WR 114 is a Wolf-Rayet star in the constellation of Scutum. It is an early type star of the carbon sequence (WCE) classified as WC5.
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Scutum |
| Right ascension | 18h 23m 16.34s[1] |
| Declination | −13° 43′ 26.2″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.02[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Wolf-Rayet |
| Spectral type | WC5[3] |
| U−B color index | +0.54[2] |
| B−V color index | +0.97[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 0.307[4] mas/yr Dec.: −1.931[4] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 0.4500 ± 0.0369 mas[4] |
| Distance | 7,200 ± 600 ly (2,200 ± 200 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | −4.19[3] |
| Details[3] | |
| Mass | 13.1+1.3 −1.0 M☉ |
| Radius | 2.68 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 245,000 L☉ |
| Temperature | 79,000 K |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Companion
editWR 114 is listed in the Catalogue of galactic Wolf Rayet stars as a possible binary system with an OB companion, but more recent studies have not confirmed this and it is now considered a single WC5 star. No x-rays have been detected from WR 114, which would be expected by a close hot companion.[5][6]
Properties
editThe modelled temperature as a single star is 79,000 K, but this is an arbitrary temperature. A Wolf-Rayet star consists of a dense "core", with its surface defined as the sonic point, and a surrounding optically dense wind. The observed radiation from the star is entirely generated at different layers within the wind. The properties of a Wolf Rayet star are typically reported at an "inner boundary" of the wind, arbitrarily set at an optical depth of 20. The radius of this inner boundary in WR 114 is 2.51 R☉. The sonic point of WR 114 lies at about optical depth 60. At this level the temperature is much hotter. Another common definition for the surface of a star is at optical depth 2/3. For WR 114, this is at about 3.2 R☉ and the corresponding temperature is around 65,000 K. The luminosity is around 245,000 L☉ due to the extreme temperature, with most of this emitted as ultraviolet radiation.[3][7]
The stellar wind from WR 114 is powered by the high temperature and luminosity to a speed of 2,000 km/s.[6] It is calculated to have a current mass of 13 M☉ and to be losing this mass at three millionths of M☉ per year.[3]
IRC −10414
editWR 114 is about 45" from another luminous star of similar brightness. IRC −10414 is a red supergiant about 6,500 light years away. At this distance, the projected separation between the two stars would be 0.43 parsecs. WR 114 is listed in the Catalogue of galactic Wolf Rayet stars at around 6,500 light years, but more recent modelling estimates it to be brighter and hence probably more distant. IRC −10414 is a runaway with a visible bow shock and it is thought that a Wolf-Rayet star less than half a parsec away would disrupt the bow shock. It is still speculated that the two stars may have a common origin.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
- ^ a b c Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
- ^ a b c d e Sander, A. A. C.; Hamann, W.-R.; Todt, H.; Hainich, R.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). "The Galactic WC and WO stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621: A92. arXiv:1807.04293. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833712. S2CID 67754788.
- ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Ignace, R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Pollock, A. M. T.; Brown, J. C.; Hamann, W.-R. (2002). "X-rays from Wolf-Rayet Stars". American Astronomical Society. 201: 33.08. Bibcode:2002AAS...201.3308I.
- ^ a b Oskinova, L. M.; Ignace, R.; Hamann, W.-R.; Pollock, A. M. T.; Brown, J. C. (2003). "The conspicuous absence of X-ray emission from carbon-enriched Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 402 (2): 755–766. arXiv:astro-ph/0303025. Bibcode:2003A&A...402..755O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030300. S2CID 9755058.
- ^ Gräfener, G.; Vink, J. S. (2013). "Stellar mass-loss near the Eddington limit. Tracing the sub-photospheric layers of classical Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 560: A6. arXiv:1309.6236. Bibcode:2013A&A...560A...6G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321914. S2CID 118385793.
- ^ Gvaramadze, V. V.; Menten, K. M.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Langer, N.; MacKey, J.; Kraus, A.; Meyer, D. M.-A.; Kamiński, T. (2014). "IRC -10414: A bow-shock-producing red supergiant star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): 843. arXiv:1310.2245. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437..843G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1943. S2CID 118416927.