Zhengtong (simplified Chinese: 正统; traditional Chinese: 正統; pinyin: Zhèngtǒng; Wade–Giles: Cheng-t'sung; lit. 'right governance'; 18 January 1436 – 13 January 1450) was the era name (nianhao) of Emperor Yingzong, the sixth emperor of the Ming dynasty, during his first reign, lasting for 14 years.
On 1 September 1449 (Zhengtong 14, 15th day of the 8th month), Emperor Yingzong was captured at the Tumu Crisis. On 6 September (6th day of the 9th month), the Jingtai Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Zhengtong era name. The following year, the era was changed to Jingtai.[1][2]
Comparison table edit
| Zhengtong | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1436 | 1437 | 1438 | 1439 | 1440 | 1441 | 1442 | 1443 | 1444 | 1445 |
| Sexagenary cycle | Bǐngchén (丙辰) | Dīngsì (丁巳) | Wùwǔ (戊午) | Jǐwèi (己未) | Gēngshēn (庚申) | Xīnyǒu (辛酉) | Rénxū (壬戌) | Guǐhài (癸亥) | Jiǎzǐ (甲子) | Yǐchǒu (乙丑) |
| Zhengtong | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||||||
| AD | 1446 | 1447 | 1448 | 1449 | ||||||
| Sexagenary cycle | Bǐngyín (丙寅) | Dīngmǎo (丁卯) | Wùchén (戊辰) | Jǐsì (己巳) |
Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period edit
- China
- Taiding (泰定, 1448–1449): Ming period—era name of Chen Jianhu
- Dongyang (東陽, 1449–1450): Ming period—era name of Huang Xiaoyang (黃蕭養)
- Vietnam
- Thiệu Bình (紹平, 1434–1439): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thái Tông
- Đại Bảo (大寶, 1440–1442): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Thái Tông
- Đại Hòa (大和) or Thái Hòa (太和) (1443–1453): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Nhân Tông
- Japan
- Eikyō (永享, 1429–1441): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono
- Kakitsu (嘉吉, 1441–1444): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono
- Bun'an (文安, 1444–1449): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono
- Hōtoku (宝徳, 1449–1452): era name of Emperor Go-Hanazono
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Li, Chongzhi (December 2004). 中國歷代年號考 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p. 206. ISBN 978-7-101-02512-5.
- ^ History of Ming, Volume 11:〔正統十四年〕九月癸未，王即皇帝位，遙尊皇帝為太上皇帝，以明年為景泰元年。
Bibliography edit
- Li, Chongzhi (December 2004). 中國歷代年號考 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. ISBN 7101025129.
- Deng, Hongbo (March 2005). 東亞歷史年表 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures. ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2021.