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Yang Huiyu (214[1] – c.July 278[2]), formally known as Empress Jingxian, semi-formally known as Empress Dowager Hongxun (弘訓太后), was an empress dowager of the Jin dynasty of China. She was the third wife of Sima Shi, a regent of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period. Her father, Yang Chai (羊茝),[3] was the commandery administrator of Shangdang, while her mother was a daughter of the Han dynasty historian and musician Cai Yong.[4] Her younger full brother was Yang Hu, a military general who served under the Jin dynasty.
| Yang Huiyu 羊徽瑜 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress dowager of the Jin Dynasty | |||||
| Tenure | 266–278 | ||||
| Born | 214 | ||||
| Died | 278 (aged 64) | ||||
| Spouse | Sima Shi | ||||
| |||||
| Father | Yang Chen | ||||
| Mother | Lady Cai | ||||
Life
editIn 234, Sima Shi's first wife Xiahou Hui died. Later, Sima Shi married another noblewoman (a daughter of Wu Zhi), but he soon divorced her. He eventually married Yang Huiyu, because she was a politicized, talented, intelligent and generous woman.
Yang Huiyu did not have any sons with Sima Shi – who did not have any sons with his prior wives or concubines either. As a result, his brother Sima Zhao became the regent after his death. After Sima Zhao's death, his son Sima Yan usurped the throne from the last Cao Wei emperor Cao Huan and established the Jin dynasty. In recognition of his uncle's contribution, he honoured Yang Huiyu as an empress dowager in 266 and housed her in Hongxun Palace (which is why she was semi-formally known as Empress Dowager Hongxun). It was said that it was at her insistence that Emperor Wu also posthumously honoured Sima Shi's first wife, Xiahou Hui, as Empress Jinghuai.[5] She died in c.July 278 at the age of 65 (by East Asian age reckoning) and was buried with honours due an empress beside Sima Shi on 27 August 278[6].
Family
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ According to Lady Yang's biography in Book of Jin, she was 65 (By East Asian reckoning) when she died. (咸宁四年，太后崩，时年六十五，...) Jin Shu, vol.31. Thus by calculation, her birth year should be 214.
- ^ According to Sima Yan's biography in Book of Jin, Lady Yang died in the 6th month of the 4th year of the Xian'ning era of his reign. The month corresponds to 7 Jul to 5 Aug 278 on the Julian calendar. ([咸宁四年]六月...。弘训皇后羊氏崩。) Jin Shu, vol.03
- ^ This name appeared in Lady Yang's biography in volume 31 of Jin Shu. Yang Hu's biography in volume 34 of Jin Shu listed their father's name as Yang Dao (羊衜).
- ^ (父茞，上党太守；后母陈留蔡氏，汉左中郎将邕之女也。) Jin Shu, vol.31
- ^ (武帝登阼，初未追崇，弘训太后每以为言，泰始二年始加号谥。) Jin Shu, vol.31
- ^ ([咸宁四年]秋七月己丑，祔葬景献皇后羊氏于峻平陵。) Jin Shu, vol.03.
- Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu).