Water polo at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament

Water polo at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament
Tournament details
Venue(s)	4 (in 4 host cities)
Dates	20 June – 2 July
Teams	16 (from 5 confederations)
Final positions
Champions	United States (7th title)
Runner-up	Hungary
Third place	Netherlands
Fourth place	Italy
Tournament statistics
Matches played	48
Goals scored	1,059 (22.06 per match)
Top scorer(s)	Judith Forca; Beatriz Ortiz; (21 goals)
Best player	Maddie Musselman
Best goalkeeper	Ashleigh Johnson
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The women's water polo tournament at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships is held from 20 June to 2 July 2022. This is the 15th time that the women's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1986.^[1]

The United States secured their fourth consecutive and seventh overall title with a win over Hungary, while the Netherlands beat Italy to win the bronze medal.^[2]^[3]

Qualification edit

Event	Dates	Hosts	Quota	Qualifier(s)
Host nation	—		1	Hungary
2020 FINA World League	14– 19 June 2021	Athens	1	United States ~~Russia~~
2020 Summer Olympics	24 July – 7 August 2021	Tokyo	4	Spain Australia Netherlands Canada
2020 Women's European Water Polo Championship	12–25 January 2020	Budapest	3	Italy Greece France
2022 Intercontinental Cup (Americas qualifier)	7–13 March 2022	Lima	2	Brazil Argentina
Asian Qualifier	—		1	China Japan Kazakhstan
African Qualifier			1	South Africa
Oceanian Qualifier			1	New Zealand
Wild cards^[4]			2	Colombia Thailand
Total			16

Russia was excluded due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[5]
Due the COVID-19 pandemic local restritictions China and Japan withdrew before the tournament.^[4]

Draw edit

The draw was held on 12 April 2022.^[4]^[6]

Seeding edit

Pot 1	Pot 2	Pot 3	Pot 4
United States Spain Hungary Australia	Netherlands Canada Brazil Greece	Argentina Italy France New Zealand	Kazakhstan Colombia Thailand South Africa

Preliminary round edit

Group A edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Italy	3	2	1	0	48	21	+27	5	Quarterfinals
2	Hungary (H)	3	2	0	1	55	21	+34	4	Playoffs
3	Canada	3	1	1	1	36	20	+16	3	Playoffs
4	Colombia	3	0	0	3	11	88	−77	0

Source: Sportresult
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head number of goals scored; 5) Goal difference.
(H) Hosts

20 June 2022 19:30	Report	Canada	7–7	Italy	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Georgios Stavridis (GRE), Andrew Carney (AUS)
		Score by quarters: 2–4, 3–2, 1–1, 1–0
		McKelvey, Wright 2	Goals	Giustini 2

20 June 2022 21:00	Report	Hungary	35–4	Colombia	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Pascal Bouchez (FRA), Maro Savinović (CRO)
		Score by quarters: 8–2, 12–0, 7–0, 8–2
		Rybanská 6	Goals	Vanegas 2

22 June 2022 19:30	Report	Colombia	2–22	Canada	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Anbar Anbar (KUW), Dion Willis (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 1–3, 1–5, 0–7, 0–7
		Ortega, Restrepo 1	Goals	McKelvey 5

22 June 2022 21:00	Report	Italy	10–9	Hungary	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Boris Margeta (SLO), Andrew Carney (AUS)
		Score by quarters: 3–4, 2–2, 3–1, 2–2
		Avegno, Marletta 2	Goals	Parkes 3

24 June 2022 19:30	Report	Italy	31–5	Colombia	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Anbar Anbar (KUW), Dion Willis (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 5–2, 7–0, 6–2, 13–1
		Avegno 6	Goals	Restrepo 2

24 June 2022 21:00	Report	Hungary	11–7	Canada	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Michiel Zwart (NED), Frank Ohme (GER)
		Score by quarters: 2–1, 3–3, 4–0, 2–3
		Keszthelyi 3	Goals	McKelvey 3

Group B edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	United States	3	3	0	58	12	+46	6	Quarterfinals
2	Netherlands	3	2	1	58	18	+40	4	Playoffs
3	Argentina	3	1	2	16	58	−42	2	Playoffs
4	South Africa	3	0	3	9	53	−44	0

Source: Sportresult
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head number of goals scored; 5) Goal difference.

20 June 2022 18:00	Report	South Africa	2–24	United States	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Megan Perry (NZL), Ivan Raković (SRB)
		Score by quarters: 0–7, 0–10, 1–3, 1–4
		Meecham, Zondo 1	Goals	Haralabidis 5

20 June 2022 19:30	Report	Netherlands	29–6	Argentina	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Harvey Hinds (CUR), Edgar Baron (COL)
		Score by quarters: 8–1, 8–1, 6–2, 7–2
		Van de Kraats 5	Goals	Ruiz 3

22 June 2022 18:00	Report	Argentina	7–6	South Africa	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Adil Aimbetov (KAZ), Edgar Baron (COL)
		Score by quarters: 1–1, 1–2, 3–1, 2–2
		Leonard 3	Goals	Vaughan 2

22 June 2022 19:30	Report	United States	11–7	Netherlands	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Ivan Raković (SRB), Megan Perry (NZL)
		Score by quarters: 3–2, 3–1, 3–2, 2–2
		Musselman 4	Goals	Van de Kraats, Moolhuijzen 2

24 June 2022 18:00	Report	United States	23–3	Argentina	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Harvey Hinds (CUR), Megan Perry (NZL)
		Score by quarters: 6–0, 5–0, 6–2, 6–1
		Haralabidis, Weber 4	Goals	three players 1

24 June 2022 19:30	Report	Netherlands	22–1	South Africa	Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex, Debrecen Referees: Ivan Raković (SRB), Edgar Baron (COL)
		Score by quarters: 5–1, 4–0, 7–0, 6–0
		Moolhuijzen 5	Goals	Versfeld 1

Group C edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Australia	3	3	0	47	13	+34	6	Quarterfinals
2	New Zealand	3	2	1	29	30	−1	4	Playoffs
3	Kazakhstan	3	1	2	27	40	−13	2	Playoffs
4	Brazil	3	0	3	19	39	−20	0

Source: Sportresult
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head number of goals scored; 5) Goal difference.

20 June 2022 18:00	Report	New Zealand	12–8	Brazil	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: Radu Matache (ROU), Agustin Pinski (ARG)
		Score by quarters: 3–3, 5–2, 3–3, 1–0
		McDowall 4	Goals	Leão 3

20 June 2022 19:30	Report	Kazakhstan	6–19	Australia	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: György Kun (HUN), Chisato Kurosaki (JPN)
		Score by quarters: 1–6, 1–9, 3–3, 1–1
		Yeremina 3	Goals	Arancini 5

22 June 2022 18:00	Report	Australia	11–2	New Zealand	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: Asumi Tsuzaki (JPN), Agustin Pinski (ARG)
		Score by quarters: 3–1, 4–1, 3–0, 1–0
		Halligan 3	Goals	McDowall, Nicholson 1

22 June 2022 19:30	Report	Brazil	6–10	Kazakhstan	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: Radu Matache (ROU), Georgios Stavridis (GRE)
		Score by quarters: 2–3, 2–2, 1–1, 1–4
		Coutinho 2	Goals	Turova, Yeremina 3

24 June 2022 18:00	Report	Brazil	5–17	Australia	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: György Kun (HUN), Asumi Tsuzaki (JPN)
		Score by quarters: 1–5, 0–4, 1–5, 3–3
		Belorio 2	Goals	Halligan 5

24 June 2022 19:30	Report	Kazakhstan	11–15	New Zealand	Sopron Lőver Pool, Sopron Referees: Maro Savinović (CRO), Agustin Pinski (ARG)
		Score by quarters: 3–4, 5–2, 2–5, 1–4
		Muravyeva 3	Goals	Josephson 4

Group D edit

Pos	Team	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Greece	3	2	1	0	53	15	+38	5^[a]	Quarterfinals
2	Spain	3	2	1	0	58	20	+38	5^[a]	Playoffs
3	France	3	1	0	2	36	41	−5	2	Playoffs
4	Thailand	3	0	0	3	11	82	−71	0

Source: Sportresult
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head number of goals scored; 5) Goal difference.
Notes:

^ ^a ^b Spain 10–10 Greece

20 June 2022 18:00	Report	Greece	28–1	Thailand	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Helene Painchaud (CAN), Fabio Toffoli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 7–0, 9–0, 5–0, 7–1
		Xenaki 5	Goals	Puangtong 1

20 June 2022 19:30	Report	France	8–18	Spain	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Levan Berishvili (GEO), Raffaele Colombo (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 1–4, 3–3, 2–5, 2–6
		Vernoux 4	Goals	Forca 5

22 June 2022 18:00	Report	Spain	10–10	Greece	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Levan Berishvili (GEO), Veselin Mišković (MNE)
		Score by quarters: 2–3, 4–3, 2–2, 2–2
		Ruiz 4	Goals	E. Plevritou, V. Plevritou 3

22 June 2022 19:30	Report	Thailand	8–24	France	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Hélène Painchaud (CAN), Fabio Toffoli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 2–6, 2–7, 0–7, 4–4
		Puangtong 4	Goals	Guillet 6

24 June 2022 18:00	Report	Thailand	2–30	Spain	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Fabio Toffoli (BRA), Veselin Mišković (MNE)
		Score by quarters: 0–5, 0–7, 2–11, 0–7
		Puangtong 2	Goals	Forca 7

24 June 2022 19:30	Report	France	4–15	Greece	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Hélène Painchaud (CAN), Raffaele Colombo (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 1–4, 1–4, 1–3, 1–4
		Bouloukbachi 2	Goals	three players 3

Knockout stage edit

Bracket edit

Championship bracket

Playoffs

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

28 June

Italy

17

26 June

France

7

New Zealand

9 (4)

30 June

France (PSO)

9 (5)

Italy

6

United States

14

28 June

United States

13

26 June

Spain

8

Kazakhstan

1

2 July

Spain

14

United States

9

Hungary

7

28 June

Australia

6

26 June

Hungary

7

Hungary

23

30 June

Argentina

6

Hungary

13

Netherlands

12

Third place

28 June

2 July

Greece

7

Italy

5

26 June

Netherlands

12

Netherlands

7

Canada

7

Netherlands

10

5th place bracket

5th–8th place semifinals		Fifth place game

30 June

France	5
		2 July
Spain	18
		Spain	8
30 June
		Australia	5
Australia (PSO)	12 (4)

Greece	12 (2)
		Seventh place game

		2 July

		France	7

		Greece	16

9th place bracket

9th–12th place semifinals		Ninth place game

28 June

Argentina	7
		30 June
New Zealand	13
		New Zealand	11
28 June
		Canada	20
Kazakhstan	11

Canada	19
		Eleventh place game

		30 June

		Argentina	6

		Kazakhstan	12

13th place bracket

13th–16th place semifinals		13th place game

26 June

Colombia	11
		28 June
South Africa	14
		South Africa	8
26 June
		Brazil	7
Brazil	12

Thailand	9
		15th place game

		28 June

		Colombia	6

		Thailand	10

Playoffs edit

26 June 2022 14:00	Report	Canada	7–10	Netherlands	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Raffaele Colombo (ITA), David Gómez (ESP)
		Score by quarters: 2–1, 1–2, 2–6, 2–1
		seven players 1	Goals	three players 2

26 June 2022 15:30	Report	New Zealand	13–14	France	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Georgios Stavridis (GRE), Adil Aimbetov (KAZ)
		Score by quarters: 2–1, 3–3, 2–3, 2–2 PSO: 4–5
		McDowall 5	Goals	Dhalluin 4

26 June 2022 17:00	Report	Kazakhstan	1–14	Spain	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Helene Painchaud (CAN), Harvey Hinds (CUR)
		Score by quarters: 0–4, 1–2, 0–7, 0–1
		Turova 1	Goals	Ortiz 4

26 June 2022 18:30	Report	Hungary	23–6	Argentina	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Dion Willis (RSA), Maro Savinović (CRO)
		Score by quarters: 4–0, 7–2, 6–3, 6–1
		Gurisatti 5	Goals	Leonard 3

Quarterfinals edit

28 June 2022 13:00	Report	Italy	17–7	France	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Helene Painchaud (CAN), Maro Savinović (CRO)
		Score by quarters: 3–2, 4–1, 6–1, 4–3
		Giustini 6	Goals	Guillet 4

28 June 2022 16:00	Report	United States	13–8	Spain	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Georgios Stavridis (GRE), Frank Ohme (GER)
		Score by quarters: 3–3, 3–2, 5–3, 2–0
		Haralabidis 6	Goals	Forca, García Godoy 2

28 June 2022 19:30	Report	Greece	7–12	Netherlands	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: David Gómez (ESP), Boris Margeta (SLO)
		Score by quarters: 1–3, 2–3, 3–3, 1–3
		Patra, E. Plevritou 2	Goals	Moolhuijzen 4

28 June 2022 21:00	Report	Australia	6–7	Hungary	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Michael Goldenberg (USA), Raffaele Colombo (ITA)
		Score by quarters: 3–2, 0–1, 0–2, 3–2
		Halligan 3	Goals	Keszthelyi 3

13–16th place semifinals edit

26 June 2022 17:00	Report	Colombia	11–14	South Africa	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Asumi Tsuzaki (JPN), Pascal Bouchez (FRA)
		Score by quarters: 3–4, 3–5, 3–3, 2–2
		Marín, Vanegas 3	Goals	MacLeod 4

26 June 2022 18:30	Report	Brazil	12–9	Thailand	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Megan Perry (NZL), Anbar Anbar (KUW)
		Score by quarters: 4–1, 4–1, 3–3, 1–4
		Ferreira 6	Goals	Puangton, Turon 4

9–12th place semifinals edit

28 June 2022 17:00	Report	Argentina	7–13	New Zealand	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Levan Berishvili (GEO), Radu Matache (ROU)
		Score by quarters: 3–3, 2–4, 1–4, 1–2
		Ruiz 3	Goals	five players 2

28 June 2022 18:30	Report	Canada	19–11	Kazakhstan	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Ivan Raković (SRB), Fabio Toffoli (BRA)
		Score by quarters: 3–2, 6–3, 5–3, 5–3
		three players 4	Goals	Yeremina 3

5–8th place semifinals edit

30 June 2022 14:30	Report	France	5–18	Spain	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Adil Aimbetov (KAZ), Dion Willis (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 1–3, 2–3, 1–5, 1–7
		five players 1	Goals	four players 3

30 June 2022 19:30	Report	Australia	16–14	Greece	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Raffaele Colombo (ITA), György Kun (HUN)
		Score by quarters: 2–2, 4–2, 4–4, 2–4 PSO: 4–2
		Leeson-Smith, Ridge 3	Goals	Xenaki 4

Semifinals edit

30 June 2022 16:00	Report	Italy	6–14	United States	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Georgios Stavridis (GRE), David Gómez (ESP)
		Score by quarters: 0–3, 2–3, 1–4, 3–4
		Avegno, Bianconi 2	Goals	five players 2

30 June 2022 21:00	Report	Hungary	13–12	Netherlands	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Maro Savinović (CRO), Frank Ohme (GER)
		Score by quarters: 2–3, 4–3, 5–4, 2–2
		Leimeter 4	Goals	Van de Kraats 5

15th place game edit

28 June 2022 14:00	Report	Colombia	6–10	Thailand	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Asumi Tsuzaki (JPN), Agustin Pinski (ARG)
		Score by quarters: 2–2, 2–1, 2–2, 0–5
		Restrepo 5	Goals	Puengpongsakul 3

13th place game edit

28 June 2022 15:30	Report	South Africa	8–7	Brazil	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Megan Perry (NZL), Veselin Mišković (MNE)
		Score by quarters: 2–2, 3–3, 0–1, 3–1
		January 2	Goals	Coutinho 3

Eleventh place game edit

30 June 2022 17:00	Report	Argentina	6–12	Kazakhstan	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Levan Berishvili (GEO), Edgar Baron (COL)
		Score by quarters: 2–4, 1–3, 1–3, 2–2
		Leonard 3	Goals	Roga 5

Ninth place game edit

30 June 2022 18:30	Report	New Zealand	11–20	Canada	Szeged Tiszavirag Pool, Szeged Referees: Pascal Bouchez (FRA), Veselin Mišković (MNE)
		Score by quarters: 1–4, 1–5, 5–6, 4–5
		Houghton 6	Goals	Lekness 4

Seventh place game edit

2 July 2022 13:00	Report	France	7–16	Greece	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Veselin Mišković (MNE), Dion Willis (RSA)
		Score by quarters: 2–5, 1–3, 2–5, 2–3
		Millot 3	Goals	Myriokefalitaki 5

Fifth place game edit

2 July 2022 17:00	Report	Spain	8–5	Australia	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Helene Painchaud (CAN), Ivan Raković (SRB)
		Score by quarters: 2–0, 1–1, 3–1, 2–3
		three players 2	Goals	five players 1

Third place game edit

2 July 2022 14:30	Report	Italy	5–7	Netherlands	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Maro Savinović (CRO), Georgios Stavridis (GRE)
		Score by quarters: 2–1, 2–1, 0–2, 1–3
		Giustini, Marletta 2	Goals	seven players 1

Final edit

2 July 2022 20:00	Report	United States	9–7	Hungary	Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium, Budapest Referees: Boris Margeta (SLO), Frank Ohme (GER)
		Score by quarters: 2–1, 2–2, 3–1, 2–3
		Musselman 5	Goals	Gurisatti 3

Final ranking edit

Rank^[7]	Team
	United States
	Hungary
	Netherlands
4	Italy
5	Spain
6	Australia
7	Greece
8	France
9	Canada
10	New Zealand
11	Kazakhstan
12	Argentina
13	South Africa
14	Brazil
15	Thailand
16	Colombia

2022 Women's Water Polo World Champions United States Seventh title

Awards and statistics edit

Top goalscorers edit


Rank	Name	Goals^[8]	Shots	%
1	Judith Forca	21	46	46
1	Beatriz Ortiz	21	44	48
3	Maddie Musselman	20	28	71
4	Rita Keszthelyi	18	46	39
	Simone van de Kraats		35	51
	Stephania Haralabidis		27	67
7	Gréta Gurisatti	17	38	45
	Sofia Giustini		32	53
	Lola Moolhuijzen		30	57
	Elena Ruiz		41	41

Awards edit

The awards were announced on 2 July 2022.^[2]

Position	Player
Goalkeeper	Ashleigh Johnson
Field player	Bronte Halligan
	Rita Keszthelyi
	Lola Moohuijzen
	Judith Forca
	Beatriz Ortiz
	Maddie Musselman
Most Valuable Goalkeeper	Ashleigh Johnson
Most Valuable Player in Final	Maddie Musselman

References edit

^ "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Dominant USA water polo women squeeze home against Hungary". fina.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ "Netherlands overcomes Italy in see-sawing bronze-medal final". fina.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Draw for World Championships: Four debutants in Budapest". total-waterpolo.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
^ "Press release – FINA Bureau meets, makes further decisions on Russian and Belarusian athletes and event hosting". fina.org. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
^ "Draw results for the men's and women's water polo tournament at the 19th FINA World Championships". fina.org. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
^ "World Aquatics Championships - Budapest 2022-Final Standings". worldaquatics.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ Top scorers

External links edit

19th FINA World Championships Budapest 2022 FINA Water Polo website
Records and statistics (reports by Omega)
Water polo at the 2022 World Championships – Women's tournament total-waterpolo.com
Women Water Polo XIX World Championship 2022 Budapest, Hungary todor66.com

[table_hth_ESP0.38716793590559-7] Spain 10–10 Greece

[HistoFINA_PDF-1] "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.

[Final-2] "Dominant USA water polo women squeeze home against Hungary". fina.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[3] "Netherlands overcomes Italy in see-sawing bronze-medal final". fina.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[draw-4] "Draw for World Championships: Four debutants in Budapest". total-waterpolo.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

[5] "Press release – FINA Bureau meets, makes further decisions on Russian and Belarusian athletes and event hosting". fina.org. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

[6] "Draw results for the men's and women's water polo tournament at the 19th FINA World Championships". fina.org. Retrieved 12 April 2022.

[8] "World Aquatics Championships - Budapest 2022-Final Standings". worldaquatics.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[9] Top scorers

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[a]

[7]

[8]