Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Elections and Referendums/Elections and referendums

Defunct countries

A short an incomplete list of former countries where elections might have taken place; please add:

Austria-Hungary, Confederate States of America, Gran Colombia, Federal Republic of Central America, Dominion of Newfoundland, West Indies Federation, Republic of Yucatán, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Republic of North Peru, Republic of South Peru, Peru–Bolivian Confederation, Riograndense Republic, Free City of Danzig, Memel Territory, Republic of South Maluku, Federated Malay States, Trucial States, Tuvan People's Republic, Republic of Formosa, Dutch New Guinea, the Boer Republics, Biafra, Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland North Yemen, South Yemen, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Bantu Homelands Free Territory of Trieste, Sikkim,Texas Republic, Katanga Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Far Eastern Republic, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Khorezm People's Soviet Republic Gilbert and Ellice Islands Los Altos New Hebrides, Straits Settlements, North Borneo, Sarawak, Bantustans in South West Africa, Cretan State, Republic of Maryland, Mississippi-in-Africa, Griqualand Syrian States Los Altos

• Austria–Hungary is covered by {{Elections in Austria-Hungary}}
• Czechoslovakia covered by {{Czechoslovakian elections}}
• The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland had a few elections: {{Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland elections}}
• Memel territory had six elections - there are detailed results on Parliament of the Klaipėda Region
• North & South Yemen both covered on {{Yemeni elections}}
• St Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla elections are included in {{Saint Kitts and Nevis elections}} and {{Anguillan elections}}
• The West Indies Federation had a single election in 1958. A second one appears to have been scheduled for 1962, but the Federation was dissolved before it took place.
• Both versions of Yugoslavia covered on {{Yugoslavian elections}}, {{Serbia and Montenegro elections}}
• There were legislative elections in Danzig in 1920, 1923, 1927, 1930, 1933 and 1935, according to Karl Braunias, Das parlamentarische Wahlrecht, Volume 2, 1932 table on p 75, and [1]
• Dominion of Newfoundland elections are included in {{NL Elections}} as pre-confederation.
• Dutch New Guinea first held regional elections in 1959,[2] and had a national election in 1961.[3] I wonder if a new template ({{Dutch New Guinea elections}}) is necessary, or perhaps an additional line on the Indonesian template. Number 57 20:37, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
• Boer republics: Nohlens book contains relatively detailed information of the electoral system of the more important pre-1910 south african states, but no dates of elections. Some research is required no find at least one date per state
• Bantustans: The African Elections Database by User:Acntx contains complete data for the nominally independent ones and some data for the other ones.
  • {{Bantustan elections}} produced using that source.

I do not know the exact rules of the english WP, but the german one does not allow such templates of they are incomplete. With the use of google and http://www.sahistory.org.za, ist should be possible to fill the gaps which the african election database has with some of the non-independant homlands.--Antemister (talk) 12:29, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Or that book...--Antemister (talk) 12:36, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

No, luckily we don't have such rules, otherwise very few of the election templates would be allowed, as we know many are incomplete! Number 57 13:00, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Have found some data for the non-independent homelands in a german book, will add them the next days, although I do not know if they are complete then.--Antemister (talk) 22:11, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

• Free Territory of Trieste: There were two elections, 1948 and 1952[4]
• Sikkim: According to the US Army Area Handbook for Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim, ca p380, a first election in 1952/53, then in 1958 and 1963 "for a five year term", next election in 1973 (FWA1974). It seesm to be logical that an election took plac in 1968. Data for later election see Assembly election results of Sikkim, and, of course, the accession referendum in 1975. The SYB contains election results for the the period of independence
  • {{Sikkimese elections}} created
• CSA: legislative in 1861 and 1863[5], presidential in 1861[6]
• Texas Republic: presidential in 1836, 1838, 1941, 1844, legislative election every year from 1836-1845[7], referendum in 1845[8]
• Republic of Formosa: Do not believe there was one
• Trucial States: The Trucial States Council was not elective [9]
• Republic of South Maluku: Existed for less than a year, do not believe there was an election
• Federated Malay States: First election in 1955, according to the website of Malaysias parliament[10]. I am not really sure if the was the first-ever election there.
• Biafra: According to [11], there was no election in independent Biafra
• Katanga: No election during independence
• Riograndense Republic: Have a look here[12], or here[13], need a person speaking portugese...
• Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: had eight elections. Need a SYB or EWY.
• Gilbert and Ellice Islands: Did have elections: First in 1967 (Nohlen, p673), 1971 (SYB73/74 "for three years" Again in 1974 (SYB77/78) An Advisory council was elected in 1964 (Area Handbook for Oceania, p218)
  • Added to {{Kiribati elections}} and {{Tuvaluan elections}}
• Does es:Los Altos (país) contain information about elections?
• es:República Federal de Centro América: Has relatively detailed data concerning the political developement
• Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic: There was one elction in 1917, see Nohlen's book on Azerbaijan
• Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements was not elected
• North Borneo: Non-elective LegCop46
• Sarawak: Indirect elections p46 SYB
• Bantustans in South West Africa: Had some elections, but [14] seems to be not complete.
• Cretan State: Did have an elected parliament: p26
• Republic of Maryland - {{Maryland elections}}
• Griqualand: At least one election in Griqaualand west in 1873[15], but I assume that there were many more elections.
  • Added to {{Boer and South African colonial elections}} 16:46, 24 August 2012 (UTC)
• Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Khorezm People's Soviet Republic: Publications in western languages on those two states are virtualy not existent. I had a look into Mikhail Georgadze: USSR: Sixty Years of the Union, 1922-1982. A Collection of Legislative Acts and Other Documents. Progress Publishers, Moscow 1982. The book promises "A Collection of Legislative Acts and Other Documents", but in fact it is completely worthless at all (as long as you are not member of the CPSU), as it usually cites not more than some articles (or even only phrases) for each document (as it seems that the USSR wanted to keep its laws secret). Well but for our purposes the table of contents solves that issue: If the first congress of soviets in both republics was held in 1920, the second (Bukhara) in 1921, the fourth (Khorezm) in 1923 and the fifth and last in both republics in 1924, it is rather easy to say that there were annual elections.
• Federal Republic of Central America: Look at that article [16] and es:República Federal de Centro América. once again, we need someone speaking spanish. OK, according to Woodward, Central America, a CA in 1823[17], and "elections" in 1825 and 1829 According to Fuchs, atleast 1829 was a legislative one. According to es:Anexo:Presidentes de Centroamérica, the presidents were elected by parliament, and the list implys an elections in 1834. No other one seems to have taken place, as the federation was in agony in 1838. Anyway, need the constitution, but I found only spanish texts. Maybe an earlier one, about 1821, will check that. In an attempt to restore the federation, a election to a new federal parliament took plac ein 1851 in Honduras and El Salvador and 1852 in Nicaragua. Guatemala, Los Altos and Costa Rica were invited, but do not know if the elections took place there. (Fuchs189)
• North & South Peru: See Peru section on the main page
• TTPI: A Congress of Micronesia was formed in 1965 and elected biannualy (Area Handbook for Oceania (1971), as well as Nohlen), 1965, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977. Although Mr. Nohlen writes abou "eight elections", the 1979 one did not cover the whole TTPI, but only the new micronesian state.
• Syrian States: During the time of the French Mandate, four autonomous republic where formed on the Syrian Territory. Elective institutions did exist, but I'm not sure if the list will be complete, using [18][19] Both book contain extensive background information, sometimes even numerical data.
  • Alawite State:1923, 1926. The 1930 provided for elections "like in Syria", which would mean 1930 and 1934 The 1936 basic law provided for biannual elections, the 1939 triannual ones. The first election accoring to the 1936 constitution was 1937, then one in 1939. No more election, as the territory was abolished in early 1942
  • Alexandrette: (not in 1923, Alexandrette was part of Aleppo), 1926 (the time between 1926 and 1938 will follow later) 1938[20] The 1930 basic law provided for biannual election, so add 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936
  • State of Aleppo 1923, 1926
  • Lebanon: 1922, 1925 (Longrigg, p50)
  • State of Damascus: 1923 (in 1926, no elections were held there due to martial law, Longrigg, p171ff)
  • Jabal Druze State: If I understand the book correctly, no elections took place during the 1920s due to prolonged uprisings there. For the time after about 1930, see later. The 1930 basic law provided a wholly appointed parliament, while the 1936 basic law provided biannual elections, and the 1939 one for triannual ones. Also here 1937, 1939.
• Los Altos: Had a CA election in 1838[http://books.google.de/books?id=PEJP7g-h7XEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false p114)
• Republic of Yucatán: Did have elections. One in 1821/1822[21], and also during the second republic. The 1841 constitution is online but spanish.

Additional territories

• Zanzibar [22], complete according to [23]
• French overseas territories, see especially fr:Modèle:Palette Scrutins en France sous la Cinquième République, for the details we need an expert for french local administration.

• Réunion, see Elections in Réunion, is a DOM and a region[24] (EWY 1984: Six years, election in 1983). And has a long electoral history, according to Nohlen:1978: The first election in 1680, as the Capuchin Bernardin was elected as governor. A Conseil des Anciens convened in 1694 (elected? maybe...) In or from 1768, some kind of parliamnet was elected, not more data about it in the book. In 1790, a general assembly was elected. Later in 1790, a colonial assembly was formed (the book does not mention if that was a popular election or an indirect one, by the General Assembly. Form 1795, annual election took place, until 1803, the year the CA was dissolved. In 1825, a new but appointed General Council was formed. 1833, an elected Colonial Counsil was formed, with a five-year-term. An election took place in 1848, so also add 1838, 1843. An election in 1853 did not take place, and from 1854, only indirect election took place, presumably until 1947, as the book does not mention any change. The usual french election since then.--Antemister (talk) 14:48, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
• Guadeloupe, is a DOM and a region DOM Regional Council (EWY 1984: Six years, election in 1983)
• Martinique, is a DOM and a region DOM Regional Council(EWY 1984: Six years, election in 1983)
• French Guiana, is a DOM and a region Regional Council
• Saint Barthélemy, founded 2007
• Saint-Martin, founded 2007
• Saint-Pierre und Miquelon, 1946-1976 TOM, 1976-2007 DOM, 2007-COM Dta are here [25] Instituion->Historique, but the french text is hard to understand for me.--Antemister (talk) 16:46, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
• Wallis and Futuna TOM from 1959 on
• French Polynesia (EWY 1984: elections 1977, 1982, five years, TOM from 1958)

• Template:Republika Srpska elections Legislative elections in 1996, 1997, 1998, presidential election 1996, 1998 (various EWY issues) see National Assembly of the Republika Srpska, did not look into the newer EWYs, thought that the template is more complete. Newer dates: 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010 (legislative and presidential) 2007 presidential

• • All added. Possibly now complete. Number 57 21:09, 6 June 2012 (UTC)
• Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Legislative elections in 1996, 1998 presidential 1994, 1998, and later...: 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010
• Pitcairn: Annual elections from 1838 (Magistrate and Island Council) on, until 1893, from 1893 to 1904 a parliament did exist.[26] A parliament was reintroduced in 1964, the mayor is elected for three years, the legislative annually (EWY 2008), see also [27] Need data for the time between 1893 and 1964. According to Spencer, Pitcairn Island the first 200 years, there were no election from 1856 to 1859, because the inhabitants were deported to the Norfolk Island. After 1904, the old system was restored. Still need to know the elections to that parliament, need that constitution. Also of a book of interest: Mutiny of the Bounty and story of Pitcairn Island, 1790-1894, 1894[28]
• St. Helena: see[29][30]
  • Ascension Island Council see there, it does exist from 2002 on (EWY2008)
  • Tristan da Cunha has a legislature: [31] When was it founded?
• Christmas Island: There is a Shire of Christmas Island
• Cocos Islands: There is a Shire of Cocos
• Norfolk Islands: Elections and parties in Norfolk Island do exist, as well as a Norfolk Legislative Assembly Data from Hoare, Norfolk Island an outline of it's history, 1774 - 1981: Since 1856, political decisions were made by people's conventions, but it seems a Pitcairn-styled magistrate did exist, need to confirm it, using Norfolk Island: Outline of Its History from 1788 to 1884. In 1896, a council of Elders was founded, elected annualy, renamed in Executive Council in 1903, renamed Advisory Council in 1935. Constitional changes in 1957, no election in 1959, next elections 1960, 1962?, 1964, 1966, 1968. Not complete yet, another constitutional change occured in 1979, third elections after that in 1983 (EWY 1986), the term was shorter that time? Presume: 1979, 1981, 1983, then every three years?
• Azad Kaschmir: An article about that area[32] and History of Azad Kashmir#Constitutional status
• Russian republics: The post-1990 choas in the USSR caused several independence referendums in russian republics: Tatarstan in 1992, Tatarstan#Tatarstan_today, one in Zakarpattia Oblast#History in 1991, Chechnya[33] in 1991. Those referendums were illegal according to the russian constitution, but are heavily relevant
• Chechen Republic of Ichkeria: 1990[34] (illegal), 1991 (presidential), 1997 presidential and parliamentary[35], 2003(referendum and presidential) [36] see Politics of Chechnya
• Republic_of_Carpatho-Ukraine#Parliamentary election in 1939
• Karakalpakstan should be the same time as in Uzbekistan, but use an Regional Survey (EWY does not have data)
• Crimea: An election did take place in 1917 ( Harald Heppner, Eduard Staudinger (Hrsg.): Region und Umbruch 1918 – Zur Geschichte alternativer Ordnungsversuche. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-631-37349-X, S. 216f), before this assembly declared the Crimean People's Republic. Today, there is an autonomes region with the Supreme Council of Crimea, elected every four years. Need someone speaking russian to find the elections after 1990
• Template:Falkland Islands elections should be complete, as the german Verfassungsregister implys that the Legco was formed in 1948.

Territorial Assemblies in French Africa

Some templates include territorial assembly election in French Africa from 1946, also some articles exist. But those assemblies are not mentioned in Nohlen's book (at least not in those artcles I have read...) Some further research will be neccessary on that topic.--Antemister (talk) 21:58, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

Over the last few weeks anonymous editors (92.4.128.162 (talk · contribs) and 212.137.36.230 (talk · contribs)) have been updating all the templates of former French colonies to add the dates of colonial elections. I asked on their talk pages what their sources were, but didn't get a reply. However, they also edited some history articles with some impressive detail on elections. One addition was to add Chafer, Tony. The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization to the further reading section (and in a couple of times as a reference [37][38]), so this may be worth investigating. Number 57 22:07, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

I re-read some parts of the Nohlen books, and, of course, those assembly and the elections did exist, but the franchise and th epowers of assemblys were so limited that those are mentioned with a few sentences and no data is provided.--Antemister (talk) 20:18, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

OK. At some point when I have finished with the European elections I will have a look at the Chafer book. If it is not entirely available on Google Books I will see whether I can borrow it from the British library. I might go there to see if I can get more detailed date on those Indonesian Volksraad elections I have started (I believe the book I used has party seat distributions in it, but they are on the pages not shown on Google Books). Number 57 20:23, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

French Indochina

This is a rather difficult one; There were partly-elective colonial councils for Annam, Tonkin, Cochinchina, Laos and Cambodia as well as an Indochina-wide assembly from 1930 (do not know if directly elected) on (Bernard B. Fall: The Two Vietnams: A Political and Military Analysis. 2. erweiterte Auflage. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1967, ISBN 978-0-99-914179-3, S. 34f). As it is typical for France, those bodys had few powers and many books ignore them. Those two books may contain that data, both are not accessible in Germany, but perhaps you have access to them:

• Thomas E. Ennis: French policy and developments in Indochina University of Chicago Press, 1936
• Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hémery: Indochina. An Ambiguous Colonization, 1858-1954 University of California Press, Berkeley 2011, ISBN 978-0-52-026974-3

Not published yet:

• Beryl Williams (Hrsg.): Pre-communist Indochina Routledge 2012, ISBN 978-0-41-554306-4

Unlikely, but: Joseph Buttinger: Vietnam. A political history. Praeger, 1968 --Antemister (talk) 20:32, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Found out that data at the moment: The Consultive Assemblies of the four protectorats were founded in Tonkin [39] and Cambodia in 1913[40], in Annam in 1920[41][42] and in Laos in 1923[43]. Cochinchina had a more powerful Colonial Council from 1880(Ansprenger, Auflösung der Kolonialreiche, Jean Chesneaux: Geschichte Vietnams. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1963] on.--Antemister (talk) 12:19, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Start with Cochinchina: Elections every two years for a four-year-termArt. 1, early elections possible Art. 21, which means additional work, first election June 1880[44], data in the statistical yearbooks, complete from 1900 on [45][46] Were there early election? Election took place in 1919 and 1922[47]--Antemister (talk) 21:23, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Britain

As the English/British and the Scottish parliament have a long traditions, the templates do not really cover them. A know few about the history of the parliaments of the UK, but it existed before 1700, but Template:British elections (1707-1800) traces back only until that time. I do not know much about the electoral system of that time and if it makes sense to extend those template, but, eh, I jot down that suggestion here.--Antemister (talk) 21:18, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

There were many years of elections in England beforehand - just see Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency) whose history and membership goes back to 1295. BrownHairedGirl (talk · contribs) has done a lot of work on this kind of thing so I will ask her to comment here on whether she would know of a list of dates. Regarding Scotland I know very little. And there may have also been elections to the pre-UK Irish parliament too. Number 57 22:17, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Actually, for England, the list of Parliaments of England sets out pre-1707 elections (and if you look at the bottom of that article there are also lists of MPs elected during the 1600s). Still no idea about Scotland or Ireland though. Number 57 22:24, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

It could be worth doing a footer template for the English elections, but the links could link to either the article about the parliament elected (several of them have articles if you see the list above, or to the list of members elected). Currently there is a template for the Parliaments and lists, but (a) it is a sidebar and (b) it's only for the 1600s. Taking the dates from the list and the articles already in existence, the template below would be possible. Number 57 22:33, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

I have been pointed to this website, which lists MPs since 1386, so the list of MP articles after that date should be possible to create (although they are listed by constituency, so it will be a bit of work to combine it into one useful database). Number 57 23:08, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Yugoslavian republics

For the gaps in the templates of the now independant yugoslavian republics, some data can be found on the websites of the parliaments. According to the 1974 constitution, there were election in any republic/province in 1974, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990.--Antemister (talk) 19:11, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Hmmm. I could not find much information on the Parliaments' websites - only on the Serbian one could I find any years (and not the ones you list above!). Have you seen this information somewhere? Number 57 19:54, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

Have that information from User:20percent [48], will ask other "balkan warriors" in the german WP about more data.--Antemister (talk) 11:54, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

SYB7273 and a German book on about Yugoslavia from 1954 tells that state and republican elections held the same day in 1969 and 1950, respectively. Then we can assume that the data we have for Bosnia and Montengro is correct and can filled into the other templates.--Antemister (talk) 20:55, 24 May 2012 (UTC)

Commonwealth Caribbean

For those minor countries, there should be few publication about their political developement; I am sure that there were some legislative councils before independance. In those cases, I also believe that a direct request to the parliaments may bring as the data.--Antemister (talk) 19:11, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

You are right about pre-independence Councils - Nohlen's book notes that Barbados House of Assembly was established in 1639! A few countries have some (but by no means all) colonial elections listed ({{Jamaican elections}} for one). Number 57 21:02, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Having a look/request here may be interresting---Antemister (talk) 20:03, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Several old versions of the Statesman yearbook are available online, some users here also have access to the newer version after 1923. The books include bibliograpies, and many of those books are also available online. Perhaps the Europa World Yearbook may contain data, but I did not find yet anyone having access.--Antemister (talk) 19:57, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Two other books: [49], [50].--Antemister (talk) 09:10, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Boer Republics

I've made a start using the Times archive and sahistory.org.za:

Promised more facts from Sternberger/Nohlen, here they are:

• Tranvaal: Presidential election every five, from 1889 every ten years, we have articles about those men. Legislative election every year for a two-year term. Election in 1907
• Vrystat: Direct presidential elections, Legislative elections every two year for a four-year term. Election in 1907
• Cape Colony: Legco (Upper House) und House of Assemby (Lower House) from 1853 on: Legco elections every five year for a ten-year term, Legco elections every five year for a five-year term. Early election did take place. Data can be foound presumably in: HR Hahlo and Ellison Kahn, The British Commonwealth, the development of its law and constitution, vol. 5 The Union of SA, Cape Town, 1960 and J. L. McCracken, The Cape parliament, 1854-1910
• Natal: Legco from 1854 on, elections every fouryear for a four-year term, early election were possible. Data maybe in David Welsh, Roots of Segregation, The Native Policy in Colonial Natal, 1845-1910, Alex Hepple, South Africa. A political an econmic history London 1966
• Natalia. had an election every year, from 1838-1842. An election for a "commander" in 1837 (Brauer, Der Oranje-Freistaat 1854-1888 p13)

--Antemister (talk) 20:50, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

For the minor Boer Republics:

• Theal, George M. (1919), History of South Africa from 1873 to 1884, London: George Allen & Unwin[60]

--Antemister (talk) 15:04, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

More concerning Natal: For 1892 [61] implys a referendum, an election took place ein 1893[62], one in 1901[63] and one in 1909[64], so one can assume that there was one in 1905. I believe one can fill the time between 1857 and 1893.--Antemister (talk) 18:37, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

OK. In September 1892 there was an election for the Legislative Assembly which was effectively a contest between the pro-responsible government party and the anti one. There were elections the following year (14–20 September) after a new constitution was passed. Elections were next held in September 1897, with more in 1901, 1902 (12–18 December - seems to have been a snap elections over a railway issue) and 1906. I couldn't find any reference to one in 1909; the EISA article possible reflects the referendum that year.

I haven't found much prior to 1892. There were also elections in 1880 and 1883, but there is not any other info that I can find in the Times archive. Number 57 23:20, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

The 1880 election was the ninth one[65], that means there had been eight between 1857 and 1880. Some background to the electoral system: [66][67] There is a rather complete publication of the debates of that parliament: [68] I started a request at the RX.--Antemister (talk) 09:07, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

For Natalia, there is af:Volksraad van Natalia and [69]--Antemister (talk) 20:44, 19 June 2012 (UTC) Eh, I mean Natalia and Natal, respektively, of course.--Antemister (talk) 13:59, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

No problem. I've added the 1838–1842 elections to the template. Number 57 16:28, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

OK, more data: Have copied the book about the parliament of the Cape Colony, but since then Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope was created. Add the dates. Natal is very difficult, I used several sources to find out some dates: Relieing of George McCall Theal, there were early election in 1882 and 1883 (History of South Africa, from 1873 to 1884, twelve eventful years, Vol. 2, p211f), according to Nohlen, I assume that there had been election in 1887 and 1889, as he writes that 1887 (regular election), secret suffrage was introduced, and 1889 additional constituencies were created. Russell, Natal. The Land and Its Story implies that between 1857 and 1873 regular elections took place, as changes in the composition of the parliament occured in the years of regular elections. The time between 1873 remains difficult, as Theal writes much about conflicts between governor and LegCo, but nothing about an election. I assume 1877. But there is this issue: 1880 seems to be the 9th council, but I have only six election before. Do they count the two additional change in the composition of the parliament, which affected only non-elected members? That happened in 1875 and 1869, but in 1896, was a year of election... can you verify this by using the Times' archive, especially the question if 1880 was an early election?--Antemister (talk) 14:38, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

The data for the two mayor Boer republics are rather easy to complete. Annual volksraad election from 1857 on in Transvaal, a CA was eleted in 1856 (Theal 1854-1872, p34) It seems to be that in 1857, there was no popular election of the state president. No election in 1878 and 1879 due to the war, but there were so called "people's conventions", which made the important decisions. In 1878, a people's comitee instead of a normal volksraad was elected. Another convention in 1880. Next elections in 1881 (according the Die Geschichte der süd-afrikanischen Republik by Wilhelm Vallentin) Assume the last election in 1899.--Antemister (talk) 15:59, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

Oranje Free State: As the first election to the volsraads was 1854 (Lenk, Die Geschichte Transvaals Vol. 3, p146) and there were biannual election, one can add any even year from 1854 to 1898 (waht happened in 1900?) Der Oranje-Freistaat 1854-1888 by Adalbert Brauer contains much data on presidential elections. An election for a CA in 1853, and a referendum about the unification with the Transvaal republic in 1859 (Brauer, p33).--Antemister (talk) 16:11, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

I will send you the relevant pages from those book. Anyway: Split that template!--Antemister (talk) 16:13, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

With the help of Basil James Trewin Leverton: Government finance and political development in Natal, 1843 to 1893 (Argief-jaarboek vir Suid-afrikaanse Geskiedenis. 1970/1), it was possible to complete and correct the data: We know the first election was in 1857, the second in 1859 (p87), then 1861 (p90), 1869 (p114), 1870 (p130). We know 1880, 1882, 1883 from other sources. Then 1886 (p239) and 1890 (p262). For the gaps, I fill 1865, 1874 and 1878, as the book, which really focuses on the LegCo, does not mention early election for that time. The 12th council ended in 1890[70], and the 9th was elected in 1880[71], so I assume that i did not forget one. The template seems to be complete for the post-1892 elections with responsible government. In general, the book, a PhD thesis, provides some background information to the (early) elections, but no real results.--Antemister (talk) 20:44, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

Frech colonial councils

Some French colonies (cochinchina, Algeria...) colonial councils. According to the centralized political system, those councils, partly elected by extremely limited franchise, had very few power, they had been rather consultative than decisive. A had a discussion in the German WP if it makes sense to include them into the templates. Of course, those election are part of the electoral history of the respective, but in fact they had fewer power than a municipal or county parliament.--Antemister (talk) 14:57, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Also their electoral data for national election where reps sat in Paris. Cameroon, Algeria, etc.Lihaas (talk) 22:01, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

A rather complete list of examples:

• Tunisia, from 1922 on
• Algeria, from 1898
• Portugese Colonies, 1916-1926
• Indochina
• Senegal

--Antemister (talk) 20:36, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Subnational elections

There are a whole bunch here (not local, but provincial) that could be added. For example, former Indian provinces/"states" are/were noteworthyLihaas (talk) 22:00, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

Australian States

One should not forget them, before 1901, those had been rather normal countries. Same for Canada and...?--Antemister (talk) 19:04, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

• The Australian state templates have them ({{Queensland elections}}, {{New South Wales elections}}, {{South Australian elections}}, {{Tasmanian elections}} {{Victorian elections}}, {{Western Australian elections}}), although I don't know if they are complete.
• The only Canadian provinces that have pre-1867 elections on their template are British Colombia (or rather the two provinces it was divided into prior to 1870) and New Brunswick (and that only has 1866). The Newfoundland one has dates from 1832, but was a separate country from Canada until 1947.
• The only other British territory that I can think of that was divided into self-regulating colonies that later merged was South Africa (which we've covered in {{Boer and South African colonial elections}}).
• New Zealand was part of New South Wales until 1841, but then was a single entity.
• India - no idea. Number 57 15:20, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

Italian states before 1861

• Maria Serena Piretti: Le elezioni politiche in Italia dal 1848 a oggi. Laterza, Rom 1995, ISBN 978-8842047186.
• Giovanni Schepis: Le consultazioni popolari in Italia dal 1848 al 1957 Caparrini, Empoli 1958.
• Francesco Bartolotta: Parlamenti e governi d'Italia dal 1848 al 1970 Vito Bianco Editore, Roma 1971.

Will have access to the first one...--Antemister (talk) 16:28, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

It does not contain useful data. (Only Kingdom of Sardinia, where we already have data)--Antemister (talk) 21:50, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

An election to in the Repubblica Lucchese in 1799 (German WP)

An election in the Roman Republic (19th century) in 1849 (German WP)

A presidential election in the Repubblica di San Marco in 1849, a referendum in 1948 (German WP)

Repubblica Cisalpina some elections from 1797 on (Italian WP

Repubblica Transpadana, Repubblica Cispadana seems not

Stato libero di Fiume Referendum and legislative election on 24. April 1921

A referendum in the Repubblica Ligure in 1797

--Antemister (talk) 17:30, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Do have a look at French client republic. Hope getting access to Francesco Bartolotta: Parlamenti e governi d'Italia dal 1848 al 1970.--Antemister (talk) 12:09, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

Did look in all of them, and all of them just cover the Kingdom of Sardinia.--Antemister (talk) 17:28, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

Minor Islands in the Pacific Ocean

Number 57, can you have the look into the archive of The Times, which seems to cover quite any minor election inside the British "Reichsgrenzen". Looking for data concerning those minor advisory councils in books, articles and via Google is possible, but not very efficient.

• Cooks Islands: Try confirm my assumptions
  • Nothing in the Times I'm afraid. Number 57 12:52, 26 May 2012 (UTC)
• Kiribati: Can you confirm my assumption?
• Nauru: Is difficult, will need a book
  • News item on 11/6/1965 that Nauru will have a Legislative Council with an elected Nauruan majority by January 1966. This is echoed by an article on 2/12/1965. An article on 17/3/1967 says this was achieved, but not when. There are no mentions of elections in 1966 or 1968. Number 57 12:52, 26 May 2012 (UTC)
• Solomon Islands: Early ACs
• Tuvalu: Unclear waht happened about 1975
• New Hebrides: practically no data
  • Nothing in the times other than some background to the 1975 elections. Number 57 12:52, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

--Antemister (talk) 21:38, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

Another question: The maldives between 1953 and 1968, waht happened during that time?--Antemister (talk) 16:47, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Nothing in the Times I'm afraid. Number 57 17:13, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Apparently there was an election 59 in part of the Maldives (a la other countries by other names or parts). United Suvadive RepublicLihaas (talk) 17:42, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

New Hebrides are solved, for Nauru and the Cook Islands as well as for the Maldives, a will try to have a look into the relevant books.--Antemister (talk) 17:32, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

Referendums

Guys, look at that website, found in ref in the German WP: http://www.sudd.ch/--Antemister (talk) 19:53, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Brilliant - already started using it! Number 57 21:09, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Nohlen's books are rather incomplete in the area of referendums... And that Beat Müller from Switzerland creates such a compilation of data, CC-licenced, which seems to be so unknown that I did find not find it yet. We have to contact this man.--Antemister (talk) 21:22, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

I've already added all the extra referendums missed by Nohlen in Africa, Asia and Europe to the templates. Will do Oceania and the Americas in the next few days. Number 57 22:36, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

I've now done all of them. You may be interested to see that there are referendums from pre-union Italian states. Number 57 23:43, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

I know about the italian referndums from [72]. The Editor of sudd.ch told me that he believes that is rather complete, there may be gaps for Andorra, the Marshall Islands and possibly some minor pacific islands.--Antemister (talk) 14:45, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Indian States

Dozens of articles about indian state elections can be written using http://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main1/ElectionStatistics.aspx. The time I have for WP purposes will be severely reduced for the next three or four weeks, tell Lihaas about that website.--Antemister (talk) 21:12, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

Latin America

Latin America causes problems here, you see, as much more dates have to be found without the Nohlen books. I found some books in spanish for the major South American countries, hope to find out the neccessary data with my very limited knowlodge of the spanish language. The minor Central American country seemed to be even more difficult, but I found that someone already did do what we try here for those contries: [73] will make that much easier.--Antemister (talk) 14:00, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

I copied relevant pages from several books on south american elections - we just need someone speaking spanish now.--Antemister (talk) 17:26, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

While doing ongoing resaerch on that difficult topic, I recently found an extremely important article,

• Enrique C. Ochoa: The Rapid Expansion of Voter Participation in Latin America. Presidential Elections, 1845–1986. In: Statistical Abstract of Latin America. Band 25, 1987, ISSN 0081-4687, S. 861–910 (PDF-Datei; 6,83 MB).

This work has data on presidential elections of any Latin American coutry from the 1840. Although the quality of data is poor (usually only presidential elections and voter turnout), it makes the work on that topic much easier. I wonder why Dieter Nohlen das never mentioned (or didn't I find it?) that work in his books... this is one of the first comparistic work on elections in that Kulturkreis.--Antemister (talk) 15:06, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

A very good source. Number 57 09:52, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

The data is based on

• Tatu Vanhanen: Power and the Means of Power. A Study of 119 Asian, European, American and African States, 1850-1975. University Microfilm International, Ann Arbor 1979, ISBN 0-8357-0398-3.

where the author collected electoral data for practically any sovereign country from 1850 on. Despite the horrible typography, the often poor quality of the data (the purpose of the book is mostly the relation of voter turnout to the whole population) and some mistakes I found, this is a remarkable work. The compilation of the data required more than ten years and seems to have been gigantic task - imagine, the guy did not have the Internet and forty years less research on that topic. In any case, the bibliography has 35 pages and did help a lot to find data for Latin America.--Antemister (talk) 21:58, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Presidential elections by parliament

In several countries, we have the situation that some presidents were elected by parliament, and some by the people, sometimes the electoral system changed several times. Template:Brazilian elections is an example. I would be prefer if the add the elections of the head of state by parliament to the caption, as the template should only contain popular elections.--Antemister (talk) 20:40, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

Colonial parliaments

I had a discussion some times ago in the german WP concerning the inclusion of colonial parliaments in the template, like Zimbabwe or Algeria, as you did recently. We agreed there that colonial parliaments should be an extra section, because 1) those were not parliaments of an independent or federal state, but in most cases (some exceptions are the self-governing British colonies), but of a colony, 2) they had very limited powers, were only a parts of the administration and not one of political live or had only advisory powers and 3) there was only an extremely limited suffrage. Some special cases, like Zimbabwe/Rhodesia, maybe require some additional discussion.--Antemister (talk) 20:38, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

Hmmm. I can kind of agree for some, but others were the bodies that directly transformed into the national parliaments when the state became independent. I think Algeria and Zimbabwe are at the opposite end of the spectrum here - AFAIK the Zimbabwean parliament is a direct continuation of the one since the 1800s. Number 57 22:18, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

Old Representative System

This is a problem not solveable: From the late 17th century until the late 19th century, the minor british islands in the caribean had elected legislatures. I believe that it is completely impossible to find somewhat complete data here, those minor islands are too far away and little information had been published. You should not even try to add the few dates one can find out into the templates; this is only confusing for the general readers, who might think that there had been only two or three election in two hundred years.--Antemister (talk) 22:04, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Could just put a "Pre-19XX" link, with an article covering them, if we know when the ORS stopped being used? Number 57 22:18, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Have the data, will follow here.--Antemister (talk) 22:45, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Singaporean general election, 2015

Someone should check the infobox, it has a clear problem regarding the Action Party: Singaporean general election, 2015. --Dereck Camacho (talk) 21:37, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Fixed; someone messed up {{People's Action Party/meta/shortname}}. Number 57 21:40, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Why is there no USA

IsraeliIdan (talk) 19:30, 1 September 2019 (UTC)