User:ZHANG KUN0305/Sichuan opera

Performance craft

singing tune

During the actual formation of Sichuan Opera, the foreign Kun, Gao, Hu, and Tan tunes each had their own process of introduction and evolution. The local lantern opera also absorbed folk tunes from South China and North China to gradually form their own tunes.

• Chuan Kun refers to the Kunqu opera of Sichuan Opera, which evolved from the Kunqu opera of Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu's Kunqu Opera(Sukun for short) from Jiangsu flowed into Sichuan in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty, as a large number of government officials and celebrities immigrated to Sichuan, Kunqu became popular with their families, and Kunqu also entered Sichuan. When Kun Opera arrived in Sichuan, it retained its original tunes, but in order to meet the needs of Sichuan audiences, the opera changed to the Sichuan dialect, which became Sichuan Kun. Combined with Gaoqiang, Huqin, Tanxi, and other tones as well as Sichuan opera gongs and drums, it was performed in the form of group tunes of "two and three groans". Or "Kundou" (Kunqiang Qupai and other voice cavity group way) into the opera. At the same time, it is customary to dissolve the blow tone into Kunqu's tone. Kunqu Opera is a long-term combination of Sichuan dialect, folk music, Sichuan opera gongs, and drums, gradually evolving into Sichuan singing characteristics of Kunqu - Sichuan Kun. In 1912, the Kunqu Opera troupe Shuyi Ban joined the Sanqing Association and Kunqu Opera became one of the five Sichuan opera tones.
• Gaoqiang is the most distinctive and representative form of Sichuan opera. Its main characteristics are as follows: free line and free singing style. There is no accompaniment, and only a clapper and drum are used to adjust the rhythm of Gaoqiang. The percussion music uses big gongs and drums, which run through the Qupai all the time so that the help, playing, and singing are closely combined together. In the singing process, the recitative and aria are used alternately, and the accompaniment and singing enhance each other. In addition, the accompaniment of gongs and drums can make the atmosphere of the stage change infinitely. Gaoqiang from Jiangxi Yiyang tune development, Qing Yongzheng two years (1724), Chengdu has Gaoqiang opera troupe "old Qinghua class". In the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, it had been introduced to Sichuan and was called "Qing Opera".Gaoqiang is a kind of folk singing style, which does not hold strings but sings colloquially. It has a large number of Qupai and is complemented by percussion music (accompaniment of gongs and drums). It has distinct characteristics and an outstanding personality and is deeply loved by the Sichuan people. It combines with the Sichuan dialect and local Yangko rap and other folk arts to enrich its expressive force and form its own unique style. In the first year of the Republic of China, the Gaoqiang Opera troupe, banquet, music troupe, and other opera groups formed the "Sanqinghui". Gaoqiang Opera gradually became the main voice of Sichuan Opera.
• The Huqin tune, also known as "Sixianzi", got its name because it is mainly played by "Xiao Hu Qin". It is developed from the Hui tune and Han tune and absorbs the components of Shaanxi Hanzhong Erhuang. It is also complete with Xipi and Erhuang, but it has its characteristics in tone, style, passing through the door, and so on, and is sung in the Sichuan dialect. Huqin tune became popular in Sichuan during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Later, it was gradually "Sichuan-style" by combining with Sichuan dialect, music, especially gongs and drums in Sichuan opera as well as other tones. First, it was performed in the form of "two cooking POTS" and "three cooking POTS". In the first year of the Republic of China, the Huqin Opera troupe officially joined the "Sanqing Association" and became the Sichuan opera of the five-tone Republic.

• Tanxi, also known as "Chuan Bangzi" or "Gai Banzi", is a variation of Qinqiang in Sichuan. The Qinqiang Opera was introduced into Sichuan earlier. One theory is that Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong introduced it when they entered Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Another theory is the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. During the evolution of Qin Opera in Sichuan, Shaanxi Opera was first changed into Sichuan Opera to adapt to the habits of Sichuan audiences. At the same time, it was gradually combined with Huqin, Gaoqiang, and other tones, as well as Sichuan opera gongs and drums, or performed in groups. Many Sichuan opera plays are mainly played by playing opera, which is also integrated into Huqin and Deng. After the establishment of the "Sanqing Hui", the opera troupe Taihong joined the league, and the opera became an integral part of the five tones of Sichuan Opera. Tanxi includes two kinds of tunes with very different emotions: one is called "Tian Ping", showing the feeling of joy and joy. One is called Kuping, which expresses sad and bitter feelings. The plate has "yizi", "erliu", "sanban", "duoban", "daoban" and so on.
• The lantern tune is derived from the folk Lantern Festival custom and folk song and dance and music in Sichuan. The main voice is the accompaniment of "pangtongtong" and folk ditties. Also known as "pangtongtong". In the process of its development, it absorbed the North and south ditties and developed from the custom of the Lantern Festival to be performed all year round. Lantern tune music is generally relatively short, with distinct rhythm, and bright melody, listen to have a relaxed and lively feeling, a long performance witty comedy scene. In the use of lantern tune, Qu Pai is also used to connect the form, but because the music is relatively short, usually only four or six sentences or the next sentence, when singing, a piece of music (section) is mostly repeated with several different lyrics. Qupai (tune) more. The main accompaniment instrument is the "datongtong Huqin", which has a thick and short rod, a large tube, and a slight "om" sound. Later, string instruments such as the Sichuan Erhu were added

Unique skill

Sichuan Opera's unique Bian Lian is a rare bright spot among local operas that have declined in the past 30 years. Performers can continuously change more than ten facial makeup during the performance. Some actors also use physical conditions and equipment to make bold innovations, combine with acrobatics and juggling and can perform unique skills such as lifting, drilling fire rings, water sleeves, Tibetan knives, and trapezing.

Sichuan Opera performance in Chengdu teahouse -- Bian Lian

Music

Sichuan opera music is unique. Its percussion music is very exciting. Sichuan opera gongs and drums are the best among all kinds of percussion music. It has a strong sound, clear and changeable rhythm, and unique timbre. The wind and percussion music of Sichuan opera is also the most important content in Sichuan opera, there are many suona tunes and gongs and drum sets; Sichuan opera silk and bamboo music is often played with huqin and flute tunes. In terms of use, Kunqiang uses Qudi and Huqin tunes The huqin is used, the cover board is used for playing, and the accompaniment of "minus" is used for the lantern show. The music styles are diverse and full of artistic characteristics.

Repertoire

The repertoire of Sichuan opera is very rich. There is a saying that "three thousand in the Tang Dynasty, eight hundred in the Song Dynasty, and countless countries". There are more than 100 repertoires on the stage. Among them, there are many rich relics from Song and Yuan Southern Operas, Yuan Zaju, Ming Legends, and many classic operas of ancient vocal operas, as well as Bashu literati such as Zhao Xi, Huang Ji'an, Yin Zhongxi, Liu Huaixu, Ran Qiaozi, Zhao Xunbo, Xu Wenyao, Wu Boqi, Li Mingzhang, For the outstanding contributions of Wei Minglun, Xu Fen, and others, the representative repertoires in traditional operas include:

• The legacy of the Gaoqiang part is the richest, and the artistic features are also the most prominent, such as the so-called "Five Robes", "Four Pillars", and "Jiang Hu Shi Ba Ben". "Five Robes" are "The Story of the Green Robe" (also known as "Wufutang", which describes the event of Liang Hao's 82-year-old champion), "The Story of the Yellow Robe" (also known as "The Volume of Buddha", which describes the event of Sakyamuni's becoming a Buddha), "The Story of the White Robe" (writing about Xue Rengui), "The Story of the Red Robe" (that is, "The Story of the White Rabbit"), "The Story of the Green Robe" (that is, "The Face of the Green Robe", "Kao Chuntao"). The "Four Pillars" are "Tiantian Pillar" (writing about Gonggong's anger and anger at the mountain), "Crystal Pillar" (writing about the story of Avalokitesvara and Wei Tuo collecting indiscriminate dragons and water dragons), and "Nine Dragon Pillars" (writing about the story of the grand master's ascension to heaven). , "Pillars of the Five Elements" (writing about Monkey King making troubles in the Heavenly Palace). The "Eighteen Books of Rivers and Lakes" are "Yougui Ji", "Cailou Ji", "Wooden Jingchai", "Jade Hairpin", "Bai Luopa", "Baihua Pavilion", "Sunflower Well", "Luanchai Ji" and The titles are "Release the White Snake", "White Parrot", "The Story of Three Filial Pieties", "The Story of Huaiyin", "Zhong Sanyuan", "Ju Gucheng", "Iron Crown Picture", "The Three Festivals", "Han Zhenlie", " "Five Nobility Lianfang", "Languan Walking in Snow" and so on. In addition, there are "Golden Seal", "The Story of the Pipa", "The Story of the Red Plum", and "Ban Chao" (that is, "Tou Notes") Gaoqiang 4 major books.
• The repertoire of Tanxi is represented by the four major volumes of "Chun Qiu Pei", "Mei Jiang Xian", "Hua Tian Cuo" and "kujiezhuan".
• Huqin repertoires mostly perform the stories of the Three Kingdoms and other countries. The "Huangben" written by Huang Ji'an, a writer in the late Qing Dynasty, is the most famous, such as "Qing Ling Tai", "San Fa Song", "Shen Nong Jian", "Shen Ji Ping", "Chai Shi Jie", " San Jin Zhong", "Mian Zhu Guan", "Jiang You Guan" and so on.
• There are not many repertoires of Kunqu opera, and the common ones are "Yi Jian Xian Jian", "Dong Chuang Xiu Ben", "Zui Zao", "Zui Da", "Zhui Ma", "He Fan", "Dao Hui" and so on.
• The repertoire of lantern opera includes "Ping Zhang Nian", "Bai Xin Nian", "Da Mian Gang", "Wu Zi Gao Mu", "Cai Yi" and so on. Among the works of literati, Zhao Xi's "Qing Tan", Ran Qiaozi's "Dao Wu Bi" and Yin Zhongxi's "Li Yan Ai" are all good repertoires.

After 1949, 321 repertoires were successively identified and 116 repertoires were compiled and published. Among them, "The Story of the Willow Shade", "The Story of the Caillou", "The Story of the Jade Hairpin", "La Lang Pei", "Mandarin Ducks", "The Royal River Bridge", "The Adventure of Master Qiao", "The Story of Burning Incense", "The Legend of Fu Nu" ", "Jinshan Temple" and so on, have been well received by audiences at home and abroad. There are also many historical story dramas and modern dramas compiled and performed, such as "Marriage", "Husband and Wife Bridge", "Wangniangtan", "Ding Youjun" compiled by the writer Li Mingzhang, and "Red Rhododendron" and "Yibin Baimao" written by other playwrights. Female", "Xu Yunfeng", "Jiang Jie", "Jiang Lang Da Xin", "Yi Bold", "Four Girls" and so on.

Famous actors

Since the Qing Dynasty, innumerable Sichuan opera performing artists have emerged, such as Wei Changsheng in the Qianlong period, Xiao Xiating and Yue Chun in the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, Fu Sangan and Huang Jinfeng in the Guangxu and Xuantong years, Yang Sulan and Yang Sulan in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Kang Zilin, Tang Guangti, Huanhuaxian, etc., Xiao Kaicheng, Tian Lai, Cao Junchen, Yan Bingzhang, etc. during the Republic of China. After the Republic, there was the older generation, such as Jia Peizhi, Zhang Decheng, Zhou Haibin, Zhou Mulan, Wu Xiaolei, etc.; The middle-aged generation includes Liu Chengji, Zhou Yuxiang, Zhou Qihe, Chen Quanbo, Yang Youhe, Xue Yanqiu, Jiang Shangfeng, Yuan Yukun, Zeng Ronghua, and so on. The young generation includes Chen Shufang, Jing Hua, Yang Shuying, Xu Qianyun, Situ Huicong, Li Xiaofei, Xie Ping 'an, etc.; Rising stars include Zhao Youyu, Blue Presence, Zhang Qiaofeng, Liu Shiyu and so on.