Yacoob316

Regarding Kerma article

You seem to be somewhat misunderstanding the Rilly and Cooper sources and editing the Kerma culture page to state that they propose that the Kerma people spoke (or might have spoken) Afro-Asiatic languages prior to the arrival of Nilo-Saharan speakers. However, neither of them appear to argue this. Rilly proposes that the Kerma region likely spoke Nilo-Saharan languages (likely beginning in the pre-historic period), and criticizes the hypothesis of an Afro-Asiatic substratum in the region. And Cooper proposes that Lower Nubia (peoples such as the polities of Wawat, Medjay, and Wetenet, and the C-group culture) spoke Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) languages in early periods before the arrival of Nilo-Saharan/Meroitic, but he does not propose this for Kerma (which is in Lower, i.e. southern Nubia, not Upper Nubia) — and the article is about Kerma. Instead Cooper argues that the evidence suggests Nilo-Saharan in Sai, Kerma, and the regions immediately south of Kerma (Upper Nubia), and Afro-Asiatic in the regions north of Sai (Lower Nubia), prior to the expansion of Nilo-Saharan (which he hypothesizes expanded from the Sai/Kerma region northward later to include Upper Nubia where it had not been spoken previously). I have, as a compromise, added mention of the hypothesis of Afro-Asiatic in Lower Nubia to the beginning of the Language section. But it seems that that information may be best suited to the Language section of the C-Group culture article, since Cooper suggests that the C-Group culture of Lower Nubia may have spoken a Cushitic language related to Beja. It may be best to discuss in the Talk page before making further changes. Please see the topic I started on the Talk page below: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kerma_culture#Sources_and_language_affinity_of_Kerma. Skllagyook (talk) 18:53, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

There is currently a discussion at Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Skllagyook (talk) 19:49, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

There is currently a discussion at Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Skllagyook (talk) 19:49, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

October 2019

Your recent editing history at Kerma culture shows that you are currently engaged in an edit war; that means that you are repeatedly changing content back to how you think it should be, when you have seen that other editors disagree. To resolve the content dispute, please do not revert or change the edits of others when you are reverted. Instead of reverting, please use the talk page to work toward making a version that represents consensus among editors. The best practice at this stage is to discuss, not edit-war. See the bold, revert, discuss cycle for how this is done. If discussions reach an impasse, you can then post a request for help at a relevant noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, you may wish to request temporary page protection.

Being involved in an edit war can result in you being blocked from editing—especially if you violate the three-revert rule, which states that an editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page within a 24-hour period. Undoing another editor's work—whether in whole or in part, whether involving the same or different material each time—counts as a revert. Also keep in mind that while violating the three-revert rule often leads to a block, you can still be blocked for edit warring—even if you don't violate the three-revert rule—should your behavior indicate that you intend to continue reverting repeatedly. Captain Eek ^{Edits Ho Cap'n!}⚓ 20:17, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

Regarding the Kerma article and sources: some clarifications

Regarding the issue of the linguistic affinity of the Kerma culture, here are some clarifications of my points, which I may not have expressed well initially (I have also posted them recently on the Kerma culture Talk page.)

It is true that the Kerma kingdom did later/eventually extend its influence northward to Lower Nubia (until Lower Nubia was conquered by Egypt), but Lower Nubia was not the region in which the Kerma culture originated or was based, and Rilly and Cooper both argue that Nilo-Saharan languages were/had been (and continued to be) spoken in the Kerma culture's Upper/southern Nubian homeland. Cooper makes a distinction (please see the quotes and sources above) between the cultures native to Lower Nubia (such as the Medjay, C-Group, etc.) which he argues were Afro-Asiatic, and the Kerma culture which was native to and based/centered in Upper Nubia (Kush) which he argues was Nilo-Saharan. So, to further clarify, When Rilly and Cooper refer to "Kerma" or the "Kerma culture" (or also, in Cooper's case, to "Kush"), they are referring to it in its original geographical base (and center) in Upper Nubia (the greater region around the ancient city of Kerma), rather than to the maximal extent of the Kerma kingdom when it later came to dominate parts of the north/Lower Nubia as well, and thus they distinguish it "Kerma" (as an Upper Nubian culture) from the cultures that existed/had existed further north in Nubia at the time (in Lower Nubia, like the C-Group, Medjay, Wawat, A-Group

Also, Here is the full quote from Cooper's Conclusion below (which you partially quoted on in your response on the Talk page) — and which I think you perhaps may have misunderstood. It says that Lower Nubia (originally) spoke Afro-Asiatic languages but that the south and West of Nubia/Upper Nubia (including Kerma) spoke Nilo-Saharan languages (Eastern Sudanic), i.e. "early-Meroitic", which later encroached northward to Lower Nubia from Upper Nubia. The three linguistic blocs (originally present in Nubia) identified by Cooper are: a branch Afro-Asiatic (likely a branch of Cushitic) in Lower Nubia), a Eastern Sudanic-speaking (Nilo-Saharan) region in South/Upper Nubia, and another Afro-Asiatic region in the Eastern desert (i.e. east of the Nile, where another kind of Cushitic language likely related to Beja was spoken). Though two other regions of Nubia are thought (by Cooper) to have been Afro-Asiatic-speaking (until later), the region from where the Kerma culture originated and where it was based (Upper Nubia) is thought by Cooper to have been Nilo-Saharan-speaking (both earlier and later on).

The quote:

"The toponymic data in Egyptian texts has broadly identified at least three linguistic blocs in the Middle Nile region of the second and first millennium BCE, each of which probably exhibited a great degree of internal variation. In Lower Nubia there was an Afroasiatic language, likely a branch of Cushitic. By the end of the first millennium CE this region had been encroached upon and replaced by Eastern Sudanic speakers arriving from the south and west, to be identified first with Meroitic and later migrations attributable to Nubian speakers. Further south in the Middle Nile, with a northern border in the Batn el-Hajar, there was a sphere dominated by Eastern Sudanic speakers, certainly Meroitic speakers but also likely other branches of Eastern Sudanic. In the Eastern Desert, and possibly parts of Lower Nubia, the Beja language was dominant." "Unfortunately, the toponymic data and present state of linguistic analysis does not allow for a more nuanced picture than this, but this must represent the most basic framework for continuing lexical study of African lexical material in Egyptian texts. It is even quite likely that further philological and linguistic research will identify new languages in Ancient Sudan both along the Nile Valley and in the adjacent deserts."

The above quote is from the link/source below. Also see the map on page 198 of link below showing proposed locations of languages and cultures: you will notice that on the map the Kerma region is marked/labelled with/as speaking "pre-Meroitic", a Nilo-Saharan language according to Cooper. But the region north of Kerma is marked as having spoken the C-Group language which he proposes was Afro-Asiatic.

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7d8a387b-f850-4d56-8105-f84a30bf121a/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Cooper%252C%2BToponymic%2BStrata%2Bin%2BAncient%2BNubian%2BPlacenames%252C%2BDotawo%2B4.pdf&type_of_work=Journal+article

Also, please see again the quotes/links which I posted on my the Talk page topics (in the Talk page of the Kerma culture article): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kerma_culture#Sources_and_language_affinity_of_Kerma. and: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kerma_culture#both_cushitic_and_nilotic_languages_were_spoken_in_kerma_according_to_julian_riley

Thank you Skllagyook (talk) 21:16, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

Earlier you wrote on the article Talk page:

"julian cooper did say in his study he specifically stated that the old civilization of kerma people spoke a form of cushitic related to some beja languages before the arrival of the first north eastern Sudanic Merotic language speakers"

However, as explained, and as the passages above show, that (what you wrote above) is not accurate (according to Cooper) and is not what Julien Cooper (or Rilly) argues; he is not referring to the old civilization of Kerma as being originally Cushitic-speaking, but rather the regions of Nubia north and east of Kerma. According to Cooper, The regions that spoke Cushitic languages before the spread of Meroitic were Lower Nubia and parts of the Eastern desert (places north and east of Kerma). But Kerma, being based in Upper (south) Nubia along the Nile, is thought/proposed by Cooper to have spoken a Nilo-Saharan language (early Meroitic) in both early and later periods (please see the quote above about the three blocs as well as my other quotations and explanations here on and the Kerma article's Talk page.).

Thank you :Skllagyook (talk) 22:30, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

April 2020

You have been blocked from editing for a period of 24 hours for edit warring, as you did at Sesea. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions.

During a dispute, you should first try to discuss controversial changes and seek consensus. If that proves unsuccessful, you are encouraged to seek dispute resolution, and in some cases it may be appropriate to request page protection.

If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}.  _signed, Rosguill ^talk 23:32, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Conquest of Shewa

If this is the first article that you have created, you may want to read the guide to writing your first article.

You may want to consider using the Article Wizard to help you create articles.

A tag has been placed on Conquest of Shewa requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from pre-existing sources. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines.

Your submission at Articles for creation: Barbary city-states (July 5)

Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted because it included copyrighted content, which is not permitted on Wikipedia. You are welcome to write an article on the subject, but please do not use copyrighted work.

• Draft:Barbary city-states may be deleted at any time unless the copied text is removed. Copyrighted work cannot be allowed to remain on Wikipedia.
• If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the Articles for creation help desk or on the reviewer's talk page. or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Zoozaz1 (talk) 21:11, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

Hello, Yacoob316! Having an article declined at Articles for Creation can be disappointing. If you are wondering why your article submission was declined, please post a question at the Articles for creation help desk. If you have any other questions about your editing experience, we'd love to help you at the Teahouse, a friendly space on Wikipedia where experienced editors lend a hand to help new editors like yourself! See you there! Zoozaz1 (talk) 21:11, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

Copyvio on Conquest of Shewa, again

Hi there — after your previous attempt at Conquest of Shewa was speedily deleted for being a copyright violation, it seems you've gone ahead and re-created the article. I was hoping that this time you at least would have avoided copyvio problems, but the first passage I checked (the start of 2nd para) seems again to have been lifted verbatim from one of the cited sources, Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places (and BTW speaking of which, the references are all incorrectly formatted and result in 404 errors!). Now, it could be that that's the only copyvio section, but TBH I can't be bothered to check the rest of the article; I think the onus is this time on you to show that you haven't copypasted it — seem fair to you? Regards, -- DoubleGrazing (talk) 15:02, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

Copyright problem: Conquest of Shewa

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Conquest of Shewa, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images from either web sites or printed works. This article appears to contain work copied from https://books.google.it/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA322 https://books.google.it/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164, and therefore to constitute a violation of Wikipedia's copyright policies. The copyrighted text has been or will soon be deleted. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with our copyright policy. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators are liable to be blocked from editing.

If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under license allowed by Wikipedia, then you should do one of the following:

• Have the author release the text under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License (CC BY-SA 3.0) by leaving a message explaining the details at Talk:Conquest of Shewa and send an email with confirmation of permission to "permissions-en (at) wikimedia (dot) org". Make sure they quote the exact page name, Conquest of Shewa, in their email. See Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission for instructions.
• If you hold the copyright to the work: send an e-mail from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en(at)wikimedia(dot)org or a postal message to the Wikimedia Foundation permitting re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License and GNU Free Documentation License, and note that you have done so on Talk:Conquest of Shewa. See Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials for instructions.
• If a note on the original website states that re-use is permitted "under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA), version 3.0", or that the work is released into the public domain, or if you have strong reason to believe it is, leave a note at Talk:Conquest of Shewa with a link to where we can find that note or your explanation of why you believe the content is free for reuse.

It may also be necessary for the text to be modified to have an encyclopedic tone and to follow Wikipedia article layout. For more information on Wikipedia's policies, see Wikipedia's policies and guidelines.

See Wikipedia:Declaration of consent for all enquiries for a template of the permissions letter the copyright holder is expected to send.

If you would like to begin working on a new version of the article you may do so at this temporary page. Leave a note at Talk:Conquest of Shewa saying you have done so and an administrator will move the new article into place once the issue is resolved.

Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 18:20, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

Hello Yacoob316. This is an important issue for me. I love history , and graphically besides the texts , the maps are so importante to be hable to understand it. If you like to help me please do. Its a good idea to place at least at the Ajuran Wars. Its a part of Somalia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hugo Refachinho (talk • contribs) 11:50, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Conquest of Shewa

If this was the first article that you created, you may want to read the guide to writing your first article.

You may want to consider using the Article Wizard to help you create articles.

The page Conquest of Shewa has been speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This was done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appeared to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appeared to be a direct copy from https://books.google.it/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA322 and https://books.google.it/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition has been be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.

Please do not recreate the material without addressing these concerns, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If you think this page should not have been deleted for this reason, you may contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you may open a discussion at Wikipedia:Deletion Review Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 10:11, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Barbary city-states (September 22)

Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted because it included copyrighted content, which is not permitted on Wikipedia. You are welcome to write an article on the subject, but please do not use copyrighted work.

• Draft:Barbary city-states may be deleted at any time unless the copied text is removed. Copyrighted work cannot be allowed to remain on Wikipedia.
• If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the Articles for creation help desk or on the reviewer's talk page. or use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.

Noahfgodard (talk) 20:39, 22 September 2020 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 2

Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Barbaria (East Africa), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mundus. Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ • Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 06:48, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 13

An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Barbaria (East Africa), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Mundus.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 06:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 22

An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Barbaria (East Africa), you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Somali.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 06:25, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Sxb

It’s me sxb I finally made a acc Hamza678yu (talk) 19:40, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Barbary city-states

Hello, Yacoob316. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Barbary city-states".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the {{db-afc}}, {{db-draft}}, or {{db-g13}} code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! UnitedStatesian (talk) 21:22, 5 May 2021 (UTC)