Yevgeny Nikolayevich Avrorin (Russian: Евгений Николаевич Aврорин, 11 July 1932– 9 January 2018), D.N, was a Russian physicist whose career was spent in the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons.
Yevgeny Avrorin | |
|---|---|
Евгений Аврорин | |
 Avrorin in 2014 | |
| Born | 11 July 1932 |
| Died | 9 January 2018 (aged 85) |
| Citizenship |  Russia |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University |
| Known for | Soviet atomic bomb project |
| Awards |  Lenin Prize (1987) Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1956) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | VNIIEF |
| Thesis | RDS-37 (1974) |
Biography
editAvrorin was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg in Russia), on 11 July 1932.: 397 [1] In 1949, he went to study physics at the Leningrad University and later the University of Kharkiv in Ukraine.: 397 [1] In 1952, his family return to Moscow and he went to attend the Moscow State University, and graduate with specialist degree in physics in 1954–55.: 398 [1] In 1956, he began preparing his thesis based on RDS-37 studies and was awarded the Doktor Nauk (Russian PhD) on 7 March 1974.: 475, 557 [1]
Avrorin was directed to KB-11 ('Design Bureau-11), now called All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF)) in the closed city of Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region. There he worked on the Soviet hydrogen bomb programme. In 1955, he joined the new NII-1011 (Research Institute-1011, presently the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF)) at another closed city, Snezhinsk (or Chelyabinsk-70). In 1956 and 1957, he performed unique experiments to find out why the RDS-37 exploded fractionally before modelled expectations, a result which implied a lack of knowledge of materials and conditions. During remainder of his career there, he became Head of the Theoretical Physics Department in 1964, the Head of Theoretical Physics Division in 1974 and the Scientific Director in 1985, a role he retained until 2007. From 1996 to 1998, he was also the overall Director.[2][3][4][5]
In addition to his work on many nuclear weapons, he was also known for investigating nuclear explosives for civilian usage (e.g. potentially for mining copper), device designs with very low radiation output and deuterium power engineering. He wrote about the modern challenges to the closed cities whose industries are (largely) no longer required since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He became the chair of the Snezhinsk branch of the Russian Pugwash committee and was involved in international discussions about science diplomacy and confidence-building for international security.[2][6][7]
He died after a long illness.[5]
External links
edit
Awards
edit- 1956: Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- 1987: Order of Lenin
- 1988: Veteran of Labour
- 1997: 300th Anniversary of the Russian Fleet medal
- 1999: V.P. Makeyev Prize
- 1999, 2006: Order For Service to Homeland (3rd class, 2nd class)
- 2012: Demidov Prize
- 2013: Kurchatov Medal
References
edit- ^ a b c d "ЕВГЕНИЙ АВРОРИН" (PDF). vniitf.ru (in Russian). Sarov, Russia. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ a b Gubarev, Vladimir (2015). "The Mysterious World of Explosions" (PDF). V Mire Nauki. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Goncharov, G.A. (1996). "American and Soviet H-bomb development programmes: historical background" (PDF). Physics-Uspekhi. 39 (10): 1033–1044. doi:10.1070/pu1996v039n10abeh000174. S2CID 250861572. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ "Top Russian nuclear weapons designer Avrorin dies". Associated Press News. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Russian theoretical physicist Yevgeny Avrorin passes away at 85". tass.com. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ "Reykjavik to New START: Science Diplomacy for Nuclear Security in the 21st Century". nationalacademies.org. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Reppy, Judith, ed. (1998). Conversion of Military R & D: Conversion Problems of Russian Nuclear Weapons Centers. London: Palgrave Macmillan.