The Western Greater Polish dialect (Polish: gwary zachodniowielkopolskie) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the new mixed dialects to the west, the Northern Greater Polish dialect to the far northeast, the Central Greater Polish dialect to the east, and the Southern Greater Polish dialect to the far southeast.[2]
| Western Greater Polish dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Poland |
| Region | Western Greater Poland |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
editTypical of Greater Polish dialects, voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present in all the region. Also typical of Greater Polish dialects, masuration is not present, except in Wieleń, where the so-called “Wieleń Masurs” are, who have masuration. In reality, they are not true Masurians, but are just called this due to their dialect.[3]
Vowels
editCommon here, as to many other dialects of Greater Polish, is diphthongization of monopthongs, e.g. /ɔ/ > /wɛ/. There is a strong tendency here to add -j after final -y, as in much of Greater Poland. Often -ył, -ił shift to -uł. Final -ej frequently shift to i (after soft consonants)/y (after hard consonants): liepi (lepiej).[3]
Slanted vowels
editSlanted á raises to o, slanted ó raises to u (as in Standard Polish), and there are a few cases where standard o raises ó. Slanted é raises to y after hard consonants and to i after soft consonants.[3]
Nasal vowels
editMedial ą and ę decompose except before sibilants (as in Standard Polish). ą decompses to óN ę decomposes to yN after hard consonants and iN after soft. Word final -ą decomposes to -om, -óm and word final -ę denasalizes to -e. Common here is the dyphthongization of nasal vowels, especially final -ą to -óᵐ, or the decomposition of nasal vowels, as in Standard Polish. Liquids, especially nasals, frequently cause raising, so oN to óN and eN to yN after hard consonants and to iN after soft.[3]
Prothesis
editLabizalization of o to ô both initially and sometimes medially can be found here.[3]
Consonants
editOften ł is intervocalically, or sometimes ło, resulting in forms such as bya (była), or kowrotek (kołowortek). Reduction of doubled consonants is present: leki (lekki). l is sometimes softer: liekarz (lekarz). The group -stn- reduces to -sn-. kt- shifts to cht-, and chrz shifts to krz-.[3]
Inflection
editA few changes to Standard Polish infection can be see.[3]
Nouns
editGerunds formed with -enie take -u for the genitive instead of -a, z wejrzyniu (z wejrzenia).[3]
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
editThe comparative of adverbs is often -y due to sound changes.[3]
Verbs
editPast tense forms can be -uł as a result of sound changes: bułoᵉ (było).[3]
Vocabulary
editMost of the vocabulary is typical for a Greater Polish dialect. Some of the vocabulary has been influenced by the Sorbian languages, as this was an old point of contact between the two lects.[3]
Word-Formation
editWestern Greater Polish shows features typical of other Greater Polish dialects.[3]
Nouns
edit-yszek is the common diminuative noun forming suffix. Nominalization of adjectives is common here, listowy (instead of listonosz, ‘mailman’) and listowo (wife of a mailman).[3]
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
editA common way to form diminuative adjectives is with -itki. -yty/-ity are often used where -ysty/-ity might occur in Standard Polish.[3]
Verbs
editVerbs are sometimes prefixed with o- (ô-) where in Standard Polish is often wy-.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Karaś, Halina (2010). "Wielkopolska zachodnia". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ Karaś, Halina (2010). "Wielkopolska zachodnia". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Sierociuk, Jerzy (2010). "Gwara regionu Wielkopolska zachodnia". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.