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定義

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痛風是一種發炎性關節炎特徵是單一關節反覆關節炎發作,出現紅、腫、熱和疼痛的症狀[1][2]

 

症狀 1

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疼痛症狀通常很快發作,在十二小時內達到最痛[3]。有一半患者,疼痛發生在大腳趾底部的關節[4]

 

症狀 2

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它可能造成痛風石腎結石或尿酸腎病[3]

 

病因 1

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痛風是由血中尿酸持續過高造成[3][2]

 

病因 2

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這是由飲食、其他健康問題遺傳等因素綜合作用而成[3][2]。在血中尿酸濃度持續偏高的影響下,尿酸結晶沉積在關節、肌腱周圍組織中,之後引起痛風發作[3]

 

病因 3

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經常食用肉類、海鮮、喝啤酒或體重過重的人更容易合併痛風[3][5]

 

診斷

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關節液關節外的組織中發現尿酸結晶即可確診[3]。血中尿酸濃度在發作期間可能正常[3]

 


治療

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使用秋水仙素非類固醇抗發炎藥類固醇皆可改善症狀[3][2][6]

 

預防

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在急性發作緩解後,可以透過調整生活方式或使用别嘌醇等藥物降低血中尿酸濃度[3]。 補充维生素C和食用低脂乳製品可能可以預防痛風[7]

 

流行病學 1

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歐美,一生中會發生痛風的人口約占 1% 至 2% [3]。近幾十年來,痛風的發病率有所增加[3]

 

流行病學 2

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痛風最好發在老年男性[3]

 

歷史

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歷史上,痛風被稱為「帝王病」或「富貴病」[3][8],且自古埃及時即此[3]

 

References

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  1. ^ Chen LX, Schumacher HR (October 2008). "Gout: an evidence-based review". J Clin Rheumatol. 14 (5 Suppl): S55–62. doi:10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181896921. PMID 18830092.
  2. ^ a b c d Hui, M; Carr, A; Cameron, S; Davenport, G; Doherty, M; Forrester, H; Jenkins, W; Jordan, KM; Mallen, CD; McDonald, TM; Nuki, G; Pywell, A; Zhang, W; Roddy, E; British Society for Rheumatology Standards, Audit and Guidelines Working, Group. (26 May 2017). "The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout". Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 56 (7): e1–e20. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex156. PMID 28549177.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Richette P, Bardin T (January 2010). "Gout". Lancet. 375 (9711): 318–28. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60883-7. PMID 19692116.
  4. ^ Schlesinger N (March 2010). "Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians". Postgrad Med. 122 (2): 157–61. doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2133. PMID 20203467.
  5. ^ Beyl Jr, R. N.; Hughes, L; Morgan, S (2016). "Update on Importance of Diet in Gout". The American Journal of Medicine. 129 (11): 1153–1158. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.06.040. PMID 27452679.
  6. ^ Shekelle, P. G; Newberry, S. J; Fitzgerald, J. D; Motala, A; O'Hanlon, C. E; Tariq, A; Okunogbe, A; Han, D; Shanman, R (2017). "Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline". Annals of Internal Medicine. 166 (1): 37–51. doi:10.7326/M16-0461. PMID 27802478.
  7. ^ "Questions and Answers about Gout". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  8. ^ "Rich Man's Disease – definition of Rich Man's Disease in the Medical dictionary". Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.