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92.21.149.193

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2.101.21.148 (talk) 22:45, 25 August 2015 (UTC)Reply

August 2015

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  Hello, I'm DavidLeighEllis. I noticed that you made a comment on the page User talk:Opal-kadett that didn't seem very civil, so it has been removed. Wikipedia needs people like you and me to collaborate, so it's one of our core principles to interact with one another in a polite and respectful manner. If you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. DavidLeighEllis (talk) 21:42, 17 August 2015 (UTC)Reply

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Heeeeeeeeeeelium

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Effects

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Neutral helium at standard conditions is non-toxic, plays no biological role and is found in trace amounts in human blood. [1]

The speed of sound in helium is nearly three times the speed of sound in air. Because the fundamental frequency of a gas-filled cavity is proportional to the speed of sound in the gas, when helium is inhaled there is a corresponding increase in the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract.[2] [3][4][5][6][7][8] The fundamental frequency (sometimes called pitch) does not change, since this is produced by direct vibration of the vocal folds, which is unchanged.[9] However, the higher resonant frequencies cause a change in timbre, resulting in a reedy, duck-like vocal quality. The opposite effect, lowering resonant frequencies, can be obtained by inhaling a dense gas such as sulfur hexafluoride or xenon.

Hazards

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Inhaling helium can be dangerous if done to excess since helium is a simple asphyxiant,[10][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][16][17][17][18][18][19][19] and so displaces oxygen needed for normal respiration.[7][10][16][17][18][19][20] Blackouts.,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] physical trauma from falling during a black out.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and embolisms[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22] have occered. Fatalities have been recorded, including a youth who suffocated in Vancouver in 2003[22][23][23] and two adults who suffocated in South Florida in 2006.[22][23][24] In 1998, an Australian girl (her age is not known) from Victoria fell unconscious and temporarily turned blue after inhaling the entire contents of a party balloon.[25][26][27] Breathing pure helium continuously causes death by asphyxiation within minutes.[11][12][13][14][15] This fact is utilized in the design of suicide bags.[13] Several authors have also reported various cases of 'suicide by helium' over the years.[13]

Inhaling helium directly from pressurized cylinders is extremely dangerous and has even killed some people, as the high flow rate can result in barotrauma in the thought and lungs, fatally rupturing lung tissue.[20][22][22][23][28][28][29]

Death caused by helium is rare. The first media-recorded case was that of a 15-year-old girl from Texas who died in 1998 from helium inhalation at a friend's party; the exact type of helium death is unidentified.[25][26][27]

Globally Between 1993 and 2007, only 18 people were recorded as having died from inhailng it,[30] including a 15 year old Texan girl in 1998 and [25][26][27] In 1998, an Australian girl (her age is not known) from Victoria fell unconscious and temporarily turned blue after inhaling the entire contents of a party balloon.[25][26][27] The other identified fatalities included included A 2002 case report from a Japanese medical journal described a an incident when a drunken Japanese adolescent stuck his head into an advertising balloon and asphyxiated earler that year[13] A 27-year-old man in Australia had an embolism after breathing from a cylinder in 2000.[22][23] and a youth asphyxiated in Vancouver during 2003 [22][23]

Only one known case has occered in the UK. On the 19th of November, 2010, another teenager in Northern Ireland died of asphyxiation.[31]

In the United States only two fatalities were reported between 2000 and 2004, including a man who died in N. Carolina of barotrauma in 2002.[22][28] Since then two adults asphyxiated in South Florida in 2006,[22][24][32] 10-year-old New Jersey boy collapsed and blacked out in at a 2006 birthday party in after sucking helium from a balloon.[13] and there were cases in 2009 and 2010, one a Californian youth who was found with a bag over his head, attached to a helium tank,[33] and later at Eagle Point, Oregon a teenage girl died in the November of 2012[34][35][36][37][38][19][39][29][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] from barotrauma from inhaling the gas from a pressurized cylinder at a party.[29]

A 12 year old girl from Clarkston, Michigan died from hypoxia later in the year.[49][50] A 44 year old nurse from Millbourne, Delaware County, Pennsylvania died a day erlier in 2012 while inhalation it from a bag she put over here head.[14][30][51][52][53][54][55] A 10 year old boy from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, passes out and almost died after inhaling helium from a balloon at a party on December 6, 2012 [14]

The safety issues for cryogenic helium are similar to those of liquid nitrogen; its extremely low temperatures can result in cold burns, and the liquid-to-gas expansion ratio can cause explosions if no pressure-relief devices are installed. Containers of helium gas at 5 to 10 K should be handled as if they contain liquid helium due to the rapid and significant thermal expansion that occurs when helium gas at less than 10 K is warmed to room temperature.[56]

At high pressures (more than about 20 atm or two MPa), a mixture of helium and oxygen (heliox) can lead to high-pressure nervous syndrome, a sort of reverse-anesthetic effect; adding a small amount of nitrogen to the mixture can alleviate the problem.[57][58]

  1. ^ "The Effects Of Inhaling Helium Gas". lifemartini.com.
  2. ^ "Singapore Seen - This video will show why inhaling helium isn't as fun as you thought". stomp.com.sg.
  3. ^ "Kid Inhales Too Much Helium (Video)". dailypicksandflicks.com.
  4. ^ "Is it dangerous to inhale helium?". Slate Magazine.
  5. ^ "Bethlehem boy, 10, passes out after inhaling helium". tribunedigital-mcall.
  6. ^ http://www.inhalants.org/pdf/12%20FINAL_inhalants_%20press_release.pdf
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference nbb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Ackerman MJ, Maitland G (1975). "Calculation of the relative speed of sound in a gas mixture". Undersea Biomed Res. 2 (4): 305–10. PMID 1226588. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
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  10. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference lifemartini.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference singaporeseen.stomp.com.sg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference dailypicksandflicks.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cite error: The named reference slate.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference articles.mcall.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference inhalants.org was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b c d e f "Inhaling helium". netmums.com.
  17. ^ a b c d e f http://www.connectmidmissouri.com/news/story.aspx?list=194662&id=722869#.VA9TdvldVCt
  18. ^ a b c d e f http://www.connectmidmissouri.com/news/story.aspx?
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Julie Weingarden Dubin. "Mom story: My daughter died from inhaling helium". SheKnows.
  20. ^ a b (in German) Grassberger, Martin; Krauskopf, Astrid (2007). "Suicidal asphyxiation with helium: Report of three cases Suizid mit Helium Gas: Bericht über drei Fälle". Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift (in German & English). 119 (9–10): 323–325. doi:10.1007/s00508-007-0785-4. PMID 17571238.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  21. ^ pooloo
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  23. ^ a b c d e f "Tampabay: 2 found dead under deflated balloon". sptimes.com.
  24. ^ a b "Two students die after breathing helium". CBC.
  25. ^ a b c d "Helium inhalation – it's no laughing matter – Article courtesy of BOC Gases". Balloon Artists & Suppliers Association of Australasia Ltd.
  26. ^ a b c d "Dangers of Helium Inhalation". Lou's Balloons.
  27. ^ a b c d "Helium Gas Safety & Data Sheet". bouncetime.
  28. ^ a b c Engber, Daniel (2006-06-13). "Stay Out of That Balloon!". Slate.com. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
  29. ^ a b c "Medscape: Medscape Access". medscape.com.
  30. ^ a b Julian Sonny (11 December 2012). "Pennsylvania Women Kills Herself By Inhaling Too Much Helium". Elite Daily.
  31. ^ "Tributes to 'helium death' teenager from Newtownabbey". BBC Online. 19 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  32. ^ Josefson, D (2000). "Imitating Mickey Mouse can be dangerous". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 320 (7237): 732. PMC 1117755.
  33. ^ "Teen Dies After Inhaling Helium". KTLA News. RIVERSIDE: ktla.com. January 6, 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  34. ^ Mather, Kate (2012-02-24). "Parents of Eagle Point girl who died from inhaling helium hope to save others from same fate". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
  35. ^ Barnard, Jeff (2012-02-22). "Ashley Long, Oregon Teenager, Dies After Inhaling Helium At Wild Party (VIDEO)". Huffington Post.
  36. ^ "Family's fury as girl, 14, dies in horrific accident after inhaling helium at party". Daily Mail. London.
  37. ^ "Teen girl dies after inhaling helium at party". TODAY.com.
  38. ^ Salon Staff. "Teenage Girl Dies After Inhaling Helium At Party". salon.com.
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  40. ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/14-year-old-oregon-girl-dies-inhaling-helium-article-1.1027478
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  48. ^ "Medscape: Medscape Access". medscape.com.
  49. ^ CJ Carnacchio. "Mom warns of dangers of inhaling helium". clarkstonnews.com.
  50. ^ The Oxford Leader Newspaper, Sherman Publications, Inc., December 3, 2012.
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  53. ^ "Hospital worker Teresa Mastracola commits suicide by inhaling HELIUM". Georgia Newsday.
  54. ^ "Inhaling Helium Ruled Cause of Pennsylvania Woman's Apparent Suicide". Newsmax.
  55. ^ http://www.connectmidmissouri.com/news/story.aspx?id=444438#.VA9T0fldVCshttp://www.capitalbay.com/headline/279701-pennsylvania-woman-commits-suicide-by-inhaling-helium.html
  56. ^ Cite error: The named reference LANL.gov was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  57. ^ Rostain J.C., Lemaire C., Gardette-Chauffour M.C., Doucet J., Naquet R. (1983). "Estimation of human susceptibility to the high-pressure nervous syndrome". J Appl Physiol. 54 (4): 1063–70. PMID 6853282. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. ^ Hunger, Jr., W. L.; Bennett., P. B. (1974). "The causes, mechanisms and prevention of the high-pressure nervous syndrome". Undersea Biomed. Res. 1 (1): 1–28. OCLC 2068005. PMID 4619860. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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