	Jack Miles United States
1959 Chicago	Francisco Alvarez Mexico	Porfirio Rivera Mexico	Ronald Munn United States

Rhythmic gymnastics edit

Team all-around edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1991 Havana	Canada Mary Fuzesi Susan Cushman Madonna Gimotea	Cuba Lourdes Medina Danelis Alarcon Yalili Fung	United States Naomi Hewitt Diane Simpson Jenifer Lovell
1995 Mar del Plata	United States Tamara Levinson Jessica Davis	Cuba Yordania Corrales Yamile Sotolongo Kirenia Ruiz	Argentina Cecilia Schtutman Luciana Eslava Alejandra Unsain

Group all-around edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1991 Havana	Cuba Nelly Ochoa Raima Pérez Yordania Corrales Yonaisy Amores Yuliex Cuevas Laritza Jiménez	Brazil Gabriela Astiazara Valquíria Aydos Débora Sana Bibiana Pitta Alessandra Seligman Alessandra Frederico	Canada Maddie Beamer Dorin Grunwald Vanessa Hill Alyssa Pearce Katie Wills Colleen McDermott
1995 Mar del Plata	Cuba Yonaisy Amores Lisell Pedraza Danae Varela Yasleidy Rodriguez Yuliex Cuevas	United States Aliane Baquerot Becky Turner Brandi Siegel Challen Sievers Mandy James	Brazil Dayane da Silva Luciana Barichelo Camila Ferezin Fernanda Festa Luciane de Oliveira
1999 Winnipeg^[3]^[4]	Brazil Camila Ferezin Alessandra Ferezin Flávia de Faria Dayane da Silva Juliana Coradine Michele Salzano	Cuba Yordania Corrales Yasleidy Rodriguez Kirenia Ruiz Arletys Chacon Grissell Pedraza	Canada Katie Iafolla Julie Hayward Andrea Sellen Jenny Pudavick Joanna Krecsy
2003 Santo Domingo	Brazil Fernanda Cavalieri Ana Maria Maciel Thalita Nakadomari Gabriela Andrioli Dayane da Silva Natália Eidt	Canada Roxy Cervantes Ira Funtikova Pam Jewell Emilie Livingstone Sarah Stock	Cuba Yenly Figueredo Kirenia Ruíz Arletys Chacon Yanet Comas Diana Díaz Mirlay Sánchez
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Brazil Daniela Leite Tayanne Mantovaneli Luisa Matsuo Marcela Menezes Nicole Muller Natália Sanchez	Cuba Yanet Comas Maydelis Delgado Rachel Kindelan Elsy Ortíz Yeney Renovales Mirlay Sánchez	Canada Kathryn de Cata Alissa Hansen Monika Lechowicz Suzanne Lendvay Brihana Mosienko Roxanne Porter
2011 Guadalajara	Brazil Dayane Amaral Debora Falda Luisa Matsuo Bianca Mendonça Eliane Sampaio Drielly Daltoe	Canada Katrina Cameron Rose Cossar Alexandra Landry Anastasiya Muntyanu Anjelika Reznik Kelsey Titmarsh	Cuba Maydelis Delgado Zenia Fernandez Lianet Jose Martha Perez Yeney Renovales Legna Savon
2015 Toronto	Brazil Dayane Amaral Morgana Gmach Emanuelle Lima Jessica Maier Ana Paula Ribeiro Beatriz Pomini	United States Kiana Eide Alisa Kano Natalie McGiffert Jennifer Rokhman Monica Rokhman Kristen Shaldybin	Cuba Claudia Arjona Zenia Fernandez Melissa Kindelan Martha Perez Adriana Ramirez Legna Savon
2019 Lima	Mexico Ana Galindo Adriana Hernández Mildred Maldonado Britany Sainz Karen Villanueva	United States Isabelle Connor Yelyzaveta Merenzon Elizaveta Pletneva Nicole Sladkov Kristina Sobolevskaya	Brazil Vitoria Guerra Déborah Medrado Nicole Pircio Camila Rossi Beatriz da Silva
2023 Santiago	Brazil Bárbara Urquiza Gabriella Coradine Victória Borges Giovanna Oliveira Nicole Pircio	Mexico Julia Gutiérrez Ana Flores Kimberly Salazar Adirem Tejeda Dalia Alcocer	United States Katrine Sakhnov Gergana Petkova Hana Starkman Isabelle Connor Karolina Saverino

Group single apparatus edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2003 Santo Domingo	Brazil Ana Maria Maciel Thalita Nakadomari Gabriela Andrioli Dayane da Silva Natália Eidt	Cuba Yenly Figueredo Arletys Chacon Yanet Comas Diana Díaz Mirlay Sánchez	Canada Roxy Cervantes Ira Funtikova Pam Jewell Emilie Livingstone Sarah Stock
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Brazil Daniela Leite Tayanne Mantovaneli Luisa Matsuo Marcela Menezes Nicole Muller Natália Sanchez	Cuba Yanet Comas Maydelis Delgado Rachel Kindelan Elsy Ortíz Yeney Renovales Mirlay Sánchez	Canada Kathryn de Cata Alissa Hansen Monika Lechowicz Suzanne Lendvay Brihana Mosienko Roxanne Porter
2011 Guadalajara	Brazil Dayane Amaral Debora Falda Luisa Matsuo Bianca Mendonça Eliane Sampaio Drielly Daltoe	United States Jessica Bogdanov Megan Frohlich Aimee Gupta Michelle Przybylo Sofya Roytburg Sydney Sachs	Canada Katrina Cameron Rose Cossar Alexandra Landry Anastasiya Muntyanu Anjelika Reznik Kelsey Titmarsh
2015 Toronto	Brazil Dayane Amaral Morgana Gmach Emanuelle Lima Jessica Maier Ana Paula Ribeiro Beatriz Pomini	United States Kiana Eide Alisa Kano Natalie McGiffert Jennifer Rokhman Monica Rokhman Kristen Shaldybin	Canada Katrina Cameron Maya Kojevnikov Lucinda Nowell Vanessa Panov Anjelika Reznik Victoria Reznik
2019 Lima	Mexico Ana Galindo Adriana Hernández Mildred Maldonado Britany Sainz Karen Villanueva	United States Isabelle Connor Yelyzaveta Merenzon Elizaveta Pletneva Nicole Sladkov Kristina Sobolevskaya	Brazil Vitoria Guerra Déborah Medrado Nicole Pircio Camila Rossi Beatriz da Silva
2023 Santiago	Brazil Bárbara Urquiza Gabriella Coradine Victória Borges Giovanna Oliveira Nicole Pircio	Mexico Julia Gutiérrez Ana Flores Kimberly Salazar Adirem Tejeda Dalia Alcocer	United States Katrine Sakhnov Gergana Petkova Hana Starkman Isabelle Connor Karolina Saverino

Group multiple apparatus edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2003 Santo Domingo	Brazil Fernanda Cavalieri Ana Maria Maciel Thalita Nakadomari Gabriela Andrioli Dayane da Silva	Cuba Kirenia Ruíz Arletys Chacon Yanet Comas Diana Díaz Mirlay Sánchez	Canada Roxy Cervantes Ira Funtikova Pam Jewell Emilie Livingstone Sarah Stock
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Brazil Daniela Leite Tayanne Mantovaneli Luisa Matsuo Marcela Menezes Nicole Muller Natália Sanchez	Cuba Yanet Comas Maydelis Delgado Rachel Kindelan Elsy Ortíz Yeney Renovales Mirlay Sánchez	Mexico Blajaith Aguilar Rojas Sofia Díaz de León Marlenne Martínez Medina Ana Cristina Ortega Citlaly Quinta Álvarez Sara Reyes Rodríguez
2011 Guadalajara	Brazil Dayane Amaral Debora Falda Luisa Matsuo Bianca Mendonça Eliane Sampaio Drielly Daltoe	Canada Katrina Cameron Rose Cossar Alexandra Landry Anastasiya Muntyanu Anjelika Reznik Kelsey Titmarsh	United States Jessica Bogdanov Megan Frohlich Aimee Gupta Michelle Przybylo Sofya Roytburg Sydney Sachs
2015 Toronto	United States Kiana Eide Alisa Kano Natalie McGiffert Jennifer Rokhman Monica Rokhman Kristen Shaldybin	Brazil Dayane Amaral Morgana Gmach Emanuelle Lima Jessica Maier Ana Paula Ribeiro Beatriz Pomini	Canada Katrina Cameron Maya Kojevnikov Lucinda Nowell Vanessa Panov Anjelika Reznik Victoria Reznik
2019 Lima	Brazil Vitoria Guerra Déborah Medrado Nicole Pircio Camila Rossi Beatriz da Silva	Mexico Ana Galindo Adriana Hernández Mildred Maldonado Britany Sainz Karen Villanueva	Cuba Claudia Arjona Melissa Kindelán Tatiana Frometa Elaine Rojas Danay Utria
2023 Santiago	Brazil Bárbara Urquiza Gabriella Coradine Victória Borges Giovanna Oliveira Nicole Pircio	Mexico Julia Gutiérrez Ana Flores Kimberly Salazar Adirem Tejeda Dalia Alcocer	United States Katrine Sakhnov Gergana Petkova Hana Starkman Isabelle Connor Karolina Saverino

Individual all-around edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1987 Indianapolis	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Diane Simpson United States	Mary Fuzesi Canada
1991 Havana	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Mary Fuzesi Canada	Susan Cushman Canada
1995 Mar del Plata	Yordania Corrales Cuba	Tamara Levinson United States	Jessica Davis United States
1999 Winnipeg	Emilie Livingston Canada	Jessica Howard United States	Yordania Corrales Cuba
2003 Santo Domingo	Mary Sanders United States	Olga Karmansky United States	Anahí Sosa Argentina
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Lisa Wang United States	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Rut Castillo Galindo Mexico
2011 Guadalajara	Julie Zetlin United States	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil
2015 Toronto	Laura Zeng United States	Jasmine Kerber United States	Patricia Bezzoubenko Canada
2019 Lima	Evita Griskenas United States	Camilla Feeley United States	Natália Gaudio Brazil
2023 Santiago	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Evita Griskenas United States	Maria Eduarda Alexandre Brazil

Individual rope edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1987 Indianapolis	Diane Simpson United States	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Marina Kunyavsky United States
1991 Havana	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Mary Fuzesi Canada	Naomi Hewitt United States
1995 Mar del Plata	Yordania Corrales Cuba	Kirenia Ruiz Cuba	Tamara Levinson United States
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Lisa Wang United States	Cynthia Valdéz Pérez Mexico

Individual hoop edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1987 Indianapolis	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Diane Simpson United States	Mary Fuzesi Canada
1991 Havana	Mary Fuzesi Canada	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Susan Cushman Canada
2003 Santo Domingo	Mary Sanders United States	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Anahí Sosa Argentina
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Rut Castillo Galindo Mexico	Ana Paula Scheffer Brazil
2011 Guadalajara	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Julie Zetlin United States	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil
2015 Toronto	Laura Zeng United States	Jasmine Kerber United States	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil
2019 Lima	Evita Griskenas United States	Katherine Uchida Canada	Camilla Feeley United States
2023 Santiago	Maria Eduarda Alexandre Brazil	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Evita Griskenas United States

Individual clubs edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1987 Indianapolis	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Mary Fuzesi Canada	Susan Cushman Canada Marina Kunyavsky United States
1991 Havana	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Naomi Hewitt United States	Yalili Fung Cuba
1995 Mar del Plata	Yordania Corrales Cuba	Jessica Davis United States	Tamara Levinson United States
2003 Santo Domingo	Mary Sanders United States	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Tayanne Mantovaneli Brazil
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Lisa Wang United States	Rut Castillo Galindo Mexico
2011 Guadalajara	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil	Mariam Chamilova Canada
2015 Toronto	Laura Zeng United States	Patricia Bezzoubenko Canada	Jasmine Kerber United States
2019 Lima	Camilla Feeley United States	Natalie Garcia Canada	Evita Griskenas United States
2023 Santiago	Maria Eduarda Alexandre Brazil	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Evita Griskenas United States

Individual ribbon edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1987 Indianapolis	Diane Simpson United States	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Mary Fuzesi Canada Thalia Fung Cuba
1995 Mar del Plata	Tamara Levinson United States	Jessica Davis United States	Luciana Eslava Argentina
2003 Santo Domingo	Mary Sanders United States	Alexandra Orlando Canada	Cynthia Valdez Mexico
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Lisa Wang United States	Julie Zetlin United States	Cynthia Valdéz Pérez Mexico
2011 Guadalajara	Julie Zetlin United States	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Ana Pini Carrasco Argentina
2015 Toronto	Laura Zeng United States	Jasmine Kerber United States	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil
2019 Lima	Evita Griskenas United States	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Karla Diaz Mexico
2023 Santiago	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Maria Eduarda Alexandre Brazil	Evita Griskenas United States

Individual ball edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1991 Havana	Lourdes Medina Cuba	Mary Fuzesi Canada	Madonna Gimotea Canada Jenifer Lovell United States
1995 Mar del Plata	Alejandra Unsain Argentina	Cecilia Schtutman Argentina	Tamara Levinson United States
2003 Santo Domingo	Mary Sanders United States	Olga Karmansky United States	Alexandra Orlando Canada
2011 Guadalajara	Julie Zetlin United States	Cynthia Valdez Mexico	Angélica Kvieczynski Brazil
2015 Toronto	Laura Zeng United States	Jasmine Kerber United States	Karla Diaz Mexico
2019 Lima	Evita Griskenas United States	Katherine Uchida Canada	Camilla Feeley United States
2023 Santiago	Bárbara Domingos Brazil	Geovanna Santos Brazil	Evita Griskenas United States

Rope climbing edit

Men's rope climbing edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1955 Mexico City	Donald Perry United States	Baldomero Rubiera Cuba	Roberto Villacián Cuba
1959 Chicago	Garvin Smith United States	Nino Marion Canada	Richard Montpetit Canada

Trampoline and tumbling edit

Men's individual trampoline edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1955 Mexico City	Donald Harper United States	William Roy United States	Eduardo Fereda Venezuela
1959 Chicago	Ronald Munn United States	Harold Holmes United States	Abie Grossfeld United States
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Chris Estrada United States	Jason Burnett Canada	Ryan Weston United States
2011 Guadalajara	Keegan Soehn Canada	Rafael Andrade Brazil	José Alberto Vargas Mexico
2015 Toronto	Keegan Soehn Canada	Steven Gluckstein United States	Ángel Hernández Colombia
2019 Lima	Jérémy Chartier Canada	Jeffrey Gluckstein United States	Ruben Padilla United States
2023 Santiago	Ángel Hernández Colombia	Rayan Dutra Brazil	Santiago Ferrari Argentina

Men's individual tumbling edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1955 Mexico City	William Roy United States	Joe Kotys United States	Juan Caviglia Argentina
1959 Chicago	Harold Holmes United States	Jamile Ashmore United States	Abie Grossfeld United States

Men's synchronized trampoline edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2023 Santiago	United States Aliaksei Shostak Ruben Padilla	Canada Rémi Aubin Keegan Soehn	Brazil Lucas Tobias Rayan Dutra

Women's individual trampoline edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2007 Rio de Janeiro	Karen Cockburn Canada	Rosie MacLennan Canada	Giovanna Matheus Brazil
2011 Guadalajara	Rosie MacLennan Canada	Dakota Earnest United States	Alaina Williams United States
2015 Toronto	Rosie MacLennan Canada	Dafne Navarro Mexico	Karen Cockburn Canada
2019 Lima	Samantha Smith Canada	Nicole Ahsinger United States	Dafne Navarro Mexico
2023 Santiago	Jessica Stevens United States	Camilla Gomes Brazil	Dafne Navarro Mexico

Women's synchronized trampoline edit

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2023 Santiago	United States Jessica Stevens Nicole Ahsinger	Brazil Alice Gomes Camilla Gomes	Mexico Dafne Navarro Mariola García

References edit

^ Cunha, Odir (2009). Heróis da América: História completa dos Jogos Pan-Americanos (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Planeta. p. 415. ISBN 978-8576652809.
^ Olderr, Steven (2009). The Pan American Games / Los Juegos Panamericanos: A Statistical History, 1951-1999 / Una Historia Estadistica, 1951-1999 (in English and Spanish). McFarland. p. 392. ISBN 978-0786443369.
^ RGC
^ Radio-Canada

[1] Cunha, Odir (2009). Heróis da América: História completa dos Jogos Pan-Americanos (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Planeta. p. 415. ISBN 978-8576652809.

[2] Olderr, Steven (2009). The Pan American Games / Los Juegos Panamericanos: A Statistical History, 1951-1999 / Una Historia Estadistica, 1951-1999 (in English and Spanish). McFarland. p. 392. ISBN 978-0786443369.

[3] RGC

[4] Radio-Canada

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