Wano is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Central Papua.
| Wano | |
|---|---|
| Region | Central Papua |
| Ethnicity | Wano |
Native speakers | 1,000 (2011)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wno |
| Glottolog | wano1243 |
| ELP | Wano |
Phonology edit
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k | ʔ | |
| Fricative | β | ||||
| Approximant | j | w |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Close | a | |
As well as the monophthongs described above, Wano also has seven diphthongs: /i̯a/, /ɛi̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/, /ɔi̯/, /ɔu̯/, and /ui̯/.[2]
Allophony edit
- The voiced plosives /b/ and /d/ are imploded to /ɓ/ and /ɗ/ when word-initially and intervocalically.[2]
- When a nasal occurs before /p/, /p/ becomes a prenasalized voiced plosive [ᵐb]. Similarly, when a nasal occurs before /t/ or /k/, they become, respectively, [ⁿd] and [ᵑɡ].[2]
- /p/, /k/, /ɡ/, and /ɡ/'s allophone, [ᵑɡ] become labialized before /w/, with /ɡ/ becoming [ɣʷ].[2]
- The sequences /tj/ and /dj/ become the palatal fricatives /ç ʝ/.[2] However, this analysis more signifies the corresponding Dutch digraphs, since these have no morphological significance, and in the modern orthography these are written as ⟨c⟩ and ⟨j⟩.
Grammar edit
Nouns edit
Inalienable nouns could be pluralized by suffixing -i (after consonants) or -vi (after vowels), while alienable nouns do not (similar to Indonesian, where pluralization is optional).[3] The inalienable plurals can be postposed with numerals (aburi kena "her two children").
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Wano at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e f g Burung, Willem (2007). The Phonology of Wano (PDF). SIL International.
- ^ Burung, Willem (2016). A grammar of Wano (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.