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William Jay Schieffelin

William Jay Schieffelin ( New York City, April 14, 1866 – April 29, 1955), was an American businessman and philanthropist.[1]

William Jay Schieffelin
William Jay Schieffelin in 1894
Born(1866-04-14)April 14, 1866
New York City, New York, U.S.
DiedApril 29, 1955(1955-04-29) (aged 89)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Burial placeVanderbilt Family Cemetery and Mausoleum
EducationColumbia School of Mines, 1887
Spouse(s)Maria Louise Shepard, 1891
Children9, including William Jay Schieffelin Jr., John Jay Schieffelin, Bayard Schieffelin
Parent(s)William Henry Schieffelin
Mary Jay
RelativesJay (surname)
Schieffelin family
Vanderbilt family
Signature

Early life edit

William Jay Schieffelin was the first son of William Henry Schieffelin and Mary Jay Schieffelin.[2]

William’s mother was the daughter of John Jay, who was the grandson of John Jay. His paternal ancestors were Jacob Schieffelin and Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin.[3]

Personal life edit

 
Maria Louise Shepard, daughter of Colonel Elliott Fitch Shepard and Margaret Louisa (Vanderbilt) Shepard in 1892. She married William Jay Schieffelin in 1891.

William Jay Schieffelin married Maria Louise Shepard, eldest daughter of Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard and Elliott Fitch Shepard, in 1891. The wedding of Maria Louise and William was a highly social event and reflected the splendor of the Gilded Age.[4] The wedding took place at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church and in the grand picture gallery of William Vanderbilt’s double villa at Fifth Avenue.

 
Margaret Schieffelin & Louise, Bayard & Elliot, four of their nine children in 1910.

The couple had nine children: William Jay,[5] Margaret Louisa, Mary Jay, John Jay,[6] Louise,[7] Bayard,[8] Elliott, Barbara,[9] and Henry.

 
Schieffelin house on 5 East 66th Street in Manhattan, east of Fifth Avenue. The building is owned by the Lotos Club since 1947.
 
The Schieffelin family sailing around 1910. Maria Louise Shepard Schieffelin, William Jay Schieffelin, and their children.
 
"Pa & Ma and the Nine. 1923." Maria Louise Shepard Schieffelin, William Jay Schieffelin, and their nine children. 1923. Tranquility Farm on Schieffelin Point Peninsula, Maine.
 
William Jay Schieffelin around 1893

The family lived on 5 East 66th Street (the building is owned by the Lotos Club since 1947) and moved to 620 Park Avenue in 1925. They also had an estate on Schieffelin Point peninsula in Maine.

Military service edit

During the Spanish-American War in 1898, William Jay Schieffelin served as a volunteer captain and regimental adjutant of the 12th Regiment of the National Guard.[10]

In 1898 President McKinley called for volunteers for the war with Spain. In August 1898, William Jay Schieffelin served as senior aide on the staff of General Peter Conover Hains. It happened that the Adjutant General of the Division was ill, and William Jay Schieffelin had to act as Adjutant General for some time. General Hains was given command of one of the brigades and he asked William Jay Schieffelin to stay with him. The three regiments of the brigade were the 4th Ohio, the 4th Pennsylvania, and the 3rd Illinois.[11]

First General Hains’ brigade was ordered to Newport News to take ship for Cuba, but then the orders were changed, and the brigade was on a transport for Puerto Rico. The ship was commanded by Captain Sigsbee. It anchored three miles offshore from the port of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. The ship was firing three-inch shells because a troop of Spanish Cavalry had been observed on the beach, but they soon retired. The brigade swarmed on the shore with no opposition. When the brigade entered Guayama, the citizens greeted them with cheers, waving of handkerchiefs, towels, and sheets.[11]

On August 13, 1898, General Miles had ordered an advance against the Spanish forces that were entrenched at Cayey, Puerto Rico. General Hains commanded the column that was to attack the left flank. A total of twelve hundred men forming the 4th Ohio Regiment were on site. The battle was halted upon notification of the armistice between the United States and Spain. A Protocol of Peace had been signed and the column was returned to Guayama.[11]

When he was in Puerto Rico, William Jay Schieffelin was affected by the Army beef scandal, because the troops in the field were supplied with rancid canned meat. His weight had become reduced from 174 lbs. to 124 lbs., and it took him four months to regain his strength after the war. William Jay Schieffelin was on the way home on the transport "City of Chester".[11]

 
William Jay Schieffelin Colonel of the 15th New York Infantry, World War I.

In World War I, 1918, Governor Whitman commissioned William Jay Schieffelin Colonel of the 15th New York Infantry, the (mainly) African American replacement regiment of Colonel William Hayward, 369th Infantry, U.S. Army, which served gloriously in the American Expeditionary Forces in France, where the whole regiment was awarded the Croix de Guerre. The 369th Infantry Regiment was commonly referred to as the Harlem Hellfighters.[11]

William Jay Schieffelin was involved in organizing the Memorial Day parade in 1919. He had recruited 800 men and was presiding at an officers’ meeting, when the orders for the parade were handed to him. He ensured that the 15th Infantry regiment was the second in line of parade, and it went up Riverside Drive amid cheers, marched to Central Park and finally paraded through Harlem.[11]

Career edit

William Jay Schieffelin attended Trinity School in Manhattan.

He received further education at the Columbia School of Mines, where he graduated as Ph.B. and member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1887. At Columbia he studied chemistry under Professor Charles F. Chandler.[11]

 
William Jay Schieffelin Passport Application to study abroad in Europe, 1887.
 
William Jay Schieffelin Ph.D.

He then studied for two years at the University of Munich with Professor von Baeyer and received his Ph.D. in chemistry cum laude in 1889.[12][10]

Schieffelin & Co edit

 
William Jay Schieffelin in 1925.

Back in Manhattan, William Jay Schieffelin had been a partner in Schieffelin & Co since 1890, its vice president since 1903, its president 1906–1923 and its chairman of board 1923–1929.[10][11] He managed Schieffelin & Co in the 5th generation after Jacob Schieffelin (1757–1835), who founded the company in 1794 (then Lawrence & Schieffelin, Pharma-Trade, at 195 Pearl Street in Manhattan).[3][13] Schieffelin & Co was America's longest-running pharmaceutical business.

In 1889, William Jay Schieffelin began work in the analytical department of Schieffelin & Co and the company's laboratory, which was on Front Street in Manhattan. His routine work was assaying opium and coca leaves and standardizing concentrated Ethyl nitrite. At that time cocaine was in large demand for local anesthesia, and Schieffelin & Co imported large quantities of coca leaves from Bolivia and Peru, and became the leading manufacturers of the hydrochloride.[11]

Committee work and social commitment edit

William Jay Schieffelin's social commitment extended to many associations and institutions:

Drug Act of 1906 edit

In 1906, Congress formed a committee to clarify why the United States had a problem with addictive substances in pharmaceutical products, and how this problem could be avoided. William Jay Schieffelin was summoned as an expert before Congress to contribute to the clarification. The statements of William Jay Schieffelin and other experts led to a tightening of drug laws in the USA.[32] The Pure Food and Drug Act was enacted by Congress in 1906.

Volunteer Christian Committee to Boycott Nazi Germany edit

On January 9, 1939, the Volunteer Christian Committee to Boycott Nazi Germany (VCC), led by Christopher Temple Emmet, Jr., (Secretary) and William Jay Schieffelin (Chairman), was founded by sixty prominent Americans. The Committee waged a campaign for many months, chiefly through newspaper advertising, calling upon Christians to augment the boycott already in effect by American Jews. In March 1939, William Jay Schieffelin asked William Green to link up the American Federation of Labor with the VCC to strengthen America’s anti-Nazi boycott movement. But Green declined. Later, Schieffelin merged his group with others to form the Coordinated Boycott Committee, which continued operations until shortly before America’s entry into World War II.[11][33]

France Forever edit

On December 20, 1940, one year before Pearl Harbor, France Forever called a public meeting at Carnegie Hall, and William Jay Schieffelin was asked to speak, representing the Huguenot Society. There where 3,000 people inside the hall, and William managed to be the second speaker. Though his speech was short, he wanted to have it in the newspapers. The crowd liked what he said and soon were applauding and even cheering. The Associated Press gave William’s message two-thirds of the space devoted to the meeting under the heading, ”Soldier Demands That the Slogan ‘Short of War’ be changed to ‘Short of Nothing.’” In his speech William Jay Schieffelin said, ”It is high time to discard that slogan ’Short of War’ which was put in political platforms to placate the isolationists and the pacifists. It is a cowardly slogan encouraging Hitler and Japan, saying we will not stand up like men and fight, even when our National safety and most cherished beliefs are threatened. We must stop Hitler ’Short of nothing’.”[11][34]

League to Enforce Peace (1915), Federal Union, Inc. (1941), World Federation (1943) edit

Clarence Streit’s book "Union Now" (published in 1939) made a deep impression nationally and internationally, so the Federal Union Inc., of which William Jay Schieffelin was New York’s chairman, gave a dinner for the Uniting States of the World at the Waldorf Astoria on January 22, 1941.[11][35]

 
People in the League to Enforce Peace, 1916.

For William Jay Schieffelin, this was the culmination of a movement begun in 1915, called "League to Enforce Peace" of which former President William Howard Taft was the Chairman. President Lowell of Harvard was chairman of the Executive Committee, which was formed of the chairmen of the various State committees (nearly thirty). William Jay Schieffelin was chairman from New York and met with the committee twice a year in May and November. According to William Jay Schieffelin, “Mr. Taft performed heroic service by speaking at great meetings throughout the country and created a strong desire among his hearers that our country should join the League of Nations with power to enforce peace.”[11]

According to William Jay Schieffelin the United States “would have joined the League of Nations had it not been for the six willful men in the Senate and Mr. Taft had almost brought them to making concessions, which President Wilson would accept, when the latter became obstinate and obdurate and the opportunity was lost.” In William’s opinion, the result of the United States never joining the League of Nations was “tragic”.[11]

During the campaign for World Government, William Jay Schieffelin and his wife hosted a lunch party, which they gave in honor of Robert Lee Humber, a co‐founder of the United World Federalists organization, who was waging for a United World, patterned after the United States. They invited Emery Reves, author of The Anatomy of Peace. In 1943, the New York State Committee For World Federation was founded and William Jay Schieffelin was appointed Chairman. After an intensive campaign, lasting about five months, the Legislature of the State of New York passed a resolution, which declared its conviction that an international organization of all nations is an essential condition of the peace. Thus, the State Legislature repudiated isolationism and aggregated worldwide cooperation. The resolution supported US efforts to join the United Nations.[11]

African Americans edit

William Jay Schieffelin was an advocate for the rights and social progress of African Americans. He was president of the New York Armstrong Association (named after Samuel Chapman Armstrong). The Association was formed as a vehicle to support the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, an all-black agricultural and vocational institution in Hampton, Virginia and to engage with matters of African American uplift. He also served on the Board of Trustees of the Hampton Institute. Simultaneously, William Jay Schieffelin served forty years on the Tuskegee Board, which he chaired for twenty-three years. Schieffelin opened the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture at Carnegie Hall in 1906. During his years on the Tuskegee Board, he went to Tuskegee once or twice a year regularly. There he met Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver. He knew Carver for about twenty years and visited Carver’s agricultural laboratories to admire amazing products Carver had obtained. William Jay Schieffelin was at Tuskegee in Alabama when the Scottsboro Case happened. When the Scottsboro Defense Committee was formed, he was appointed treasurer.[11]

Politics and connections with the Roosevelt family edit

The City Club was founded in 1892. William Jay Schieffelin served as chairman of the membership committee and secured 400 members. The members of the City Club and other independent leaders formed Good Government Clubs in many of the city districts. First target of the City Club was Tammany Hall. In 1896 mayor Strong appointed William Jay Schieffelin as Civil Service Commissioner in New York City. In 1897 City Club helped organize Citizens Union of which William Jay Schieffelin was president from 1908 to 1941. The club's mission was not only to fight corruption, but also to generally improve the quality of life in the city, especially to preserve Central Park. In 1924 William Jay Schieffelin proposed banning cars from Central Park. William Jay Schieffelin organized the Committee of One Thousand to remove mayor James J. Walker from office. His complaints against mayor Walker at the hearings led to the mayor’s resignation.[27][11][28][25][26][36][37][38][39]

William Jay Schieffelin knew Carl Schurz very well and admired him. In the 1890s Schieffelin lived at Scarborough which was close to Schurz’ home at Pocantico Hills. He once visited Schurz there, and they talked about Good Government topics.[11][40][41]

In 1906 William Jay Schieffelin went to the White House at Theodore Roosevelt’s invitation to discuss race relations. He disagreed with the way Roosevelt treated the African American soldiers at Brownsville.[11]

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s mother, Sara Roosevelt, was a good friend of William's mother, Mary Jay Schieffelin. The Roosevelts lived nearby on East 65th Street. Sara Roosevelt and William and his wife went to meetings or social gatherings like the Thursday Evening Club, the Hampton meetings, and interracial meetings. Sara Roosevelt often had concerts at her house where she was introducing young foreign musicians.[11]

William Jay Schieffelin had frequently met Eleanor Roosevelt at the Interrelation meetings (United Nations). He had known Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt for about thirty years and admired her commitment to humanity.[11][42][24]

William Jay Schieffelin was a (Lincoln) Republican, but he came out in support of Franklin D. Roosevelt and voted for him on the American Labor Party Line in 1940.[11]

Social Network edit

Andrew Carnegie edit

William Jay Schieffelin knew Andrew Carnegie very well. They were both supporters of the Tuskegee University and African American education. William characterized Carnegie as follows: “Carnegie had a sense of humor, and he had a tremendous interest in education, but he was very emphatic against the church. He was apparently an agnostic and an atheist … He, of course, was appealed to constantly, and he was patient and sympathetic.”[11]

J. Pierpont Morgan edit

William Jay Schieffelin knew J. Pierpont Morgan very well, because both were active in St. George Church. Morgan was a senior warden and held meetings at his house on Madison Avenue. William ran into some exhibitions of Morgan’s temper. Once he went to Morgan’s office and said: “I want to talk to you about Civil Service Reform.” Morgan replied: “What do I care about civil service reform!” – William described J. P. Morgan as a masterful man, and that Morgan’s employees had tremendous respect for his knowledge, his sagacity as to investments and as to money policy. However, William also thought that Morgan sometimes missed out in his investing, especially in his later years.[11]

Joint Board of Sanitary Control edit

Because William Jay Schieffelin was Chairman of the Citizens Union, other opportunities of service occurred from time to time. One was the Chairmanship of the Joint Board of Sanitary Control in the Needlework Industry. In 1910 the cloakmakers, numbering nearly 80,000 men and women, struck against intolerable conditions existing in sweatshops. Their leader was Joseph Barondess. The strike lasted for months. The Union had no funds and when in the Autumn the manufacturers gave in, the workers were literally starving. William Jay Schieffelin presided at a great mass meeting in the hall of the Cooper Union, and he could never forget how ghastly the crowd looked. Able men representing employers and the Union drew up an agreement called the protocol, which established a body called the Joint Board of Sanitary Control, to adopt standards to safeguard the health and safety of the workers.[11][43][44][45]

The Board was composed of seven people, three representing the public, two representing the employers, and two representing the labor union. The lawyers, who drafted the protocol were: Louis D. Brandeis from Boston, Meyer London, Morris Hillquit and Julius Henry Cohen. The three representatives of the public on the Board were: Lillian D. Wald, head of the Henry Street Settlement; Henry Moskowitz, head of the Madison Street settlement; and William Jay Schieffelin, head of the Citizens Union.[11]

The Joint Board of Sanitary Control gradually adopted a series of 29 standards, which to a large extent, abolished the sweatshops and provided decent sanitary conditions, proper ventilation, ample lighting, and adequate access to the fire escapes, and, in general, common-sense requirements. These standards became the foundation for the immense improvement throughout the Needlework Industry, which today cares for the health of its workers and has been notably free from strikes.[11]

William Jay Schieffelin knew Judge Louis Brandeis. Brandeis came down to New York City from Boston before he was on the Supreme Court and outlined a protocol, as it was called, which ended the Cloakmakers’ Strike in 1910. William Jay Schieffelin was impressed with the sympathetic attitude of Brandeis. He said that Brandeis “was a very able lawyer but before that he was a humanitarian. I found that the great Jews are great humanists, like Barney Baruch, Judge Brandeis, and Meyer London, very fine characters.”[11]

Death edit

William Jay Schieffelin died on April 29, 1955, six years after his wife Maria Louise.

References edit

  1. ^ Scheufele, Michael (2022). Jacob Scheuffelin, currently in Pennsylvania … Five Hundred Years of the Schieffelin Family. wbg Academic in Herder. pp. 145–156. ISBN 978-3534450060.
  2. ^ "John Jay Homestead • Mary Jay Schieffelin". johnjayhomestead.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  3. ^ a b Lukesh, Susan S. (October 2, 2012). "Jacob Schieffelin (1757-1835)". Immigrant Entrepreneurship. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  4. ^ "Maria Louise Vanderbilt Shepard". Ephemeral New York. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  5. ^ Prial, Frank J. (1985-05-03). "WILLIAM JAY SCHIEFFELIN JR., 94, IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  6. ^ "John J. Schieffelin, 89, Dies; Led English-Speaking Union". The New York Times. 1987-05-28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  7. ^ "A.S. HEWITT TO WED MISS SCHIEFFELIN; Late Mayor's Grandson Is Engaged to Daughter of Mr. andMrs. Wm. Jay Schieffelin.UNION OF NOTED FAMILIES Bride-to-Be Is Great-Great-Granddaughter of John Jay and Com. Cornelius Vanderbilt". The New York Times. 1922-06-27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  8. ^ "Bayard Schieffelin, 85, An Ex-Library Official". The New York Times. 1989-04-07. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  9. ^ Stage, Photo by Mrs W. Burden (1930-09-30). "MISS SCHIEFELIN ENGAGED TO MARRY; Her Troth to C.I.C. Bosanquet Told by Her Parents, Mr. and Mrs. William J. Schieffelin. BOTH OF NOTED ANCESTRY Fiancee, a Kin of John Jay, Has Been a Research Worker--Her Fiance a London Banker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Schieffelin, William Jay (1866-1955) · Jane Addams Digital Edition". digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Jay Schieffelin, William; Albertson, Dean (1949). "Reminiscences of William Jay Schieffelin (1949), page 1–132, Oral History Experiment, Oral History Archives at Columbia, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University in the City of New York". DLC Catalog. doi:10.7916/d8-p0k1-y736. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  12. ^ a b c "William Jay Schieffelin (1866-1955) - HouseHistree". househistree.com. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  13. ^ "archives.nypl.org -- Schieffelin family papers". archives.nypl.org. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  14. ^ "SCHIEFFELIN HEADS DRUG CLUB AT FAIR; Becomes Honorary President of Center for the Trade at Hall of Pharmacy PROGRAM IS THREEFOLD Aims Are Social and to Work for Better Intra-lndustry and Public Relations". The New York Times. 1938-12-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  15. ^ Raubenheimer, Otto (1927-11-01). "Schieffelin & Co.—The oldest wholesale drug house in New York City*". The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1912). 16 (11): 1071–1073. doi:10.1002/jps.3080161113.
  16. ^ Schieffelin, Wm. Jay (1911). "Work of the Committee of One Hundred on National Health". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 37 (2): 77–86. doi:10.1177/000271621103700206. ISSN 0002-7162. JSTOR 1011068. S2CID 220849908.
  17. ^ "History". American Leprosy Missions. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  18. ^ leprosyhealthcare. "About". leprosyhealthcare. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  19. ^ "John Jay Homestead • Jay Family Stories: John Jay II and the Huguenot Society of America". johnjayhomestead.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  20. ^ "Guests shown at the private preview of the exhibition 'Young Negro Art,' the work of students at Hampton Institute, in the Young People's Gallery in the Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53rd St., New York, October 5, 1943". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  21. ^ "FRIENDS OF TUSKEGEE READY TO CELEBRATE; Schieffelin and Others Leave for 50th Anniversary of School-- Hoover to Speak Over Radio". The New York Times. 1931-04-11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  22. ^ "FUND FOR HAMPTON.; Armstrong Association Hears Plans for Extending Work Among Negroes". The New York Times. 1905-01-19. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  23. ^ Congress, Library of (2016-04-08), English: William Jay Schieffelin In the First World War he was a colonel of the 369th Infantry, the Fifteenth Regiment, a "colored" unit., retrieved 2023-07-02
  24. ^ a b "My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, October 2, 1945". www2.gwu.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  25. ^ a b "SCHIEFFELIN GETS THREATS IN LETTERS; Head of Committee of 1,000 Scoffs at Missives Warning Him to Drop Inquiry. LAUDS PUBLIC RESPONSE Many Joining In Civic Move Ask Their Identity Be Kept Secret-- Lawyers Study Complaints. Many Volunteers Fear Reprisals. Lawyers Investigating Complaints. Some Organizations Decline". The New York Times. 1931-03-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  26. ^ a b "SCHIEFFELIN ACTS AGAINST MARINELLI; Citizens Union Head Asks the Appellate Division Not to Rename County Clerk". The New York Times. 1937-11-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  27. ^ a b c "Century Archives – The Century Association Archives Foundation". centuryarchives.org. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
  28. ^ a b "MR. SCHIEFFELIN SWORN IN.; New Civil Service Commissioner Will Begin His Duties at Once". The New York Times. 1896-11-15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  29. ^ Neuman, Johanna (2017-07-23). "Who Won Women's Suffrage? A Case for "Mere Men"". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 16 (3): 347–367. doi:10.1017/S1537781417000081. ISSN 1537-7814.
  30. ^ "SCHIEFFELIN PRAISES ANTI-NAZI BOYCOTT; He Tells Jewish Groups It Has Been Effective Weapon". The New York Times. 1939-03-06. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  31. ^ "366 SIGN PLEDGE TO BOYCOTT NAZIS; Leaders in 117 Cities in U.S. Back Christian Committee's Protest on Policies". The New York Times. 1939-03-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  32. ^ Musto, David F. (2002-03-07). "The 1937 Marijuana Tax Act" (PDF) (PDF).
  33. ^ "Home - American Jewish Archives - The Bertha Corets Papers Manuscript Collection No. 307". American Jewish Archives. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
  34. ^ "Maison Française" (PDF). maisonfrancaise.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  35. ^ Luce, Clare Boothe; Kingdon, Frank; Federal Union (U.S.), eds. (1941). Democracy's answer to Hitler. New York, N.Y.: Federal Union.
  36. ^ "Citizens Union |". Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  37. ^ "SCHIEFFELIN STAYS CITIZENS UNION HEAD; Re-elected at Annual Meeting -- R.E. McGahen Succeeds Arhdt as Secretary. MRS. PRATT IS A SPEAKER Explains Her Park Plan to the Members and Wins Their Endorsement". The New York Times. 1926-05-27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  38. ^ N.Y.), Citizens Union (New York (1922). Twenty-fifth Anniversary Year Book of the Citizens Union of the City of New York, 1897-1922 ...: A Record for 1921 and a Program for 1922.
  39. ^ "1933 New York City mayoral election", Wikipedia, 2024-02-28, retrieved 2024-04-14
  40. ^ "Addresses in Memory of Carl Schurz - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
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  43. ^ "Cornell University - ILR School - The Triangle Factory Fire". trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  44. ^ Moskowitz, Henry (1912). "The Joint Board of Sanitary Control in the Cloak, Suit and Skirt Industry of New York City". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 44: 39–58. ISSN 0002-7162.
  45. ^ "WOMAN SHOPPER IS URGED TO DISCOURAGE SWEATSHOPS". The New York Times. 1925-05-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-29.

Further reading edit

  • One Hundred Years of Business Life, 1794–1894. New York: W.H. Schieffelin & Co., 1894.
  • Over 200 Years of Growth. New York: Schieffelin & Somerset Co., 2002.
  • Birmingham, Stephen (2016). America’s Secret Aristocracy: The Families That Built the United States. First Lyons Press edition. ISBN 978-1-4930-2476-6.
  • Scheufele, Michael (2022). Jacob Scheuffelin, currently in Pennsylvania … Five Hundred Years of the Schieffelin Family. wbg Academic in Herder. ISBN 978-3-534-45006-0. eBook (PDF): 978-3-534-45007-7.
  • Gellman, David N. (2022). Liberty’s Chain: Slavery, Abolition, and the Jay Family of New York. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1501715846.

External links edit

William Jay Schieffelin at Century Association

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