Doglover93

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Hi Doglover93!! You're invited: learn how to edit Wikipedia in under an hour. I hope to see you there! Ocaasi Play The Wikipedia Adventure This message was delivered by HostBot (talk) 17:30, 5 October 2015 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, Doglover93, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Ian and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.

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If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 16:03, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

granules

I think this one is far worse than your analysis. there are many types of granules and this page offers you an awesome opportunity to contribute. First I would clarify the difference between granule cells and intra-cellular and possibly extracellular? granules. Then give briefly describe all of the types you can track down in each category. Next send them off to their specific wikipedia pages if they exist (secretory granule does not have a page yet which is weird, but stress granule does have a wikipedia page). This term really does warrant a directing of traffic sort of page because of the confusing way it is used for very different things. open access images are always welcome too!Jparcoeur (talk) 15:26, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

Cell Biology Student Critique on Granules

[edit source] I am a Cell Biology student in BIO 401. I will critique the page as presented and then make a submission in areas that can be further explained and researched with reliable references. Everything presented is relevant to the page title, without any distracting facts or information. The article is neutral, without any biased standpoints. The references are reliable, but more references can be added in all areas, especially related to granules in plant cells. Images should also be added to help create further clarification as to what granules look like in each sub-topic listed on the page. The Leukocyte section does not have a reference connected to the information presented, so further investigation of this section can only further the accuracy of the information and clarification for readers. The direct links to other wikipedia pages does help support the information provided in the Leukocyte sub-topic, if readers are looking for more in depth information. A possible addition to this section, or start of a new section, since the immune system is mentioned, could be Mast cells. Mast cells, although not a Leukocyte, play a role in the immune system and have secretory granules. Other wikipedia pages can be connected to this section to help create further clarification of the role these granules play and on aspects that are outside the scope of granules for readers looking for further information. Another possible idea/sub-topic to add to this page could be from a histological standpoint. Nissl Bodies for example, found in neurons, have granules. An image can be provided of this, along with supporting information as to what these granules actually are and the staining needed to view them. The Nissl body wikipedia page can be connected to this section for readers to obtain further information on there exact function in the nervous system. Overall, this page is easy to read, without mistakes, and has many opportunities for possible expansion that can connect this page to other wikipedia pages and references for the most accurate information for readers seeking knowledge on this topic. Doglover93 (talk) 15:53, 27 October 2015 (UTC)Doglover93

Edit #1 on Granules

Addition to opening paragraph: There are many types of granules and many types of cells that contain granules; all located throughout the human body providing different functions.

Leukocyte Addition: A special histological stain, Wright’s stain, is required to view the granules located in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, which are all granulocytes. Neutrophils for example play an important role in defense, using their granules, which contain antimicrobial components. Neutrophils can, through a series of steps, transfer these antimicrobial peptides to macrophages, which provide a defense between the innate immune system cells against pathogens that are inside the cell.

Image replicated from external link: http://health-pictures.com/granulocytes.htm#.VkFXI7xH3dk

Insulin Granules: A specific type of granule found in the pancreas, is an insulin granule. Insulin is a hormone that helps to regulate the blood/glucose concentration in the body. The image provided shows how insulin and glucose affect different organs in the body, representing how our body’s cells and organs work together to maintain homeostasis. A medical condition that is connected to this hormone is Diabetes mellitus. Insulin granules are secretory granules, and are being further researched looking specifically at their relationship and function with pancreatic beta cells. The beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the release of insulin and also storage of insulin. When beta cells are deprived of nutrients, the cells are then encouraged to fall into lysosomal breakdown of the secretory insulin granules. This breakdown creates the activation of rapamycin, which functions to subdue macroautophagy; which is the breakdown of cellular contents by lysosomes(Goginashvili et al., 2015). When the switch from macroautophagy to the breakdown of secretory insulin granules was observed, the outcome of low insulin release, during fasting, was found.

Image reproduced from external link: http://www.ghc.org/popup.jhtml?item=/common/healthAndWellness/conditions/diabetes/insulinProcess.html

References: Goginashvili, A., Zhang, Z., Erbs, E., Spiegelhalter, C., Kessler, P., Mihlan, M., Pasquier, A., Krupina, K., Schieber, N., Cinque, L., et al. (2015). Insulin granules. Insulin secretory granules control autophagy in pancreatic β cells. Science 347, 878–882.

Tan, B.H., Meinken, C., Bastian, M., Bruns, H., Legaspi, A., Ochoa, M.T., Krutzik, S.R., Bloom, B.R., Ganz, T., Modlin, R.L., et al. (2006). Macrophages Acquire Neutrophil Granules for Antimicrobial Activity against Intracellular Pathogens. J. Immunol. 177, 1864–1871.

Doglover93

Beta Cell Image with Insulin Granules

Beta cell processed

This image was found using Wikicommons. This image will be used in my submission on Insulin Granules, on the Granules (Cell Biology) Wikipedia page. Doglover93 (talk) 18:29, 15 November 2015 (UTC)

Insulin Granules

Beta cell processed

A specific type of granule found in the pancreas is an insulin granule. Insulin is a hormone that helps to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood from getting too high, hyperglycemia, or too low, hypoglycemia.

Insulin granules are secretory granules, which are being further analyzed, specifically at their relationship and function with pancreatic beta cells. The beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the release of insulin and also the storage of insulin. The micrograph from WikiCommons shows a beta cell with insulin granules, which are the dark black spots, each surrounded by a white area.

Immature insulin granules function as a sorting chamber during the maturation process listed below. Insulin and other insoluble granule components are kept within the granules. Other soluble proteins and granule parts then bud off from the immature granule in a clathrin-coated transport vesicle. The process of proteolysis, removes the unwanted parts from the secretory granule resulting in mature granules.

Insulin Granule Maturation Process

Insulin granules mature in three steps: (1) the lumen of the granule undergoes acidification, due to the acidic properties of a secretory granule; (2) proinsulin becomes insulin through the process of proteolysis. The endoproteases PC1/3 and PC2 aid in this transformation from proinsulin to insulin; and (3) the clathrin protein coat is removed .

Doglover93 (talk) 20:37, 15 November 2015 (UTC)