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Introduction edit
Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India, who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.[1]
Early life and education edit
CV Raman was born in Trichy, Tamil Nadu to Tamil parents, Chandrashekaran Ramanathan Iyer and Parvathi Ammal. At an early age, Raman moved to the city of Visakhapatnam and studied at St Aloysius Anglo-Indian High School.[2]
Graduation and PG edit
In 1904 he obtained a BA degree from the University of Madras, where he stood first and won the gold medal in Physics. In 1907 he completed an MSc degree at the University of Madras with highest distinction.[3]
Career edit
In the year 1917, Raman resigned from his government service after he was appointed the first Palit Professor of Physics at the University of Calcutta. At the same time, he continued doing research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.[4]
Raman Effect edit
On 28 February 1928, Raman led an experiment with KS Krishnan, on the scattering of light, when he discovered what now is called the Raman effect.[5]
Findings edit
It was instantly clear that this discovery was of huge value. It gave further proof of the quantum nature of light.[6]
Raman spectroscopy edit
The field of Raman spectroscopy came to be based on this phenomenon, and Ernest Rutherford referred to it in his presidential address to the Royal Society in 1929.[7]
FRS edit
Raman was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted in 1929.[8]
Nobel Prize edit
He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect".[9]
BHU edit
Raman delivered lectures on Mathematics and physics during the lecture series organised at Banaras Hindu University from 5 to 8 February 1916.[10] He also held the position of permanent visiting professor at BHU.[11]
Work around acoustics edit
Raman and his student, Nagendra Nath, provided the correct theoretical explanation for the acousto-optic effect (light scattering by sound waves), in a series of articles resulting in the celebrated Raman–Nath theory.[12]
IISc edit
In 1933, Raman left IACS to join Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore as its first Indian director.[13]
Raman Research Institute edit
Raman retired from the Indian Institute of Science in 1948 and established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later.[14]
Bharat Ratna edit
In 1954 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna.[15]
Death edit
At the end of October 1970, Raman collapsed in his laboratory; the valves of his heart had given way. He survived, and later died from natural causes on the early morning of 21 November 1970.[16]
National Science Day edit
India celebrates National Science Day on 28 February of every year to commemorate the discovery of the Raman effect in 1928.[17]
References edit
- ^ "Sir Venkata Raman – Biographical". Nobel Peace Prize – Official website. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ This Month in Physics History February 1928: Raman scattering discovered APS News Archives February 2009 vol.18 no.2
- ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 Sir Venkata Raman, Official Nobel prize biography, nobelprize.org
- ^ "Indian Journal of Physics". 1926.
- ^ "Raman Effect Visualized". Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman (11 December 1930). "The molecular scattering of light (Nobel Lecture)" (PDF). NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Venkataraman, G. (1995), Raman and His Effect, Orient Blackswan, p. 50, ISBN 9788173710087
- ^ Singh, Rajinder (2002). "The Story of C.V. Raman's resignation from the Fellowship of the Royal Society London" (PDF). Current Science. 83 (9): 1157–1158.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
- ^ Dwivedi, B. N. (2011). "Madan Mohan Malaviya and Banaras Hindu University" (PDF). Current Science. 101 (8): 1091–1095.
- ^ Prakash, Satya (20 May 2014). Vision for Science Education. Allied Publishers. p. 45. ISBN 978-8184249088.
- ^ C. V. Raman, N. S. Nagendra Nath, "The diffraction of light by high frequency sound waves. Part I", Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1935
- ^ "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (1876–)". Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.
- ^ Parameswaran, Umma (2011). C.V.Raman : A biography. India: Penguin. ISBN 978-0143066897.
- ^ "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ C.V. Raman: a pictorial biography. Indian Academy of Sciences. 1988. p. 177. ISBN 9788185324074. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ "Science Day: Remembering Raman". Zee News. India. 27 February 2009.