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The temptation to edit war or throw bane accusations at times is so great. How dare another editor revert my edits or dare to contradict me? The chakras are disturbed, the body seething in anger. Such are the animal impulses of human nature that need to be under control. Let patience, diplomacy, cool reasoning, and proper process win the day. Thinker78 (talk)

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Ray Kurzweil Singularity Superintelligence and Immortality On The War in Ukraine Lex Fridman Podcast 321

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Ray Kurzweil Singularity Superintelligence and Immortality On The War in Ukraine Lex Fridman Podcast 321

September 17, 2022 - 439,132 views https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykY69lSpDdo&t=2650s

On The War in Ukraine:

53:51

Lex Fridman: So you mentioned nuclear weapons. I'd love to hear your opinion about the 21st century and whether you think we might destroy ourselves and maybe your opinion if it has changed by looking at what's going on in ukraine that we could have a hot war with nuclear powers involved and the tensions building and the seeming forgetting of how terrifying and destructive nuclear weapons are. Do you think humans might destroy ourselves in the 21st century and if we do how do we avoid it?

Ray Kurzweil: I don't think that's going to happen despite the terrors of that war. It is a possibility but it's unlikely. Even with the tensions we've had with this one nuclear power plant that's been taken over. It's very tense but i don't actually see a lot of people worrying that's going to happen. i think we'll avoid that we had two nuclear bombs go off in 1945 so now we're 77 years later. We're doing pretty good we've never had another one go off through anger

Lex Fridman: But people forget people forget the lessons of history.

Ray Kurzweil: I am worried about it i mean that that is definitely a challenge.

Lex Fridman: But you believe that we'll make it out and ultimately super intelligent AI will help us make it out as opposed to destroy us.

Ray Kurzweil: I think so but we do have to be mindful of these dangers and and there are other dangers besides nuclear weapons.

55:54

Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade

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Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
FormationMay 22, 1787; 237 years ago (1787-05-22)
Founder
  1. John Barton
  2. William Dillwyn
  3. George Harrison
  4. Samuel Hoare Jr
  5. Joseph Hooper
  6. John Lloyd
  7. Joseph Woods Sr
  8. James Phillips
  9. Richard Phillips[1]
  10. Thomas Clarkson
  11. Granville Sharp
  12. Philip Sansom
DissolvedJanuary 1, 1807; 217 years ago (1807-01-01)
TypeAbolishment of Slavery
Headquarters2 George Yard
Location
Coordinates51°30′51″N 0°06′42″W / 51.514240°N 0.111723°W / 51.514240; -0.111723
Official language
English

The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, also known as the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, and sometimes referred to as the Abolition Society or Anti-Slavery Society, was a British abolitionist group formed on 22 May 1787. Slavery was abolished in all Britian colonies in 1833 as a result.

Historians posit that this anti-slavery movement is the first peaceful social movement which all modern social movements are built upon.

The society was established by twelve men; including prominent campaigners Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp, who, as Anglicans, were able to be more influential in Parliament than the more numerous Quaker founding members. The society worked to educate the public about the abuses of the slave trade, and achieved abolition of the international slave trade when the British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act 1807, at which time the society ceased its activities. (The United States also prohibited the African slave trade the same year, to take effect in 1808.)

In 1823 the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (also known as the Anti-Slavery Society) was founded, which worked to abolish the institution of slavery throughout the British colonies. Abolition was passed by parliament in 1833 (except in India, where it was part of the indigenous culture); with emancipation completed by 1838.

Historical background

The first anti-slavery statement was written by Dutch and German Quakers, who met at Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1688. English Quakers began to express their official disapproval of the slave trade in 1727 and promote reforms. From the 1750s, a number of Quakers in Britain's American colonies also began to oppose slavery, and called on English Quakers to take action with parliament. They encouraged their fellow citizens, including Quaker slave owners, to improve conditions for slaves, educate their slaves in Christianity, reading and writing, and gradually emancipate (free) them.[citation needed]

An informal group of six Quakers pioneered the British abolitionist movement in 1783 when the London Society of Friends' yearly meeting presented its petition against the slave trade to Parliament, signed by over 300 Quakers. They were also influenced by publicity that year about the Zong massacre, as the shipowners were litigating a claim for insurance against losses due to more than 132 slaves having been killed on their ship.[citation needed]

Foundation

"In 1787, approximately three quarters of the people on Earth lived under some form of enslavement, serfdom, debt bondage or indentured servitude. There were no slaves in Britain itself, but the vast majority of its people accepted slavery in the British West Indies as perfectly normal."[2]

The Quakers decided to form a small, committed, non-denominational group so as to gain greater Church of England and Parliamentary support. The new, non-denominational committee formed in 1787 had nine Quaker members and three Anglicans. As Quakers were not prepared to receive the sacrament of the Lord's Supper according to the rites of the Church of England, they were not permitted to serve as Members of Parliament, having Anglican members strengthened the committee's likelihood of influencing Parliament.[3] The new society was named the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, later often referred to simply as the Abolition Society.[4]

The reverberations from what happened on this spot, on the late afternoon of 22 May 1787, eventually caught the attention of millions of people around the world, including the first and greatest student of what today we call civil society. The result of the series of events begun that afternoon in London, wrote French political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville decades later, was "absolutely without precedent...If you pore over the histories of all peoples, I doubt that you will find anything more extraordinary". The building that once stood at 2 George Yard was a bookstore and printing shop. The proprietor was James Phillips, publisher and printer for Britain's small community of Quakers. On that May afternoon, after the pressmen and typesetters had gone home for the day, 12 men filed through his doors. They formed themselves into a committee with what seemed to their fellow Londoners a hopelessly idealistic and impractical aim: ending first the slave trade and then slavery itself in the most powerful empire on Earth." -- Los Angeles Times:The Idea That Brought Slavery to Its Knees.[5]

Membership

Nine of the twelve founding members of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, or The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, were Quakers:[3]

  1. John Barton (1755–1789);
  2. William Dillwyn (1743–1824);
  3. George Harrison (1747–1827);
  4. Samuel Hoare Jr (1751–1825);
  5. Joseph Hooper (1732–1789);
  6. John Lloyd;
  7. Joseph Woods Sr (1738–1812);
  8. James Phillips (1745–1799); and
  9. Richard Phillips.[1]

Five of the Quakers had been amongst the informal group of six Quakers who had pioneered the movement in 1783, when the first petition against the slave trade was presented to Parliament.

Three Anglicans were founding members:

  1. Thomas Clarkson, campaigner and author of an influential essay against the slave trade;
  2. Granville Sharp (Lawyer - had long been involved in the support and prosecution of cases on behalf of enslaved Africans); and
  3. Philip Sansom.[1]

Mission and activities

 
"Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" medallion created as part of anti-slavery campaign by Josiah Wedgwood, 1787

The society did not aim at ending slavery altogether, but only to abolish British involvement in the international slave trade. They would do this by awareness-raising campaigns highlighting some of the cruel practices involved in the trade.[4]

The mission of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade was to inform the public of the inhuman and immoral treatment of enslaved Africans committed in the name of slavery, to campaign in favour of a new law to abolish the slave trade and enforce this throughout the British Empire. The society's methods for pursuing its goals included writing and publishing anti-slavery books, abolitionist prints, posters and pamphlets, and organising lecture tours in the towns and cities of England. Clarkson's Essay on the Impolicy of the African Slave Trade, published in 1788, was one of the first books of the subject.[3]

Petitions were presented to the House of Commons (over 100 in 1788[6]), anti-slavery rallies held, and a range of anti-slavery medallions, crockery and bronze figurines were made, notably with the support of the Unitarian potter Josiah Wedgwood whose production of pottery medallions featuring a slave in chains with the simple but effective question: "Am I not a man and a brother?" was very effective in bringing public attention to abolition.[7][3] The Wedgwood medallion was the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art.[8] Clarkson wrote; "ladies wore them in bracelets, and others had them fitted up in an ornamental manner as pins for their hair. At length the taste for wearing them became general, and thus fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen for once in the honourable office of promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom".[9]

By educating the public, the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade gained many members. In 1787, Clarkson's speaking tour of the great ports and cities of England raised public interest. Publication of the African Olaudah Equiano's autobiography heightened public awareness, as the former slave expressed an unanswerable case against slavery in a work of literary merit. In 1789 Clarkson's promoted the committee's cause by encouraging the sale of Equiano's memoir and inviting the former slave to lecture in British ports linked to the slave trade.

William Wilberforce introduced the first Bill to abolish the slave trade in 1791, which was defeated by 163 votes to 88.[3] As Wilberforce continued to bring the issue of the slave trade before Parliament, Clarkson and others on the Committee travelled, raised funds, lobbied, and wrote anti-slavery works. They conducted a protracted parliamentary campaign, during which Wilberforce introduced a motion in favour of abolition almost every year.

Membership

The committee was later joined by the Quaker philanthropist William Allen, who worked closely with Wilberforce and with his fellow Quaker members,[citation needed] and Wilberforce's fellow members of the Clapham Sect were subscribers to the society as well.[10]

Female membership

According to Claire Midgley (2004), the proportion of female subscribers to the society was typical of philanthropic societies of the time. Across the whole society, female subscribers comprised about 10 per cent of the membership, while in some centres, notable Manchester (with 68 women, or nearly a quarter of the total), the percentage was higher. Some of the most identifiable women were members of leading Quaker families, such as the wife of William Dillwyn, Sarah; others were members of the Clapham Sect and also members of the African Institution, and others were members of wealthy Unitarian families in Manchester.[11] By 1788 there were 206 female subscribers.[12] One prominent female subscriber was writer and polymath Elizabeth Carter.[6]

Several members of the society also subscribed to the African Institution (founded 1807 to create a viable, civilised refuge for freed slaves in Sierra Leone[13]).[6] The Sons of Africa abolitionist society had a membership of educated Londoners, mostly African former slaves. It was closely connected to the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade.[citation needed]

Petitioning peaked in 1792, with up to 100,000 signatures (Manchester alone contributing 10,639), regional anti-slavery groups started taking the lead, especially in the north of England.[6]

Women had increasingly played a larger role in the anti-slavery movement[14] but could not take a direct role in Parliament. They sometimes formed their own anti-slavery societies. Many women were horrified that, under slavery, women and children were taken away from their families. In 1824, Elizabeth Heyrick published a pamphlet titled Immediate not Gradual Abolition, in which she urged the immediate emancipation of slaves in the British colonies.[citation needed]

Despite the little influence they carried, many female abolitionists made a big impact on the abolition of the slave trade. An important campaigner was Anne Knight. She was born into a Quaker family in Essex and took active roles in the anti-slavery campaigns. Knight formed the Chelmsford Female Anti-Slavery Society. She also toured France, giving lectures on the immorality of slavery.[citation needed]

The Birmingham Ladies Society for the Relief of Negro Slaves was founded in Birmingham, England, on 8 April 1825.[15][16]

1807 abolition

In 1807, the British Parliament voted to abolish the international slave trade under the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act,[4] and enforce this through its maritime power, the Royal Navy.[17] The society wound up its work after the Act was passed.[3]

The United States also prohibited the African slave trade in the same year, to take effect on 1 January 1808.[18]

In 1808 a separate Act was passed in the UK to give greater British protection to Freetown in West Africa (now capital of Sierra Leone), a colony established in 1788 for the resettlement of former slaves and Poor Blacks from London, as well as Black Loyalists who had initially been relocated to Nova Scotia following the American Revolutionary War. The Timni chief Nembana sold a strip of land to British official to establish this colony for freed slaves. When the Royal Navy later intercepted illegal slave trading ships, its crews frequently resettled the liberated Africans at Freetown.[citation needed]

New society

From 1823, the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (aka Anti-Slavery Society) became the primary organised group working for legislation to abolish slavery. The Society and supporters, including captive and freed Africans, missionaries and evangelical movements in the colonies, worked to achieve the first stage of legal emancipation in the colonies. It also supported abolitionists in the United States. Many British supported lecture tours by American abolitionists in Britain who were raising funds for efforts in the United States. Such supporters sometimes provided refuge to Americans who had escaped from slavery and helped raise money to buy their freedom, as for Frederick Douglass.[citation needed]

Quotes

The society was "absolutely without precedent...If you pore over the histories of all peoples, I doubt that you will find anything more extraordinary." -- Alexis de Tocqueville

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Leo D'Anjou (1996). Social Movements and Cultural Change: The First Abolition Campaign. Aldine de Gruyter. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-202-30522-6.
  2. ^ Adam Hochschild. The Unsung Heroes of Abolition.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Foundation of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade". History of Information. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b c "The Abolition Movement". MyLearning. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  5. ^ Hochschild, Adam (25 January 2005). "The Idea That Brought Slavery to Its Knees". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d Ditchfield, G.M. (24 May 2007). "Society for the Purpose of Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/92867. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Did you know? - Josiah Wedgwood was a keen advocate of the slavery abolition movement". thepotteries.org. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  8. ^ "British History - Abolition of the Slave Trade 1807". BBC. Retrieved 11 April 2009. The Wedgwood medallion was the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art.
  9. ^ "Wedgwood". Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009. Thomas Clarkson wrote; ladies wore them in bracelets, and others had them fitted up in an ornamental manner as pins for their hair. At length the taste for wearing them became general, and thus fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen for once in the honourable office of promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom.
  10. ^ "The role of the Clapham Sect in the fight for the abolition of slavery". Art UK. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  11. ^ Midgley, Claire (2004). "2. Participants from the first". Women Against Slavery: The British Campaigns, 1780-1870. Routledge, Taylor & Francis. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-134-79880-3. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Women & Women's Groups: The Abolition of Slavery Project". The Abolition of Slavery Project. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  13. ^ African Institution (London, England) (1812). Report of the Committee of the African Institution. Ellerton and Henderson. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  14. ^ Sussman, Charlotte (2000). Consuming Anxieties. Consumer Protest, Gender, and British Slavery, 1713-1833. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  15. ^ Simkin, John. "Women and the Anti-Slavery Movement". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  16. ^ Hall, Catherine (2008). "Anti-Slavery Society". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/96359. Retrieved 7 January 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. ^ Hochschild, Adam (2005). Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves. London: Pan Books.
  18. ^ Foner, Eric (10 January 2008). "End of Slave Trade Meant New Normal for America". NPR.org (Interview). Interviewed by Martin, Michel. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

Category:Abolitionism in the United Kingdom Category:History of the British Isles Category:Organizations established in 1787 Category:1787 establishments in Great Britain Category:Abolitionist organizations Category:History of Quakerism

Notice of Dispute resolution noticeboard discussion

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This message is being sent to let you know of a discussion at the Wikipedia:Dispute resolution noticeboard regarding Just wanted to get some other opinions on this and have some discussion. Content disputes can hold up article development and make editing difficult. You are not required to participate, but you are both invited and encouraged to help this dispute come to a resolution. The thread is "MSNBC".The discussion is about the topic MSNBC.

Please join us to help form a consensus. Thank you!

--Jasonkwe (talk) (contribs) 04:10, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

thanks JAson kiki. May1787 (talk) 05:55, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

DATABASE OF AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS WHO APPROVED QUOTES ON WIKIPEDIA?

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Hello, is there currently a database of authors and publishers who approve quotes on Wikipedia? If not, can it be created?

== AUTHOR PERMISSION to use content on wikipedia ==

adamhochschild AT earthlink dot net wrote:

If the excerpt is a fairly short one, not more than a paragraph or two, and is properly credited to my book, it’s fine with me if you quote it on Wikipedia.

All the best, Adam Hochschild

May1787 (talk) 05:40, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

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Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page John Lloyd. Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ • Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

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Oligarchy and MSNBC

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MSNBC is a mouthpiece of the United States Government, just as CNN, Fox News, New York Times, Washington Post, etc. MSNBC is just worse at it then the other two. The link between private and public institutions is used as plausible deniability. Scientifically, the United States of America is an oligarchy, according to Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/testing-theories-of-american-politics-elites-interest-groups-and-average-citizens/62327F513959D0A304D4893B382B992B "The preferences of rich people had a much bigger impact on subsequent policy decisions than the views of middle-income and poor Americans. Indeed, the opinions of lower-income groups, and the interest groups that represent them, appear to have little or no independent impact on policy." https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/is-america-an-oligarchy When the average member of the collective west thinks "oligarchy" they think "Russia", which, scientifically is true because the United States created Russia in the 1991 using Disaster Capitalism first brandished on the first September 11, 1973, with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

May1787 (talk) 06:13, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Oligarchy issue aside, your Russia comment is nuts. Doug Weller talk 07:31, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply
Thanks Doug. :) I replied on your talk page. More people need to know the reality. May1787 (talk) 01:47, 8 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

MSNBC Talk page & DRN

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  Welcome to Wikipedia and thank you for your contribution(s). I am glad to see that you are discussing a topic. However, as a general rule, while user talk pages permit a small degree of generalisation, other talk pages are strictly for discussing the topic of their associated main pages and many of them have special instructions on the top. They are not a general discussion forum about unrelated topics. If you have questions or ideas and are not sure where to post them, consider asking at the Teahouse. Thanks. Nightenbelle (talk) 15:18, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Thanks i replied on your talk page.
The backfire effect. has been proven wrong. May1787 (talk) 02:17, 8 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Duran

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Please note that disambiguation pages like Duran are meant to help readers find a specific existing article quickly and easily. For that reason, they have guidelines that are different from articles. From the Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts you should:

  • Only list articles that readers might reasonably be looking for
  • Use short sentence fragment descriptions, with no punctuation at the end
  • Use exactly one navigable link ("blue link") in each entry that mentions the title being disambiguated
  • Only add a "red link" if used in existing articles, and include a "blue link" to an appropriate article
  • Do not pipe links (unless style requires it) – keep the full title of the article visible
  • Do not insert external links or references - Wikipedia is not a business directory

Thank you. Leschnei (talk) 23:24, 7 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Managing a conflict of interest

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  Hello, May1787. We welcome your contributions, but if you have an external relationship with the people, places or things you have written about on the page Adam Hochschild, you may have a conflict of interest (COI). Editors with a conflict of interest may be unduly influenced by their connection to the topic. See the conflict of interest guideline and FAQ for organizations for more information. We ask that you:

In addition, you are required by the Wikimedia Foundation's terms of use to disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution which forms all or part of work for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation. See Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure.

Also, editing for the purpose of advertising, publicising, or promoting anyone or anything is not permitted. Thank you. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 01:53, 8 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Nope no conflict of interest. But thanks for the heads up. May1787 (talk) 02:18, 8 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Blocked

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--jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 02:34, 8 October 2022 (UTC)Reply

Travis, I know facts and reality are not your friends, but try just a little harder, I am not a 'crat and never have been. Beeblebrox (talk) 19:30, 21 October 2022 (UTC)Reply