User talk:Anāhitā/sandbox
Group Feedback from Osquaesitor:
General: - As you know, part of this draft required that you make plans about the images you wanted to use. Some of that is alluded to here, but not in all of your sections. Make sure that you respond to this in your next assignment. Also complete or go back to the student training and you can also go here for a very comprehensive how-to and resources on contributing to Wikimedia. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents
Specific section comments:
-When posting to the talk pages or when asking for feedback from the experts, I suggest that you draft those questions and include them here so that the whole team can see what you asked. Have you heard back from posts or asked about these ideas you have? -The peer review comments you have received are VERY insightful and I agree with all of them. I add some additonal clarifying comments here: -Evolutionary History: What pages will you edit? -Habitat: Can you make a link to the anatomy of the eel? Osquaesitor (talk) 19:22, 1 April 2018 (UTC)
Peer Review edit
Your content reflects neutrality very well. The sources appear to be reliable as well as most of them are peer reviewed journal articles so good choices on that. They are formatted correctly according to Wikipedia.
- Kristi, I believe you have a good start on the evolutionary history section. I would try to add more details about the fin location of the Muraeninae and the Uropterygiinae. Possibly add why the fin locations were evolutionarily important and how their fin evolution lead to their adaptation.
I was confused on how pleomerism related to the paragraph above. I would also include an image proposal.
- Nathan and Kristi, I think you guys could also combine your topics by speaking on the evolutionary history of jaws.
- Nathan, I believe you have a good start on your article topic. It is quite interesting considering their use of the jaw over suction feeding. I would see if you can add what makes up the jaw as well as what contributes to its protraction from the body.
Your picture proposals are very informative.
- Trisha, I would like to see more specific examples of moray eel species that live in saltwater habitats and what differentiates them freshwater eels to live in the habitats that they do.
Copy Edit Here are revisions I made to portions of the article.
In Muraeninae the dorsal fin is found near the gill slits and run runs all the way down the back of the eel. The anal fin is just behind the anus.[1] The Uropterygiinnae, on the other hand, are defined by both their dorsal and anal fin being located at the end of their tails.[1]
Pleomerism is the process of elongation due to the increase in number of vertebra.[
In the action of lunging at prey and biting down, water flows out the posterior side of the mouth opening, reducing waves in front of the eel and allowing the eel to bite down on prey without the aid of negative pressure. This creates a longer bite time but also increases the aggressiveness of the approach in predation.
Burner112 (talk) 04:05, 24 March 2018 (UTC)
Peer Review edit
Draft 1 (Evolutionary History): This is a great start of a draft on this information, and it is organized well. Source 1 used in the article is just questionable as to whether or not it is the best source to obtain information from, though it seems credible. It would also be good to include images of the locations of the fins mentioned in the first paragraph of this draft. The first sentence of the second paragraph of this draft is an incomplete sentence, so more information should be added to complete it (or are the 1st and 2nd sentences of the 2nd paragraph suppose to be together?). The two main subspecies of the moray eel that are mentioned could be linked to their own wikipedia article if they exist. The words “monophyletic” and “Pleomerism” could also be linked to its wikipedia page. Maybe the differing modes of development mentioned at the end of the second paragraph could be expanded upon.
Copy edit of draft 1:
- The two main subspecies of the moray eel are Muraeninae and Uropterygiinae. These two monophyletic groups are distinctly defined by the location of their fins. In Muraeninae, the dorsal fin is found to begin near the gill slits and run down the entire length of the back of the eel, while the anal fin is located behind the anus. On the other hand, Uropterygiinae are defined by both their dorsal and anal fins that are located at the end of their tail.
- Pleomerism is the process of elongation due to the increase in number of vertebra; however, the development of vertebrae evolved independently from a lengthened body and explains the high amount of diversity among moray eel species. Additionally, pre-caudal and caudal regions have differing modes of development, and vertebra in these regions do not increase in a synchronous fashion.
Draft 2 (Pharyngeal Jaw): This draft is concise and organized. I also thought it was great that relevant wikipedia pages were linked to some of the terms mentioned in the draft. I like the idea of using your own image of the jaw from your dissections to include in this section, but it’s good you have an idea of how you might label that image based on the placeholder image that was included in this draft. It was mentioned that the first paragraph of this draft was already too similar to a section that is already on the Moray eel page, so maybe it does not need to be included to prevent the repetition of information.
Copy edit of draft 2:
- Unlike most predatory fish that feed using suction to pull prey into their mouths, moray eels (which show smaller pectoral structures than other teleosts) use specialized jaw structures to capture prey. In the action of lunging and biting at prey, water flows out of the posterior side of the mouth opening, reducing the waves in front of the eel, allowing it to bite down on prey without the aid of negative pressure. This results in greatly increased bite times; however, an aggressive approach to predation is supported.
- The shape of the jaw also reflects the respective diets of different species of moray eel. Rounded jaws and molar-like teeth that evolved separately multiple times across the Muraenidae allow durophagous eels, like Gymnomuraena zebra, genus Echidna, and some others to consume crustaceans, while other piscivorous genera of Muraenidae have pointed jaws and longer teeth. This division between durophagous and piscivorous morays is not entirely defined; however, the extent of jaw optimization for prey types vary across different species and bodily actions, such as knotting. This equalizes the differences in feeding ability based on jaw morphologies.
Draft 3 (Habitat): This draft is well written. It is very detailed, concise, and well organized. It is easy to read through this draft and understand the information mentioned. The sources used for this draft also seem very credible, and relevant wikipedia pages related to the topics mentioned in this section were added. Only slight changes in the wording of the paragraphs could be made.
Copy edit of draft 3:
- The moray eel is known for it's wide species diversity and habitat occupation. The moray eel can be found in two separate aquatic environments: freshwater habitats and saltwater habitats. When concerning freshwater habitats, there is relatively little species abundance, or rather species richness, in these environments. The most widely known, and most relatively acknowledged, freshwater moray eel is Gymnothorax polyuranodon, which is considered to be one of the only freshwater moray eels to exist. Additionally, these moray eels can be found in habitats at depths of roughly 80 meters.
- The saltwater habitats are not uniform and have much variability, including shallow water nearshore areas, continental slopes, continental shelfs, deep benthic habitats, and mesopelagic zones of the ocean. Additionally, specifically concerning saltwater habitats, the moray eel is considered “cosmopolitan,” which refers to the fact that the moray eel contains various species that can occupy two separate saltwater habitats: tropical oceans and temperate oceans. Tropical oceans are typically located near the equator, whereas temperate oceans are typically located away from the equator. Due to this, the moray eel is capable of living in relatively warm water despite the ocean being tropical or temperate. Additionally, these moray eels can be found in habitats at depths greater than 10 meters.
- Although the moray eel can occupy tropical oceans, temperate oceans, freshwater, and saltwater, the majority of moray eels occupy warm saltwater environments that contain reefs. Additionally, within the tropical oceans and temperate oceans, the moray eel occupies shelters, such as dead patch reefs and coral rubble rocks, and less frequently occupies live coral reefs.
--all team members made equally great contributions to the information they included in their drafts-- Caduceus19 (talk) 07:06, 23 March 2018 (UTC)
Peer review edit
Evolutionary History section: Good information and references, the two paragraphs talk about different topics and it is confusing to read. What is the purpose of Pleomerism to the evolutionary history, could use a bit of and introduction into that rather than just a definition. Add any images to connect/differentiate the two subspecies of eels?
Pharyngeal section: The section was written well, the addition of how the jaw and teeth allows for biting rather than suctioning was very informative. You don't have any sources marked in your draft, did you use any in this section? Could add image of the jaw structure from dissection?
Habitat: Very interesting information provided in this section, it is well written and explains the important points in the Moray Eel habitats. Suggestions to add, you gave an example of the freshwater eel, could add an example or two of the saltwater (temperate and tropical) eels? Will the images only be of the habitat, or with eels in them?
Overall, you addition to the Moray Eel page is looking good so far. Possible ideas moving forward I saw include images for the first two sections in your draft, and some clarification on the definition and introduction into them. Kingkl (talk) 20:02, 20 March 2018 (UTC)Kingkl (talk) 19:58, 20 March 2018 (UTC)
Week 7 edit
Derek Fish's copyedit edit
Below I went through and made some grammar changes to the topics. I also left some feedback in bold so it is easy to find. For the most part I think it is coming along nicely, just keep refining it. Try looking at how the rest of the page is and mimic the style so that it fits in perfectly. If you have any questions or want me to take a look at any changes made feel free to ask!
Draft #1 - Moray Eel edit
Kristi (Evolutionary History): edit
The two main subspecies of the Moray Eel are defined as Muraeninae and Uropterygiinae.[1] These two monophyletic groups are distinctly defined by the location of their fins.[1] In Muraeninae the dorsal fin is found begin near the gill slits and runs all the way down the back of the eel, while the anal fin is just directly behind the anus.[1] Uropterygiinnae, on the other hand, are defined by both their dorsal and anal fin being located at the end of their tails.[1]
Pleomerism, or is the process of elongation due to the increase in the number of vertebra.[2] However, the development of vertebrae evolved independently from lengthened body and explains the high amount of diversity among Moray eel species.[2] Additionally precaudal and caudal regions have differing modes of development and vertebra in these regions do not increase in a synchronous fashion.[2]
Overall I like where this is going. Continue to try and add more information about their history, and tie it all together. Maybe include similar species? I added strikes through suggested changes. Also start looking for an image that will tie in well, maybe a phylogeny tree?
Nathan (Pharyngeal Jaw): edit
- to be added to page Moray eel, as a subheading under the "Anatomy" section
Where most predatory fish feed using suction to pull prey into their mouths, moray eels (which show smaller pectoral structures than other teleosts) rely on biting to capture prey, using specialized jaw structures to do so.[3] In the action of lunging at prey and biting down, water flows out the posterior side of the mouth opening, reducing waves in front of the eel and allowing the eel to bite down on prey without the aid of negative pressure, with the result that bite times are greatly increased but an aggressive approach to predation is supported.[3]
The shape of the jaw also reflects the respective diets of different species of moray eel. Evolving separately multiple times across the Muraenidae, rounded jaws, and molar-like teeth allow durophagous eels like Gymnomuraena zebra, genus Echidna, and some others to consume crustaceans, while other piscivorous genera of Muraenidae have pointed jaws and longer teeth.[4][5][6] This division between durophagous and piscivorous morays is not entirely clearly defined, however, with the extent of jaw optimization for prey types being varied across different species, and bodily actions such as knotting equalizing differences in feeding ability based on jaw morphologies.[6] Take a look at this final sentence. The structure is difficult to read, try rearranging things or removing pieces that do not need to be there
- side note: The first paragraph seems too similar to a section already on the Moray eel page, and so I'm not sure it needs to be in here. However, it fits well into the themes of the section and provides useful background so I'm not positive yet if I should remove it either.
This part of the article looks good. The first paragraph is really well done, but the second paragraph just needs to be reworked (As I discussed above, just think about rearranging things to make it flow more smoothly) Otherwise I think this is a good start, just make sure in the final product that the image on the right has a description.
Trisha (Habitat): edit
Image or Media File:
- Tropical Ocean Images
- Temperate Ocean Images
- Dead Patch Reef Images
- Coral Rubble Rock Images
The moray eel is known for it's wide species diversity and habitat occupation. The moray eel can be found in two separate aquatic environments: freshwater habitats and saltwater habitats. When concerning freshwater habitats, there is relatively little species abundance, or rather species richness, in these environments.[7] The most widely known, and most relatively acknowledged, freshwater moray eel is Gymnothorax polyuranodon, which is considered to be one of the only freshwater moray eels, to exist.[7] Additionally, these moray eels can be found in habitats at depths of roughly 80 centimeters.[7] Did you mean meters?
The saltwater habitats are not uniform and have much variability, including shallow water nearshore areas, continental slopes, continental shelfs, deep benthic habitats, and mesopelagic zones of the ocean.[8] Additionally, specifically concerning In saltwater habitats, the moray eels is are considered "cosmopolitan," which is a loosely used term, referring to the fact that the moray eel contains various species, which can occupy two separate saltwater habitats: tropical oceans and temperate oceans. Tropical oceans are typically located near the equator, whereas temperate oceans are typically located away from the equator. That being said, the moray eel is capable of living in relatively warm water, despite the ocean being tropical or temperate.[8] Additionally, these moray eels can be found in habitats at depths greater than 10 meters.[9]
However, although the moray eel can occupy both tropical oceans and temperate oceans, as well as both freshwater and saltwater, the majority of moray eels occupy warm saltwater environments, which containing reefs.[10] Additionally, within the tropical oceans and temperate oceans, the moray eel occupies shelters, such as dead patch reefs and coral rubble rocks, and less frequently occupies live coral reefs.[10]
Each the the paragraphs are pretty choppy to read and there seems to be an overuse of commas throughout. Reread through some and them and see if you can eliminate some of the words, or make them separate sentences. Also try to mix up how you tie pieces of information together, rather than using words such as "additionally" over and over. Another thing to look at is how some of the sentences are started, see some of strikethroughs as an example. For instance "Additionally, specifically concerning saltwater habitats, ..." reads much better as "In saltwater habitats,...". Otherwise the content seems to be coming together well, just keep working on how you want to present it. Dfish21 (talk) 04:36, 23 March 2018 (UTC)
Peer Review
I think the information you guys are planning to add to wikipedia seems neutral and valuable. It's not clear where the Evolutionary History section and Habitat section are going to added- is this the same article as the pharyngeal jaw section? I think it might help to clarify where you are hoping to add your information. All of your sources seem reliable and of good quality. Nathan I noticed that your draft did not include citations so maybe work on that to show that your information is valid and supported with good sources. I like how each of your sections have links to other existing articles on wikipedia for clarity! I think that is helpful to readers.
Evolutionary History Draft: I think you have good information as a starting point. Is this information being added to an existing section? If not I would keep finding sources so you are able to add more detail so that the information can stand alone. I was confused about the information in the second paragraph and its relation to the rest of your draft. It might just be due to wording or incomplete sentences, but I think it sounds like important information that will make a great addition with more time
Pharyngeal Jaw: I like your ideas for the images you will include, and I think it might be helpful to have a cartoon image similar to the placeholder you have in addition to the dissection pictures you obtain for clarity. It might be interesting to go into detail about the anatomical structure so that the action you are describing is even more clear. I would also work on adding the in-text citations. Also since there is a pharyngeal jaw page on wikipedia, I would just focus on what information you can add that goes beyond that page! Which might come from your future dissection.
Habitat: I think your draft is well organized and has a good amount of detail. Maybe clarify what article this is being added to and continue to see how you can integrate this information to existing wikipedia articles with links or images. Your ideas for images seem like they will be beneficial. It might be cool to see the habitats with the moray eels in them, but I don't think its totally necessary.
Peer Review edit
Kritsi: Overall great draft with neutral content, do you have any idea what you want to photograph/add image? Finding a couple more reliable sources would probably be a good idea too! I copyedit a couple sentences that could be fixed just a little! In Muraeninae the dorsal fin begins near the gill slits and runs along the dorsal side, while the anal fin lies behind the anus.[1] Pleomerism is the process of elongation due to the increase in number of vertebra.[2]
Nathan: Possibly adding to or editing the similar section on the Moray eel page could be a good idea if you wanted to keep that paragraph. Your draft looks great, there are a couple prolonged sentences but besides that it is organized and you seem ready for dissection images!
Trisha: Great content that is very neutral. You also have good ideas for image files, will you use all or just a couple? Just a couple sentences that could be fixed, such as cutting down ample commas or grammar, but overall great! The moray eel can be found in two different aquatic environments. The most widely known and relatively acknowledged freshwater moray eel is Gymnothorax polyuranodon, which is considered to be one of the only freshwater moray eels to exist to this day.[7] Although the moray eel can occupy live in both tropical and temperate oceans, as well as both freshwater and saltwater, the majority of moray eels occupy warm saltwater environments, which contain reefs.[10] --Bazinga2018 (talk) 06:14, 24 March 2018 (UTC)
- ^ a b c d Joshua, Reece (2010). "Phylogenetics and Phylogeography of Moray Eels (Muraenidae)". Washington University Open Scholarship. doi:10.7936/k7pv6hcg.
- ^ a b c Reece, Joshua S.; Mehta, Rita S. (2013). "Evolutionary history of elongation and maximum body length in moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (4): 861–875. doi:10.1111/bij.12098. ISSN 0024-4066.
- ^ a b Mehta, Rita S.; Wainwright, Peter C. (2007-02-01). "Biting releases constraints on moray eel feeding kinematics". Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (3): 495–504. doi:10.1242/jeb.02663. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 17234619.
- ^ Reece, Joshua S.; Bowen, Brian W.; Smith, David G.; Larson, Allan. "Molecular phylogenetics of moray eels (Muraenidae) demonstrates multiple origins of a shell-crushing jaw (Gymnomuraena, Echidna) and multiple colonizations of the Atlantic Ocean". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 829–835. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.013.
- ^ Mehta, Rita S. (2009-01-01). "Ecomorphology of the Moray Bite: Relationship between Dietary Extremes and Morphological Diversity". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 82 (1): 90–103. doi:10.1086/594381. ISSN 1522-2152.
{{cite journal}}: no-break space character in|first=at position 5 (help) - ^ a b Collar, David C.; Reece, Joshua S.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Wainwright, Peter C.; Mehta, Rita S. (2014-06-01). "Imperfect Morphological Convergence: Variable Changes in Cranial Structures Underlie Transitions to Durophagy in Moray Eels". The American Naturalist. 183 (6): E168–E184. doi:10.1086/675810. ISSN 0003-0147.
- ^ a b c Ebner, Brendan C.; Fulton, Christopher J.; Donaldson, James A.; Schaffer, Jason (2016). "Distinct habitat selection by freshwater morays in tropical rainforest streams". Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 25 (2): 329–335. doi:10.1111/eff.12213. ISSN 1600-0633.
- ^ a b Tsukamoto, Katsumi; Watanabe, Shun; Kuroki, Mari; Aoyama, Jun; Miller, Michael J. (2014). "Freshwater habitat use by a moray eel species, Gymnothorax polyuranodon, in Fiji shown by otolith microchemistry". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 97 (12): 1377–1385. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0228-9. ISSN 0378-1909.
- ^ Higgins, B. A.; Mehta, R. S. (2018). "Distribution and habitat associations of the California moray (Gymnothorax mordax) within Two Harbors, Santa Catalina Island, California". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 101 (1): 95–108. doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0684-0. ISSN 0378-1909.
- ^ a b Young, Robert F.; Winn, Howard E.; Montgomery, W. L. (2003). "Activity Patterns, Diet, and Shelter Site Use for Two Species of Moray Eels, Gymnothorax moringa and Gymnothorax vicinus, in Belize". Copeia. 2003 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0044:apdass]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0045-8511.