Zygaena erythrus, common name sluggish burnet, is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae.
| Zygaena erythrus | |
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| Zygaena erythrus, dorsal view | |
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| Lateral view | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Zygaenidae |
| Genus: | Zygaena |
| Species: | Z. erythrus
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| Binomial name | |
| Zygaena erythrus (Hubner, 1806)
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Subspecies edit
- Zygaena erythrus erythrus
- Zygaena erythrus actae Burgeff, 1926
- Zygaena erythrus miserrima Verity, 1922
- Zygaena erythrus saportae Boisduval, 1829
Distribution and habitat edit
This endangered species can be found only in France and Italy.[1][3] It prefers dry and rocky areas with sparse vegetation and limestone substrate, but it is also present in heathlands, in nutrient-poor grasslands and in broad verges in oak forests with the host plant Eryngium species, from sea level to over 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).[1][4]
Description edit
Zygaena erythrus has a wingspan of 25–33 mm.[5] These quite large moths show enlarged and confluent red spots on the forewings, surrounded by black in the distal part. Females are little bigger than males, with a yellow golden dusting and less defined markings. The mature larva is rather dark greyish, with two series of dorsal black spots.[6]
This species is very similar to Zygaena purpuralis, but it has red scales in the axillary area of the forewings, up to a third of the length.[4]
Technical description and variation (Seitz) edit
Z. erythrus Hbn. (= saportae Boisd.; minos Boisd.) (4a). Larger; antenna longer, with thicker club. The red colour of forewing restncted to 3 streaks , the distal one being wedge-shaped ; moreover, only the basal third of the hindmargin of forewing is red. South France, Italy and Sicily. In ab. irpina Zickert, from the Riviera, the cuneiform spots are confluent. — As magna [Seitz, [1907] ] (4 a) a very large form from the Abruzzi is sold by Staudinger; the posterior cuneiform spot is strongly widened and distally straight-truncate.— Larva dull greenish yellow, witli heavy black dots subdorsally and yellow side-spots (Sapokta); in some districts not distinguishable from the larva of purpuralis. On Eryngium and Thyme (Rouast). Hibernating; pupation at end of May. Imago in June and July; frequently sitting on Thyme and Eryngium.[7]
Biology edit
The life cycle involves only one generation per year.[6] Adults are on wing from the end of June to the beginning or mid August.[8] The hatching occurs between June and July.[6] The larvae feed on Eryngium species,[9] including Eryngium campestre[1] and Eryngium maritimum.[2] Full-grown larvae can be found from June. Pupation occurs within a cocoon usually adherent to the lower surface of the leaves,[6] but also on the ground between lichens, moss and parts of plants.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Zygaena at funet
- ^ a b lepiforum.de
- ^ and Slovenia Fauna Europaea
- ^ a b Natura Mediterraneo
- ^ Nature of Italy
- ^ a b c d Treknature
- ^ Seitz, A., 1913, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 6: 22.,The Macrolepidoptera of the Palearctic Fauna 2. Volume: The Palearctic Bombyces & Sphinges. pdf
- ^ a b Schmetterlinge und ihre Ökologie
- ^ Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
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