Dehydratases are a group of lyase enzymes that form double and triple bonds in a substrate through the removal of water.[1] They can be found in many places including the mitochondria, peroxisome and cytosol.[2] There are more than 150 different dehydratase enzymes[3] that are classified into four groups. Dehydratases can act on hydroxyacyl-CoA with or without cofactors, and some have a metal and non-metal cluster act as their active site.[citation needed]
Pathology
editA dehydratase deficiency in the body can lead to a less severe condition of hyperphenylalaninemia, which involves an over presence of phenylalanine in the blood. It is caused by a genetic recessive disorder in the autosomal DNA.[4]
Examples
editCommon dehydratases include:
- Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ADA-D) is found in blood and is involved in the production of the heme group of globins.[5] People exposed to lead will have a decrease in ADA-D activity.[6]
- Serine dehydratase is mostly found in the liver and catalyzes the reaction of turning serine into pyruvate and ammonia. In a diet of increased protein, the activity of serine dehydratase is increased.[7]
- Arogenate dehydratase is found mostly in the chloroplasts of higher plants. It catalyzes the reaction of turning L-arogenate into L-phenylalanine.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Dehydratase". The Free Dictionary.
- ^ Cook L, Nagi MN, Suneja SK, Hand AR, Cinti DL (October 1992). "Evidence that beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase purified from rat liver microsomes is of peroxisomal origin". The Biochemical Journal. 287 ( Pt 1) (Pt 1): 91–100. doi:10.1042/bj2870091. PMC 1133128. PMID 1417796.
- ^ "ENZYME: 4.2.1.-". enzyme.expasy.org. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
- ^ "Dehydratase deficiency". Orphanet. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
- ^ "ALAD gene". Genetics Home Reference. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
- ^ Burch HB, Siegel AL (October 1971). "Improved Method for Measurement of delta-Aminolevulinic Acid DehydrataseActivity of Human Erythrocytes". Clinical Chemistry. 17 (10): 1038–41. doi:10.1093/clinchem/17.10.1038. PMID 4328740.
- ^ Mauron J, Mottu F, Spohr G (January 1973). "Reciprocal Induction and Repression of Serine Dehydratase and Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase by Proteins and Dietary-Essential Amino Acids in Rat Liver". European Journal of Biochemistry. 32 (2): 331–42. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02614.x. PMID 4347092.
- ^ Jung E, Zamir LO, Jensen RA (October 1986). "Chloroplasts of higher plants synthesize L-phenylalanine via L-arogenate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (19): 7231–5. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.7231J. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7231. PMC 386689. PMID 3463961.
External links
edit- Dehydratases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
 | This enzyme-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |