The iqama (Arabic: إِقَامَة, romanized: iqāma) is the second Islamic call to prayer, recited after the adhan. It summons those already in the mosque to line up for prayer (salah).[1]
| Iqama | |
| Arabic | إِقَامَة |
|---|---|
| Romanization | iqāma |
| Literal meaning | "initiation" |
It is traditionally given a more rapid and less sonorous rendering than the adhan, as it is intended merely to draw the attention of those already in the mosque, rather than to remind those outside to come in. Most phrases of the iqama and adhan are the same, though there are variations among the schools (madhahib) of jurisprudence (fiqh) in the preferred number of repetitions of the phrases.
Text
edit| Recital | Arabic Quranic Arabic |
Romanization | Translation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunni | Ibadi | Shia | ||||||
| Hanafi | Maliki | Shafi'i | Hanbali | Imami[2] | ||||
| 4x | 2x | 4x | 2x | ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ | allāhu akbaru | God is greatest | ||
| 2x | 1x | 2x | أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ | ashhadu an lā ilāha illa llāhu | I testify there is nothing worthy of worship except God | |||
| 2x | 1x | 2x | أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ | ashhadu anna muḥammadan rasūlu llāhi | I testify Muhammad is the messenger of God | |||
| None | 2x[a] | أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ | ashhadu anna ʿaliyyan waliyyu llāhi | I testify Ali is the vicegerent of God | ||||
| 2x | 1x | 2x | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَاةِ حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ |
ḥayya ʿala ṣ-ṣalāhti | Come to prayer | |||
| 2x | 1x | 2x | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَاحِ حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَٰحِ |
ḥayya ʿala l-falāḥi | Come to success | |||
| None | 2x | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ خَيْرِ ٱلْعَمَلِ | ḥayya ʿalā khayri l-ʿamali | Come to the best of deeds | ||||
| 2x | 1x | 2x | قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ |
qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāhtu | The prayer has been established | |||
| 2x | ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ | allāhu akbaru | God is greater | |||||
| 1x | لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ | lā ilāha illa llāhu | There is nothing worthy of worship except God | |||||
- ^ According to Usuli Twelver Shia scholars, this phrase is not an obligatory part of the adhan nor iqama, but is recommended. Akhbari Twelver Shia scholars, however, consider it an obligatory part of them both.[3] Fatimid, Isma'ili, Alavi Bohras, and Dawoodi Bohra recite this phrase twice at the same place in the adhan, but not iqama. They also recite muḥammadun wa-ʿaliyyun khayru l-basar wa-itaratu huma khayru l-itar (Muhammad and Ali are the best of mankind, and their progeny is the best of progenies) twice after ḥayya ʿalā khayri l-ʿamal. This tradition is continued from their first Da'i al-Mutlaq Zoeb bin Moosa (d. 1132 CE) after their 21st imam al-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim, and they claim this is the true Fatimid tradition.[4][5][6]
The one unique line in the iqama, but not adhan, is qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāhtu, the announcement "the prayer has been established", i.e., is about to commence. It is stated just before the opening allāhu akbaru, the formal start of prayer.[7]
The Hanafi and Shia schools both use the same number of repetitions in both the adhan and iqama, contrary to all the other schools.[1][8]
Unlike the other schools, the Maliki school recommends qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāhtu to be said only once. This is based on the practice of the people of Medina during Malik ibn Anas's time.[9]
Other uses of the term iqama
editIqāma is the maṣdar form of the fourth (causative) stem (stem 'af`ala) from the triliteral root Q-W-M, which relates to setting things up, carrying things out, existence, and assorted other meanings. The word iqāma itself is multivalent, but its most common meaning outside the inauguration of prayer is in the context of immigration law, referring to a long-term visa for a foreign national. In some cases, as in Egypt, it is a stamp on the foreigner's passport; in others (as in Morocco and Saudi Arabia) it is a separate identity document in the form of a plastic card.
See also
edit
- Adhan
- Shahada
- Tashahhud
- Salawat
- Islamic honorifics
- Dhikr
- Tawhid
- Barechu - the Jewish call to prayer
- Church bells
References
edit- ^ a b Th.W., Juynboll (24 April 2012). Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). "Iḳāma". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.).
- ^ "اذان و اقامه - خلاصه ای از احکام عبادات - پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مرجع عالیقدر آقای سید علی حسینی سیستانی". www.sistani.org. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
- ^ "Akhbari". Akhbari. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
- ^ Islamic Laws : Rules of Namaz » Adhan and Iqamah Archived September 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Importance and Conditions of Prayers - Question #466 Archived July 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Adhan Call to Prayer". duas.org. Retrieved on 25 August 2016.
- ^ Salim, Abdol-Amir (2011). "Adhān and Iqāma". Encyclopaedia Islamica. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
- ^ Howard, IKA (1981). "The development of the adhan and iqama of the salat in early Islam". Journal of Semitic Studies (26). Manchester University Press: 227.
- ^ Ibn Taymiyya. Majmu' al-Fatawa. Vol. 22. p. 68.
As for the iqama, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad said the phrases should be said once, but Ahmad said saying them twice is also legislated. All three of them—Abu Hanifa, al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad—preferred to say qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāhtu twice, but Malik did not. And God knows best.