recorders of oral tradition
Oral repositories are individuals that have been trusted with mentally recording information constituting oral tradition within a society, serving a crucial role in oral cultures and illiterate societies.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] Roles vary, however can involve genealogies , law , religious lore, literature and poetry (and history which is often entwined with the two), songs and music , and knowledge . They are often performers, some professional specialists such as the ashik , others knowledgeable 'men of memory' such as the bulaam . In many parts of the world they continue to serve as custodians of culture despite growing literacy rates .
Term
Type/s of information
Society/ies
Period
Abacurabwenge [ 4] [ 5]
Genealogy
Rwandan
Abasizi [ 4] [ 5]
Poetry/panegyrics
Rwandan
Abateekerezi [ 4] [ 5]
Royal memoirs
Rwandan
Abiru [ 4] [ 5]
Code of kingship
Rwandan
Amusnaw
General, eg. asefru
Kabyle [ 6]
Azmari
Poetry and songs
Amharic [ 7]
Bambudye/Mbudye
General
Luba
To present
Bulaam [ 8] : 17
History, literature, and poetry
Kuba
To present
Debtera
Religious lore
Ethiopian and Eritrean [ 9] [ 10]
Griot/Jèli/Jali/Guewel/ Kevel/Gawlo/Gesere
General
West African, including Mandinka , Bambara , Dyula , Soninke , Fula , Hausa , Songhai , Toucouleur , Wolof , and Serer [ 11] [ 12]
To present
Imbongi
Poetry
Southern African, eg. Xhosa and Zulu
To present
Mbomo mvet
Songs and literature
Fang
To present
Mpikabary
Public speaking
Merina
To present
Sarungano [ 13]
Literature
Shona
To present
Term
Type/s of information
Society/ies
Period
Ashik/Ashugh
Poetry and songs
Azerbaijani ,[ 14] : 225 Georgian , and Armenian [ 15] [ 16] : 47
Aqyn
Poetry and songs
Kazakh and Kyrgyz
Bagshy
Literature
Turkmen
To present
Baxshi [uz ]
Poetry
Uzbek
To present
Bhanaka
Religious texts
Buddhist
Until 1st century BCE[ 17]
Bhāts
Genealogy, sometimes poetry and storytelling
Indian
Charan
General, eg. Rajasthani and Gujarati literature
Rajasthani , Gujurati , Baloch , and Sindhi [ 19] [ 20]
Dengbêj
Literature and songs
Kurdish
Manaschi [ 21]
Literature
Kyrgyz
To present
Meddah
Literature
Turkish [ 22]
Rāwī
Poetry , literature, and religious texts
Arabic
Until 8th century CE
Sėsėn
Literature
Bashkir [ 23]
To present
Zhyrau [ 24] [ 25]
Poetry, eg. Kazakh literature
Turkic , eg. Kazakh
To present
Term
Type/s of information
Society/ies
Period
^ Amadi, Adolphe O (1981-01-01). "The emergence of a library tradition in pre- and post-colonial Africa" . International Library Review . 13 (1): 65–72. doi :10.1016/0020-7837(81)90029-7 . ISSN 0020-7837 .
^ Thieme, John (2016), Head, Dominic (ed.), "After Empire: Postcolonial Short Fiction and the Oral Tradition" , The Cambridge History of the English Short Story , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 377–394, ISBN 978-1-107-16742-1 , retrieved 2024-08-19
^ "Process for Meaningful Consultation of Indigenous Peoples" . caid.ca . Retrieved 2024-08-19 .
^ a b c d Jessee, Erin; Watkins, Sarah E. (2014). "Good Kings, Bloody Tyrants, and Everything In Between: Representations of the Monarchy in Post-Genocide Rwanda" . History in Africa . 41 : 35–62. doi :10.1017/hia.2014.7 . ISSN 0361-5413 . JSTOR 26362083 .
^ a b c d "The Voice of the Past: Oral History [4° ed.] 019933546X, 9780199335466" . ebin.pub . 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2024-08-21 .
^ Mammeri, Mouloud (1980). Poèmes kabyles anciens .
^ Kebede, Ashenafi (January 1975). "The "Azmari", Poet-Musician of Ethiopia". The Musical Quarterly . 61 (1): 47–57. doi :10.1093/mq/lxi.1.47 .
^ Vansina, Jan (1994). Living with Africa . Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-14324-4 .
^ Glossary Archived 2018-11-21 at the Wayback Machine , Eritrean Print and Oral Culture, hosted on Canada Research Chair Humanities Computing Studio.
^ Isaac Greenfield, "The Debtera and the education among Ethiopian Jewry until the arrival of Dr. Faitlovitch" in Menachem Waldman (ed.), Studies in the History of Ethiopian Jews , Habermann Institute of Literary Research, 2011, pp. 109-135 (Hebrew)
^ Unesco . Regional Office for Education in Africa, Educafrica, Numéro 11 , (ed. Unesco, Regional Office for Education in Africa, 1984), p. 110
^ Hale, Thomas Albert, Griots and Griottes: Masters of Words and Music , Indiana University Press (1998), p. 176, ISBN 9780253334589
^ Chinyowa, Kennedy C (2001). "The Sarungano and Shona Storytelling: an African Theatrical Paradigm" . Studies in Theatre and Performance . 21 (1): 18–30. doi :10.1386/stap.21.1.18 . ISSN 1468-2761 .
^ Shidfar, Farhad (5 February 2019). "Azerbaijani Ashiq Saz in West and East Azerbaijan Provinces of Iran". In Özdemir, Ulas; Hamelink, Wendelmoet; Greve, Martin (eds.). Diversity and Contact Among Singer-Poet Traditions in Eastern Anatolia . Ergon Verlag. ISBN 978-3956504815 .
^ Babayan, Kathryn; Pifer, Michael (7 May 2018). An Armenian Mediterranean: Words and Worlds in Motion . Springer . pp. 200–201. ISBN 978-3319728650 .
^ Kardaş, Canser (5 February 2019). "The Legacy of Sounds in Turkey: Âşıks and Dengbêjs". In Özdemir, Ulas; Hamelink, Wendelmoet; Greve, Martin (eds.). Diversity and Contact Among Singer-Poet Traditions in Eastern Anatolia . Ergon Verlag. ISBN 978-3956504815 .
^ Norman, Kenneth Roy (2012). A Philological Approach to Buddhism: The Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai Lectures 1994 . Berkeley: The Institute of Buddhist Studies. pp. 41–56. ISBN 978-0-7286-0276-2 .
^ Palriwala, Rajni (1993). "Economics and Patriliny: Consumption and Authority within the Household" . Social Scientist . 21 (9/11): 47–73. doi :10.2307/3520426 . ISSN 0970-0293 . JSTOR 3520426 .
^ Jain, Pratibha; Śarmā, Saṅgītā (2004). Honour, Status & Polity . Rawat Publications. ISBN 978-81-7033-859-8 .
^ Plumtree, James (2021). "A CONTEMPORARY MANASCHI IN ORAL PERFORMANCE AND IN PRINT" (PDF) . Филологические науки (ALATOO ACADEMIC STUDIES) . 82 (1).
^ Halman, Talât Sait; Warner, Jayne L. (2008). İbrahim the Mad and Other Plays . Syracuse University Press. pp. xiii–xiv. ISBN 9780815608974 .
^ "Сэсен" (in Russian). 2023.
^ Turgenbayeva, A. Sh; Zhanabayev, K.; Bozhbanbayev, B. M. (2016). "The role of spiritual leader, zhyrau, in harmonization of nomadic society of the 15th-18th centuries" . Вестник КазНУ. Серия философии, культурологии и политологии . 57 (3): 197–200. ISSN 1563-0277 .
^ Alpysbaeva, K. B. (2022). "THE PLACE OF ZHYRAU POETRY IN LITERATURE" (PDF) . "Keruen" Scientific Journal . 74 (1).
^ P. Grochowski, Dziady. Rzecz o wędrownych żebrakach i ich pieśniach , Toruń 2009.
^ MacKillop, James (2004). Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology . Oxford University Press . ISBN 0-19-860967-1 .
^ McKendry, Eugene. "Study Ireland:An Introduction to Storytelling, Myths and Legends" (PDF) . BBC Northern Ireland.
^ Clark, Geoffrey; Leclerc, Mathieu; Parton, Phillip; Reepmeyer, Christian; Grono, Elle; Burley, David (2020-03-01). "Royal funerals, ritual stones and participatory networks in the maritime Tongan state" . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology . 57 : 101115. doi :10.1016/j.jaa.2019.101115 . ISSN 0278-4165 .
^ Latukefu, Sione (1968). "Oral Traditions: An Appraisal of Their Value in Historical Research in Tonga" . The Journal of Pacific History . 3 : 135–143. doi :10.1080/00223346808572130 . ISSN 0022-3344 . JSTOR 25167942 .