Chebyshev rational functions

In mathematics, the Chebyshev rational functions are a sequence of functions which are both rational and orthogonal. They are named after Pafnuty Chebyshev. A rational Chebyshev function of degree n is defined as:

Plot of the Chebyshev rational functions for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 for 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 100, log scale.

where Tn(x) is a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.

Properties

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Many properties can be derived from the properties of the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Other properties are unique to the functions themselves.

Recursion

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Differential equations

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Orthogonality

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Plot of the absolute value of the seventh-order (n = 7) Chebyshev rational function for 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 100. Note that there are n zeroes arranged symmetrically about x = 1 and if x0 is a zero, then 1/x0 is a zero as well. The maximum value between the zeros is unity. These properties hold for all orders.

Defining:

 

The orthogonality of the Chebyshev rational functions may be written:

 

where cn = 2 for n = 0 and cn = 1 for n ≥ 1; δnm is the Kronecker delta function.

Expansion of an arbitrary function

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For an arbitrary function f(x) ∈ L2
ω
the orthogonality relationship can be used to expand f(x):

 

where

 

Particular values

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Partial fraction expansion

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References

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  • Guo, Ben-Yu; Shen, Jie; Wang, Zhong-Qing (2002). "Chebyshev rational spectral and pseudospectral methods on a semi-infinite interval" (PDF). Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 53 (1): 65–84. Bibcode:2002IJNME..53...65G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.121.6069. doi:10.1002/nme.392. S2CID 9208244. Retrieved 2006-07-25.