Wallingford was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885.
Wallingford | |
---|---|
Former Borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
1295–1885 | |
Replaced by | Abingdon |
It was a parliamentary borough created in 1295, centred on the market town Wallingford in Berkshire (now in Oxfordshire). It used to return two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons; this was cut to one in 1832, and the constituency was abolished in 1885. The town of Wallingford is now within the constituency of Wantage.
History
editBefore 1832 the borough consisted only of the town of Wallingford, which by the 19th century was divided into four parishes. The franchise was limited to (male) inhabitants paying scot and lot, a local tax. Namier and Brooke estimated that the number of electors in the mid-18th century was about 200;[1] but the number fluctuated considerably with the fortunes of the town, which had no manufacturing interests and considerable unemployment at some periods. There were never enough voters to avoid the risk of corruption, and systematic bribery generally prevailed, with anything up to 150 votes being bought and sold at any one election. (In 1754, Thomas Sewell, one of the Whig candidates, spent over £1000 of his own money and not only was this reimbursed from the "secret service" funds but the government spent further money unsuccessfully attempting to secure him a seat in Wallingford.[2]) By the 19th century Wallingford was regarded as one of the worst of the rotten boroughs, and Oldfield recorded in 1816 that the price of a vote was 40 guineas.
The 1831 census found the borough had a population of about 2,500, and 485 houses. Under the Reform Act 1832, the constituency was allowed to survive and to keep one of its two MPs, but the boundaries were considerably extended, taking in the Wallingford Castle precincts, which had previously been excluded, and all or part of a dozen neighbouring parishes including Benson and Crowmarsh, and part of Cholsey. This change of boundaries almost trebled the population, but the effect on the electorate was much smaller. According to the reports on which the Reform Act was based, Wallingford had about 300 men qualified to vote in 1831 (though no more than 230 had ever voted in the previous thirty years). Yet despite the widening of the right to vote, which preserved the ancient right voters of the borough while adding new electors on an occupation franchise, there were only 453 names on the 1832 electoral register for the extended borough. (Stooks Smith records that 166 of these claimed their vote as scot and lot payers, while 287 qualified as £10 occupiers; but many of the latter group presumably paid scot and lot within the old boundaries and could have voted before the Reform Act.)
In 1868 the franchise was further extended and there were 942 registered electors, but the constituency was much too small to survive the Third Reform Act, and was abolished with effect from the general election of 1885. The constituency was mostly included in the new Berkshire North or Abingdon county constituency, but Benson and the other parts of the extended borough on the Oxfordshire side of the Thames were placed in the Oxfordshire South or Henley division of that county.
Members of Parliament
edit1295–1640
edit1640–1832
edit- 1640 (Apr): Edmund Dunch (Parliamentarian); Unton Croke
- 1640 (Nov): Edmund Dunch; Thomas Howard (Royalist) – disabled to sit, January 1644
- 1645: Edmund Dunch ;Robert Packer – excluded in Pride's Purge, December 1648
- 1648: Edmund Dunch (one seat only)
- 1653: Wallingford not represented in Barebones Parliament
- 1654: Wallingford not represented in first Protectorate Parliament
- 1656: Wallingford not represented in second Protectorate Parliament
- 1659: William Cook; Walter Bigg
- Constituency reduced to one seat, (1832)
1832–1885
editYear | Member | Party | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1832 | William Seymour Blackstone | Tory[3] | ||
1834 | Conservative[3] | |||
1852 | Richard Malins | Conservative | ||
1865 | Sir Wentworth Dilke, Bt | Liberal | ||
1868 | Stanley Vickers | Conservative | Died 24 February 1872 | |
1872 | Edward Wells | Conservative | ||
1880 | Walter Wren | Liberal | Election declared void, on petition, 19 June 1880 | |
1880 | Pandeli Ralli | Liberal |
- Constituency abolished (1885)
Elections
editElectoral system: The block vote electoral system was used in two seat elections and first past the post for single member elections. Each voter had up to as many votes as there were seats to be filled. Votes had to be cast by a spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings (until the secret ballot was introduced in 1872).
Percentage change calculations: Where there was only one candidate of a party in successive elections, for the same number of seats, change is calculated on the party percentage vote. Where there was more than one candidate, in one or both successive elections for the same number of seats, then change is calculated on the individual percentage vote.
Sources (unless otherwise indicated): (1754–1784) Namier and Brooke; (1790–1831) Stooks Smith; (1832–1880) Craig. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information or differs from the other sources this is indicated in a note after the result.
Swing: Positive swing is from Whig/Liberal to Tory/Conservative. Negative swing is from Tory/Conservative to Whig/Liberal.
1750-1760s – 1770-1780s –
1790s – 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s |
Elections in the 1750s and 1760s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Hervey | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Ashcroft | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Thomas Sewell | Defeated | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | The Viscount Castlecomer 1 | Defeated | N/A | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Hervey | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan | John Gibbons | Unopposed |
- Death of Hervey
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | George Pigot | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan hold |
- Creation of Pigot as the 1st Baron Pigot in the Peerage of Ireland, 1766
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Aubrey | 69 | 39.7 | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Robert Pigot | 67 | 38.5 | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | John Gibbons | 38 | 21.8 | N/A | |
Turnout | 174 | N/A | N/A |
Elections in the 1770s and 1780s
edit- Seat vacated on the appointment of Pigot as Warden of the Mint
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Cator | 90 | 52.9 | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Robert Pigot | 80 | 47.1 | N/A | |
Majority | 10 | 5.9 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 170 | N/A | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Cator | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Robert Barker | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Thomas Wenman | Defeated | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | William Nedham | Defeated | N/A | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Aubrey | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan | Chaloner Arcedeckne | Unopposed |
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Aubrey as a Lord of the Admiralty 2
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Aubrey | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan hold |
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Aubrey to an office
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Aubrey | 113 | 66.1 | N/A | |
Nonpartisan | Thomas Keating | 58 | 33.9 | N/A | |
Majority | 55 | 32.2 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 171 | N/A | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Seat vacated on the appointment of Aubrey as a Commissioner of the Treasury 2
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan hold |
- Note (1784 by-election): Namier and Brooke do not include this by-election, which is noted in Stooks Smith's book. Stooks Smith does not include the previous by-election won by Aubrey.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan | Thomas Aubrey | Unopposed |
Elections in the 1790s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan | Nathaniel Wraxall | Unopposed |
- Resignation of Wraxall
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Tory gain from Nonpartisan |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Whig | Sampson Eardley 1 | Unopposed |
Elections in the 1800s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Francis Sykes | Unopposed | |||
Whig | William Hughes | Unopposed |
- Death of Sykes
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | George Galway Mills | Unopposed | |||
Nonpartisan gain from Tory |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | Unopposed | |||
Tory | Richard Benyon | Unopposed |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | Unopposed | |||
Tory | Richard Benyon | Unopposed |
Elections in the 1810s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | Unopposed | |||
Tory | Ebenezer Maitland | Unopposed |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Tory | Ebenezer Maitland | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Whig | George James Robarts | Defeated | N/A | N/A |
Elections in the 1820s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Whig | George James Robarts | Elected | N/A | N/A | |
Tory | Ebenezer Maitland | Defeated | N/A | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | 151 | 42.4 | N/A | |
Whig | George James Robarts | 125 | 35.1 | N/A | |
Tory | John Dodson | 80 | 22.5 | N/A | |
Majority | 45 | 12.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 356 | N/A | N/A | ||
Whig hold | Swing | ||||
Whig hold | Swing |
- Resignation of Robarts
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Robert Knight | 117 | 58.2 | N/A | |
Tory | John Bailey (candidate) | 84 | 41.8 | N/A | |
Majority | 33 | 16.4 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 201 | N/A | N/A | ||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1830s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | 47 | 47.0 | +4.6 | |
Whig | Robert Knight | 31 | 31.0 | -4.1 | |
Tory | John Bayley | 22 | 22.0 | -0.5 | |
Majority | 9 | 9.0 | -3.6 | ||
Turnout | c. 50 | c. 17.2 | |||
Registered electors | c. 290 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | ||||
Whig hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Hughes | 196 | 48.8 | +1.8 | |
Whig | Robert Knight | 152 | 37.8 | +6.8 | |
Tory | William Seymour Blackstone | 54 | 13.4 | −8.6 | |
Majority | 98 | 24.4 | +15.4 | ||
Turnout | c. 201 | c. 69.3 | c. +52.1 | ||
Registered electors | c. 290 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | +3.1 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +5.6 |
- Creation of Hughes as the 1st Baron Dinorben
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Thomas Charles Leigh | 119 | 63.6 | −23.0 | |
Tory | William Seymour Blackstone | 68 | 36.4 | +23.0 | |
Majority | 51 | 27.2 | +2.8 | ||
Turnout | 187 | c. 64.5 | −4.8 | ||
Registered electors | c. 290 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | −23.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | William Seymour Blackstone | 202 | 55.0 | +41.6 | |
Whig | Charles Eyston | 165 | 45.0 | −41.6 | |
Majority | 37 | 10.0 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 367 | 81.0 | c. +11.7 | ||
Registered electors | 453 | ||||
Tory gain from Whig | Swing | +41.6 |
- Note (1832): Blackstone used crimson and white colours and Eyston used green.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Seymour Blackstone | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 366 | ||||
Conservative hold |
- Note (1835): Stooks Smith gives the registered electors as 344.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Seymour Blackstone | 159 | 57.4 | ||
Whig | Thomas Teed | 118 | 42.6 | ||
Majority | 41 | 14.8 | |||
Turnout | 277 | 83.2 | |||
Registered electors | 333 | ||||
Conservative hold |
- Note (1837): Stooks Smith gives the registered electorate as 322. Blackstone used crimson and white colours and Teed used light blue.
Elections in the 1840s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Seymour Blackstone | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 386 | ||||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Seymour Blackstone | 166 | 51.9 | N/A | |
Whig | Alfred Morrison[7] | 154 | 48.1 | New | |
Majority | 12 | 3.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 320 | 80.4 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 398 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1850s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Richard Malins | 174 | 50.9 | -1.0 | |
Whig | Alfred Morrison[7][8] | 168 | 49.1 | +1.0 | |
Majority | 6 | 1.8 | -2.0 | ||
Turnout | 342 | 79.9 | -0.5 | ||
Registered electors | 428 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | -1.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Richard Malins | 149 | 52.5 | +1.6 | |
Whig | Alfred Sartoris[9][10] | 135 | 47.5 | -1.6 | |
Majority | 14 | 5.0 | +3.2 | ||
Turnout | 284 | 76.5 | -3.4 | ||
Registered electors | 371 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +1.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Richard Malins | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 381 | ||||
Conservative hold |
Elections in the 1860s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Wentworth Dilke | 158 | 54.5 | New | |
Conservative | Richard Malins | 132 | 45.5 | N/A | |
Majority | 26 | 9.0 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 290 | 81.2 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 357 | ||||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Stanley Vickers | 453 | 55.9 | +10.4 | |
Liberal | Wentworth Dilke | 358 | 44.1 | -10.4 | |
Majority | 95 | 11.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 811 | 86.1 | +4.9 | ||
Registered electors | 942 | ||||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +10.3 |
Elections in the 1870s
edit- Death of Vickers
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Wells | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Wells | 575 | 56.8 | N/A | |
Liberal | Edwin Jones[11] | 437 | 43.2 | N/A | |
Majority | 138 | 13.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 1,012 | 88.7 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 1,141 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1880s
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Walter Wren | 582 | 51.8 | +8.6 | |
Conservative | Edward Wells | 541 | 48.2 | -8.6 | |
Majority | 41 | 3.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 1,123 | 91.6 | +2.9 | ||
Registered electors | 1,226 | ||||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | -8.7 |
- Election declared void on petition
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Pandeli Ralli | 567 | 50.9 | −0.9 | |
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 548 | 49.1 | +0.9 | |
Majority | 19 | 1.8 | -1.8 | ||
Turnout | 1,115 | 91.0 | −0.6 | ||
Registered electors | 1,226 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | −0.9 |
- Constituency abolished (1885)
Notes:-
- 1 A Peer of Ireland.
- 2 This is the office attributed to the MP by Stooks Smith. However Pigot in 1772 does not appear on the Wikipedia list of Masters of the Mint.
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j J A Cannon (1964). "Wallingford". In Namier, Sir Lewis; Brooke, John (eds.). The House of Commons 1754-1790. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ Page 198, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Stooks Smith 1973.
- ^ a b c Fisher, David R. "Wallingford". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ "Wednesday's Post". Worcester Journal. 5 May 1831. p. 2. Retrieved 28 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
- ^ a b "Wallingford". Berkshire Chronicle. 3 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The General Election". Morning Post. 24 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Oxford Chronicle and Reading Gazette". 21 March 1857. pp. 7–8. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Oxford University and City Herald". 21 March 1857. p. 9. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Wallingford". Reading Mercury. 7 March 1874. p. 4. Retrieved 21 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Sources
edit- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- J. K. Hedges, Wallingford History (London: Wm Clowes, 1881)
- Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The House of Commons 1754–1790, (London: HMSO, 1964)
- Robert Henry O'Byrne The representative history of Great Britain and Ireland, comprising biographical and genealogical notices of the Members of Parliament from Edward VI 1547 to Victoria 1847. (London, John Ollivier, 1848)
- T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 1)
- M. Stenton (ed.), Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885 (The Harvester Press, 1976)
- Stooks Smith, Henry (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 9–11. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
- Frederic A Youngs, "Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol I" (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979)