Arisaema stewardsonii is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae.[2] It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name stewardsonii honors American botanist Stewardson Brown (1867–1921). It is commonly known as the bog Jack-in-the-pulpit (or bog Jack). It is sometimes referred to as the swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit, not to be confused with Arisaema pusillum, which is also known by that name.
| Arisaema stewardsonii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | Arisaema |
| Species: | A. stewardsonii
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| Binomial name | |
| Arisaema stewardsonii Britton[1]
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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A. stewardsonii
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Description edit
Arisaema stewardsonii is a herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant growing from a corm. Like other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has three leaflets per leaf. Its spathe tube is strongly fluted (ridged), the only member of the complex with this distinctive character.[3]
Taxonomy edit
Arisaema stewardsonii was first described and named by Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1901.[1] Earlier that year, its type specimen was collected in Tannersville, Pennsylvania by Stewardson Brown, Eugene Pintard Bicknell, and Britton.[4] The author referred to the type as Stewardson Brown's Indian turnip.[5]
Arisaema stewardsonii is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa that also includes Arisaema acuminatum, Arisaema pusillum, Arisaema quinatum, and Arisaema triphyllum. As of March 2023[update], some authorities consider Arisaema stewardsonii to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum or A. triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii.[6][7][8] However, most authorities accept Arisaema stewardsonii and the other species-level members of the complex.[3][9][10][11]
Distribution and habitat edit
Arisaema stewardsonii was originally found in eastern Pennsylvania growing in wet woods among Sphagnum mosses,[5] hence the name bog Jack-in-the-pulpit. It occurs primarily in the northeastern United States and the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada,[2][7][12] ranging southward to the mountains in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina,[13] and westward to Ohio. Being the most northern taxon of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it is sometimes called the northern Jack-in-the-pulpit.[14]
Conservation edit
The global conservation status of Arisaema stewardsonii is unknown. Based on the conservation status of Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii,[12] it may be inferred that Arisaema stewardsonii is globally secure (G5). It is uncommon (or worse) in North Carolina (S3), Ohio (S3), District of Columbia (S1S3), and New Jersey (S2).
References edit
- ^ a b "Arisaema stewardsonii Britton". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ a b c "Arisaema stewardsonii Britton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ a b Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2022), pp. 180–1.
- ^ "Isotype of Arisaema stewardsonii Britton [family Araceae]". JSTOR Global Plants. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ a b Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1901), Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada, New York: Henry Holt and Company, p. 1045, retrieved 2 February 2023
- ^ Thompson, Sue A. (2000). "Arisaema triphyllum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 22. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 3 February 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. stewardsonii (Britton) Huttleston". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ "Arisaema Mart.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ "Bog Jack-in-the-pulpit - Arisaema stewardsonii Britton". Vascular Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina Biodiversity Project. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ "Arisaema". Tennessee-Kentucky Plant Atlas. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ "Arisaema stewardsonii Britton". Flora of the Southeastern United States (2022 Edition). Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ "Arisaema stewardsonii". NameThatPlant.net: Native and Naturalized Plants of the Carolinas & Georgia. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
Bibliography edit
- Huttleston, Donald G. (1949). "The three subspecies of Arisaema triphyllum". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 76 (6): 407–413. doi:10.2307/2482333. JSTOR 2482333.
- Huttleston, Donald G. (1981). "The four subspecies of Arisaema triphyllum". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 108 (4): 479–481. doi:10.2307/2484449. JSTOR 2484449.
- Treiber, Miklos (1980). Biosystematics of the Arisaema triphyllum complex (PhD). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
- Weakley, Alan S.; Southeastern Flora Team (2022). "Flora of the southeastern United States". University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden.
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