User talk:Mike Cline/Articles Under Contemplation/Conservation status of North American Salmonids
There are XX species of fish in the family Salmonidae found in North America. The conservation status of these North American salmonids varies between state (U.S. and Mexico), provincial (Canada), federal (Canada, U.S. and Mexico) and international authorities. There is no consistent criteria for or definitions of conservation status between state, provincial, federal or international authorities. This list includes only official state, provincial, federal or international conservation status designations.
Key terminology
edit- International
- Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.[1]
- Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining.
- Extinct in the Wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range.
- Critically Endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
- Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild.
- Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.
- Near Threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered in the near future.
- Least Concern (LC) – Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a more at risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.
- Data Deficient (DD) – Not enough data to make an assessment of its risk of extinction.
- Not Evaluated (NE) – Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
- Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.[1]
- Federal
- U.S. Endangered Species Act (1973)
- Endangered: "The term 'endangered species' means any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range other than a species of the Class Insecta determined by the Secretary to constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of this Act would present an overwhelming and overriding risk to man."[2]
- Threatened: "The term 'threatened species' means any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range."[2]
- Distinct population segment (DPS): A distinct population segment is the smallest division of a taxonomic species permitted to be protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
- Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU): An Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) is a population of organisms that is considered distinct for purposes of conservation.
- Species at Risk Act (SARA) (Canada): The Species at Risk Act (SARA) is a piece of Canadian federal legislation which became law in Canada on December 12, 2002. The goal of the Act is to protect endangered or threatened organisms and their habitats. It also manages species which are not yet threatened, but whose existence or habitat is in jeopardy.
- Extirpated: "extirpated species" means a wildlife species that no longer exists in the wild in Canada, but exists elsewhere in the wild.[3]
- Threatened: "threatened species" means a wildlife species that is likely to become an endangered species if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction.[3]
- Endangered: "endangered species" means a wildlife species that is facing imminent extirpation or extinction.[3]
- Species of special concern: "species of special concern" means a wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats.[3]
- State
- Montana: "Montana Species of Concern are defined as vertebrate animals with a state rank of S1, S2, or S3. Vertebrate species with a rank indicating uncertainty (SU), a "range rank" extending below the S3 cutoff (e.g., S3S4), or those ranked S4 for which there is limited baseline information on status are considered Potential Species of Concern."[4]
- Provincial
Subfamily: Coregoninae
editSpecies | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coregonus alpenae† Longjaw cisco | Extinct[5] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus artedi Cisco, northern cisco, lake herring, chub or tullibee | Least Concern[6] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus autumnalis Arctic cisco | Least Concern[7] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus clupeaformis Lake whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus hoyi Bloater | Vulnerable[8] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus huntsmani Atlantic whitefish | Vulnerable[9] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus johannae† Deepwater cisco | Extinct[10] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus kiyi Kiyi | Vulnerable[11] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus laurettae Bering cisco, Lauretta whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus nelsonii Alaska whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus nigripinnis† Blackfin cisco | Extinct[12] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus pidschian Humpback whitefish, bottom whitefish, Arctic whitefish, pidschian | Least Concern[13] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus reighardi Shortnose cisco | Critically Endangered[14] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus sardinella Sardine cisco, least cisco | Least Concern[15] | FWS-ESA Not listed | ||
Coregonus zenithicus Shortjaw cisco | Vulnerable[16] | FWS-ESA Not listed |
Species | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial |
---|---|---|---|
Prosopium abyssicola Bear Lake whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | |
Prosopium coulterii Pygmy whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | BC S4 |
Prosopium cylindraceum Round whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | BC S4 |
Prosopium gemmifer Bonneville cisco | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | |
Prosopium spilonotus Bonneville whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | |
Prosopium williamsoni Mountain whitefish | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not listed | BC S5 |
Species | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial |
---|---|---|---|
Stenodus nelma Nelma, innconu, sheefish | Least Concern [17] | FWS-ESA Not listed |
Subfamily: Salmoninae
editGenus Oncorhynchus
editSpecies | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oncorhynchus apache Apache trout, Arizona trout | Critically Endangered[18] | FWS-ESA: Threatened[19] | Arizona - subject to a recovery plan[20] | |||
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster Mexican golden trout | Vulnerable[21] | |||||
Oncorhynchus clarki Cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. clarki Coastal cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. bouvieri Yellowstone cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. lewisi Westslope cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. pleuriticus Colorado River cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. alvordensis† Alvord cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. behnkei Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. clarki f. crescentii Lake Crescent cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. henshawi Lahontan cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. macdonaldi† Yellowfin cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. seleniris Paiute cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. stomias Greenback cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. utah Bonneville cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. c. virginalis Rio Grande cutthroat trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
Oncorhynchus gilae Gila trout | Endangered[22] | |||||
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon, humpback salmon | Not evaluated | |||||
Oncorhynchus keta Chum salmon, dog salmon, keta salmon, silverbrite salmon | Not evaluated | |||||
Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho salmon, silver salmon, silvers | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA NOAA Species of Concern: Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia ESU ESU[23] |
||||
Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout, steelhead, ocean trout, redband trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. m. aguabonita Golden trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. m. irideus f. beardsleei (sometimes O. m. beardsleei) Beardslee trout | Not evaluated | |||||
O. m. newberrii Great Basin redband trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. irideus Coastal rainbow trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. gairdneri Columbia River redband trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. stonei McCloud River redband trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. nelsoni Baja California rainbow trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. ssp. Mexican native trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. gilberti Kern River rainbow trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
O. m. whitei Little Kern golden trout | Not evaluated | - | ||||
Oncorhynchus nerka Sockeye salmon, red salmon, blueback salmon, kokanee | Least Concern[24] | |||||
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon, blackmouth, black salmon, chub salmon, Columbia River salmon, hookbill salmon, king salmon, Quinnat salmon, spring salmon, Tyee salmon, winter salmon | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA NOAA Species of Concern: Central Valley Fall and Late fall run ESU[25] |
Species | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial |
---|---|---|---|
Salmo salar Atlantic salmon | Least Concern[26] | FWS-ESA Endangered in the Gulf of Maine DPS[27] | |
Salmo trutta Brown trout | Least Concern[28] | FWS-ESA Not listed |
Genus Salvelinus
editSpecies | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial |
---|---|---|---|
Salvelinus agassizii† Silver trout | Extinct[29] | FWS-ESA Not evaluated | |
Salvelinus alpinus Arctic char | Least Concern[30] | ||
Salvelinus confluentus Bull trout | Vulnerable[31] | Threatened and an Experimental-Non-Essential Population in Willamette River drainage, Oregon[32] |
|
Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not evaluated | |
Salvelinus malma Dolly Varden trout | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Proposed Similarity of Appearance (Threatened)[33] | |
Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout | Not evaluated | FWS-ESA Not evaluated |
Subfamily: Thymallinae
editSpecies | IUCN Red List | Federal | State/Provincial |
---|---|---|---|
Thymallus arcticus Arctic Grayling | Least Concern[34] | FWS-ESA - Upper Missouri River DPS is candidate for listing (2013)[35] | Montana - Upper Missouri River DPS - S1-High risk[36] |
Conservation status organizations
editInternational
editFederal
edit- Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) - Wildlife Species Assessment[37]
- Environment Canada - Species at Risk Public Registry[38]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - Endangered and Threatened Marine Species[39]
- NOAA maintains a "Species of Concern" List that lists species not covered listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act.[40]
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) - Endangered Species List[41]
State
edit- Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Fish Stocks of Concern[42]
- Arizona Game and Fish Department - Conservation and Management[43]
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife - Species of Special Concern[44]
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks - Montana Species of Concern[45]
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife - Sensitive Species List[46]
- Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife Resources - Utah Sensitive Species List March 29, 2011[47]
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife - Conservation Species of Concern[48]
Provincial
editNotes
edit- ^ "Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria" (PDF). IUCN. August 2010. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
- ^ a b "Endangered Species Act of 1973" (PDF). U.S. Senate. January 24, 2002. pp. 222–224. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
{{cite web}}
:|chapter=
ignored (help) - ^ a b c d "Statues of Canada (2002) Chapters 24-29 Species at Risk Act" (PDF). SARA Registry. January 31, 2003. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
- ^ "Animal Species of Concern" (PDF). Montana Natural Heritage Program. 10-07-2013. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ {{IUCN |id=5361 |taxon=Coregonus alpenae |assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |assessment_year=1996 |accessdate=2013-03-05 |version=2013.1}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5362 |taxon=Coregonus artedi |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN|IUCN_Year=2009.2|author=Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.|year=2008|ID=5363|title=Coregonus autumnalis}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5366 |taxon=Coregonus hoyi |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5379 |taxon=Coregonus huntsmani |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5367 |taxon=Coregonus johnnae |assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |assessment_year=1996 |accessdate=2013-03-05 |version=2013.1}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5368 |taxon=Coregonus kiyi |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5371 |taxon=Coregonus nigripinnis |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5375 |taxon=Coregonus pidschian |assessors=Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. |assessment_year=2008 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5376 |taxon=Coregonus reighardi |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=62223 |taxon=Coregonus sardinella |assessors=Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. |assessment_year=2008 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=5378 |taxon=Coregonus zenithicus |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN | id =135545 | taxon =Stenodus nelma | assessors =Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. | assessment_year =2008 | version =2013.1 | accessdate =2014-03-05 }}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=15316 |taxon=Oncorhynchus apache |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |accessdate=2014-03-05 |version=2013.1}}
- ^ "Species Profile Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache)". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
- ^ "Apache Trout Recovery: A Wildlife Success Story". Arizona Game and Fish Department. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
- ^ {{IUCN |id=15317 |taxon=Oncorhynchus chrysogaster |assessors=Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.1}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=15318 |taxon=Oncorhynchus gilae |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |accessdate=2014-03-05 |version=2013.1}}
- ^ "NOAA Species of Concern-Salmon Salmon Puget Sound/Strait of Georgia ESU" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
- ^ {{IUCN|id=135301 |taxon=Oncorhychus nerka |assessors=Ruggerone, G. & English, K.|version=2013.1 |assessment_year=2010 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ "NOAA Species of Concern-Chinook Salmon Central Valley Fall and Late Fall Run ESU" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
- ^ {{IUCN |id=19855 |taxon=Salmo salar |assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ "Species Profile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
- ^ {{IUCN |id=19861 |taxon=Salmo trutta |assessors=Freyhof, J.|assessment_year=2010 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=19873 |taxon=Salvelinus alpinus |assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=19877 |taxon=Salvelinus alpinus |assessors=Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. |assessment_year=2008 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ {{IUCN |id=19875 |taxon=Salvelinus alpinus |assessors=Gimenez Dixon, M. |assessment_year=1996 |version=2013.2 |accessdate=2014-03-06}}
- ^ "Species Profile Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus)". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
- ^ "Species Profile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma)". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
- ^ {{IUCN |id=135593 |taxon=Thymallus arcticus |assessors=Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. |version=2013.1 |assessment_year=2008 |accessdate=2014-03-05}}
- ^ "Species Profile for Arctic Graying (Thymallus arcticus)". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Arctic Grayling - Thymallus arcticus". Montana State Government. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
- ^ "Wildlife Species Assessment". COSEWIC. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Species at Risk Public Registry". Environment Canada. 2012-07-06. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Endangered and Threatened Marine Species". NOAA. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Proactive Conservation Program: Species of Concern". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
Species of Concern are those species about which NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We wish to draw proactive attention and conservation action to these species. "Species of concern" status does not carry any procedural or substantive protections under the ESA.
- ^ "Endangered Species". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
- ^ "State of Alaska Special Status Species Fish Stocks of Concern". Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Conservation and Management". Arizona Game and Fish Department. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
- ^ "Species of Special Concern". California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Species of Concern". Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- ^ "OREGON DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE SENSITIVE SPECIES: Frequently Asked Questions and Sensitive Species List" (PDF). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2008. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Utah Sensitive Species List" (PDF). March 29, 2011. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- ^ "Conservation Species of Concern". Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Wild Species Status". Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
- ^ "Species and Ecosystems At Risk in B.C." B.C. Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 2014-03-05.