The Khuff Formation is a geologic formation in Oman and Saudi Arabia.[1] It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian and early Triassic periods.[2]
| Khuff Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Middle Permian (?Capitanian) to early Triassic | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Akhdar Group[1] |
| Sub-units | From youngest to oldest:[2]
|
| Underlies | Sudair Formation[1][2] |
| Overlies | Gharif Formation[1] |
| Thickness | |
| Location | |
| Region | Middle East |
| Country | |
| Type section | |
| Named by | Steineke et. al.[2] |
| Year defined | 1958[2] |
Stratigraphy edit
Depending on the author, various definitions and names for the members of the Khuff Formation have been proposed, which may lead to confusion. Vaslet et. al. (2005) defines the members as such (from oldest to youngest):[2]
The Al Siqqah Member is the oldest of the members, tentatively dated to the middle Permian (Capitanian). It is 35 meters thick at the type section, becoming thinner to the southeast. It has previously been referred to as the Unayzah Formation or Unayzah Member.
The Huqayl Member has been dated to the late Permian (?Wuchiapingian) based on foraminifer assemblage. It ranges from 30 to 40 meters in thickness.
The Duhaysan Member is 13.4 meters thick at Jabal Duhaysan, and is believed to be late Permian (Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian) in age.
The Midhnab Member (or Midhnab Shale) is believed to date to the Changhsingian and is about 60 meters thick in the Ad Dawadimi quadrangle.
The Khartam Member (formerly the Khartam Limestone) is the youngest member, with the lower part dating to the latest Permian and the upper part to the early Triassic.
Depositional environment edit
The Khuff Formation was deposited on the outer shelf of the Arabian Platform and represents a shallow carbonate platform, with a coastline oriented northeast-southwest and facing the spreading Neotethys Ocean. The various units have been interpreted as lagoonal tidal sand flats or barrier beaches, outer-shelf conditions below storm wave base and deposition around storm wave base. The known fossil content supports the interpretation of the Khuff Formation as a marine environment. The presence of Tethyan brachiopods suggest a subtropical and warm climate, while cosmopolitan, endemic and Gondwanan brachiopod taxa indicate the area was open to outside influence, and the conodont fauna confirms a shallow marine habitat.[3][4]
Fossil content edit
Fish edit
Cartilaginous fish edit
A large number of chondrichthyan dermal denticles are known from the formation.[3]
| Cartilaginous fish reported from the Khuff Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
| Amelacanthus | A. cf. sulcatus | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 25 spine fragments.[3] | A ctenacanth. | ||
| Anachronistidae? | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 2 teeth.[3] | A potential anachronistid. | ||
| Cooleyella | C. cf. fordi | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 2 teeth.[3] | An anachronistid. | ||
| Deltodus | D. aff. mercurei | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 24 tooth plates.[3] | A cochliodontiform. | ||
| Eugeneodontiformes? | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 2 tooth crowns.[3] | A likely eugeneodont. | ||
| Euselachii incertae sedis | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 10 teeth.[3] | A potential protacrodontid. | |||
| Glikmanius | G. culmenis | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 137 teeth.[3] | A ctenacanth. | ||
| G. cf. myachkovensis | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 649 teeth.[3] | A ctenacanth. |  | ||
| Gunnellodus | G. bellistriatus | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 254 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | ||
| Khuffia | K. lenis | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 79 teeth.[3] | A sphenacanthid. | ||
| K. prolixa | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 27 teeth.[3] | A sphenacanthid. | |||
| Nemacanthus | N. sp. | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 2 dorsal spine fragments.[3] | A palaeospinacid. |  | |
| Omanoselache | O. angiolinii | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 86 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | ||
| O. hendersoni | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 717 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | |||
| cf. O. sp. | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 14 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | |||
| cf. 'Paleozoic Genus 1' sp. | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | A tooth.[3] | A hybodont, potential lochidiid. | |||
| Petalodontiformes? | Gen. et. sp. indeterminate | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 2 broken teeth.[3] | Similar to Chomatodus. | ||
| Reesodus | R. underwoodi | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 6 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | ||
| Solenodus | S. cf. crenulatus | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 4 tooth plates.[3] | A cochliodontiform. | ||
| Teresodus | T. amplexus | Haushi-Huqf area (Oman).[3] | 103 teeth.[3] | A hybodont. | ||
Conodonts edit
| Conodonts reported from the Khuff Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
| "Jinogondolella" | "J." cf. altaduensis | Jabal al Murayrah (Saudi Arabia).[5] | Midhnab Member.[5] | 1 specimen.[5] | A gondolellid. | |
Invertebrates edit
Brachiopods edit
| Brachiopods reported from the Khuff Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
| Kotlaia | K. sp. ind. | Saudi Arabia.[6] | Midhnab Member.[6] | An articulated specimen & a dorsal valve.[6] | An enteletoid. | |
| Omanilasma | O. desertica | Haushi ring (Oman).[6] | 29 articulated specimens.[6] | A terebratulidan. | ||
| O. husseinii | Oman & Saudi Arabia.[6] | Midhnab Member.[6] | Over 200 specimens.[6] | A terebratulidan. | ||
Cephalopods edit
| Cephalopods reported from the Khuff Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic member | Material | Notes | Images |
| Tirolonautilus | T. feltgeni | South of Jabal al Amshiyah (Saudi Arabia).[7] | Lower Khartam Member.[7] | Internal mould.[7] | A tainoceratid nautiloid. | |
| T. hoernesi | East of Safra ad Dumaythiyat (Saudi Arabia).[7] | Lower Midhnab Member.[7] | Internal mould.[7] | A tainoceratid nautiloid. | ||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Osterloff, Peter; Al-Harthy, Aida; Penney, Randall; Spaak, Pieter; Williams, Glen; Al-Zadjali, Farida; Jones, Neil; Knox, Robert; Stephenson, Michael; Oliver, Guy; Al-Husseini, Moujahed (January 2004). "Depositional sequences of the Gharif and Khuff Formations, subsurface Interior Oman". GeoArabia: 83–147.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Vaslet, Denis; Le Nindre, Yves-Michel; Vachard, Daniel; Broutin, Jean; Crasquin-Soleau, Sylvie; Berthelin, Martine; Gaillot, Jérémie; Halawani, Mohammed; Al-Husseini, Moujahed (2005-10-01). "The Permian-Triassic Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia". GeoArabia. 10 (4): 77–134. doi:10.2113/geoarabia100477. ISSN 1025-6059.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Koot, Martha B.; Cuny, Gilles; Tintori, Andrea; Twitchett, Richard J. (2013-03-13). "A new diverse shark fauna from the Wordian (Middle Permian) Khuff Formation in the interior Haushi-Huqf area, Sultanate of Oman: CHONDRICHTHYANS FROM THE WORDIAN KHUFF FORMATION OF OMAN". Palaeontology. 56 (2): 303–343. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01199.x.
- ^ Angiolini, Lucia; Nicora, Alda; Bucher, Hugo; Vachard, Daniel; Pillevuit, Alain; Platel, Jean-Pierre; Roger, Jack; Baud, Aymon; Broutin, Jean; Al Hashmi, Haroub; Marcoux, Jean (1998-11-30). "Evidence of a Guadalupian age for the Khuff Formation of southeastern Oman: Preliminary report". Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 104 (3): 329–340. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/5337.
- ^ a b c Nicora, Alda; Vaslet, Denis; Le Nindre, Yves-Michel (2006-07-01). "First record of Permian conodont "jinogondolella" cf. altaduensis from the Midhnab Member, Khuff Formation, Saudi Arabia". GeoArabia. 11 (3): 91–96. doi:10.2113/geoarabia110391. ISSN 1025-6059.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Angiolini, Lucia; Vaslet, Denis; Le Nindre, Yves-Michel; Zarbo, Miriam (2006-10-01). "New records and new taxa of Permian brachiopods from the Khuff Formation, Midhnab Member, central Saudi Arabia". GeoArabia. 11 (4): 45–58. doi:10.2113/geoarabia110445. hdl:2434/30360. ISSN 1025-6059.
- ^ a b c d e f Chirat, Régis; Vaslet, Denis; Le Nindre, Yves-Michel (2006-01-01). "Nautiloids of the Permian-Triassic Khuff Formation, central Saudi Arabia". GeoArabia. 11 (1): 81–92. doi:10.2113/geoarabia110181. ISSN 1025-6059.
- Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 29 July 2023.
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