Africa
edit
Kabyles
- Proposed state: Kabylie
- Political party: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie de la Kabylie[1]
Cabinda (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda[2]
- Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Rebel organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
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- Bakassi Peninsula
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi[3]
Southern Cameroons (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon, Ambazonia
- Political party: Southern Cameroons National Council[4]
- Anjouan
- Political parties: Anjouan People's Movement, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana[5]
Mohéli
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali[6]
- Bas-Congo
- Pressure group: Bundu dia Kongo
- Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo[7]
Katanga
- Political parties: Confédération des Associations de Katanga Tribales, Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans
- Rebel organizations: Mai-Mai community-based militia groups[8]
- Status: Sporadic violence
- Kwili, Kivu, Bukavu
- Status: Confused fighting in progress[9]
- Northern Regions
- Proposed state: Republique des les Regions Nordenses.
- Pressure groups: Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire" (MPCI), Mouvement populaire ivoirien du Grand Ouest (MPIGO), Movement for Justice and Peace (MJP)[10]
- Copts
- Proposed state: Coptic Pharaonic Republic
- Pressure group: Coptic Christians living abroad[11]
Bioko
- Pressure group: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island
- Status: The indigenous Bubi people are now outnumbered by Fernandinos and Fang immigrants from the mainland.[12]
- Gambela Region
- Rebel organization: Gambella Peoples Liberation Front
Ogaden (
Somali Region)
- Proposed state: Republic of Ogadenia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front, Western Somali Liberation Front
- Pressure group: Ogaden Youth Association
- Oromia Region
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Western Sahara
- De facto state: Free Zone
- Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based in refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria[14]
- Political party: Polisario Front
- Rebel Movement: Polisario Front
Caprivi
- Proposed state: Free State of Caprivi Strip/Itenge[15]
- Political party: Caprivi African National Union
- Rebel organization: Caprivi Liberation Army[16]
- Agadez Department
- Rebel organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara
- Political parties: Taniminnak Tidot N Tenere, Tidot Union of Tenere.
- Proposed state: Akal N Tenere, Tenere Republic
- Bakassi Peninsula
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Igbo
- Proposed state: Biafra (defunct)
- Political party: Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
- Ijaw
- Proposed state: Niger Delta Republic
- Rebel organization: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force
Ogoni
- Political party: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
- Yoruba
- Proposed state: Oduduwa Republic of the Yorubas
- Political party: Oodua Republic Front
Batwa (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Association for the Promotion of Batwa
banadirstate- banadiri
- Proposed autonomous region: banadir State of Somalia
Jubaland
- Proposed state: Republic of Jubaland
- Rebel organization: Somali Patriotic Movement
Maakhir
Puntland
- De facto state: Republic of Puntland State of Somalia
- Political party: Somali Salvation Democratic Front
Somaliland
- De facto state: Republic of Somaliland
- Political party: Somali National Movement
Southwestern Somalia
- Proposed autonomous region: State of Southwestern Somalia
- Rebel organization: Rahanwein Resistance Army
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Casamance
- Rebel organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance[17]
Boere-Afrikaners
- Proposed state: Volkstaat[18]
- Pressure group: Orania Movement
- Rebel organization: Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, Boeremag
- Beja
- Rebel organization: Beja Congress
Darfur
- Rebel organization: Darfur Liberation Front
- Eastern Sudan
- Rebel organization: Eastern Front (Sudan)
Zanzibar (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Civic United Front
- Sahrawis
- De facto state: Free Zone
- Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic based in refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria (see foreign relations of Western Sahara)
- Political party: Polisario Front
Barotse
- Proposed state: Barotseland
- Rebel organization: Barotse Patriotic Front[19]
Asia
edit- Badakhshan (Wakhan Corridor)
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon
- Proposed autonomous region: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic[20]
Nagorno-Karabakh
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic[21]
Talysh-Mughan
- Proposed autonomous region: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[22]
Chittagong Hill Tracts (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)- Political Party: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti[23][24]
- Proposed Autonomous Region: Jummaland Autonomous Region
- Rebel orgnaization: Banga Sena
- Proposed State: Hindu Republic of Bangabhumi
Secessionist movements
edit- File:Hkindependence.gif Hong Kong
- Pressure groups: Hong Konger Front; it is unclear whether this actually exists as an organisation.
- Proposed state: Republic of Hong Kong[25]
Inner Mongolia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Inner Mongolian People's Party, Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance[26]
Tibet (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- the 14th Dalai Lama, head of the Government-in-exile: Tibetan Government in Exile[27]
- Political party: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet, United Liberation Front of Tibet[28]
- Pressure groups: Students for a Free Tibet
East Turkestan / Uyghuristan / Xinjiang (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Rebel organization: East Turkestan Islamic Movement
- Political party: East Turkestan Government in Exile
- Proposed state: Eastern Turkestan Republic[29]
- Pressure groups: World Uyghur Congress
Autonomist movements
edit
Macau
- Political party: New Democratic Macau Association[30]
Abkhazia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- De facto state: Republic of Abkhazia
- Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti region
- Pressure group: Javakh, United Javakh-Democratic Alliance, Virk
- Proposed autonomous region: Javakh autonomous region
South Ossetia
- De facto state: Republic of South Ossetia
Note: Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory and not recognised as an Indian integral part, according to the International community.
- Rebel organizations: Lashkar-e-Toiba, Harkat-ul-mujahideen
- Proposed state: Unification with Pakistan
- Political organizations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Independent State of Kashmir
See also: Insurgent groups in Northeast India
- Andhra Pradesh
- Political party: Jai Andhra[31]
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Rebel organization: Arunachal Dragon Force
- Proposed autonomous region: Teola country[32]
- Assam
See also under Bodoland, Dimasaland, Kamtapur, Karbi below.
- Rebel organization: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam[33]
Bodoland
- Political parties: National Democratic Front of Bodoland
- Dimasaland
- Political party: Dima Halim Daogah (Two factions)
- Garo
- Rebel organizations: People's Liberation Front of Meghalaya/Achik National Volunteer Council[34]
- Proposed autonomous region: Achikland
- Gondwana
- Political party: Gondwana Ganatantra Party, seeking to create a Gondi state from parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra[35]
- Kamtapur
- Political party: Kamtapur Peoples Party (political wing of KLO)
- Rebel organizations: Kamtapur Liberation Organisation, Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation
- Proposed autonomous region: Kamtapur state curved out of West Bengal
- Karbi
- Rebel organization: Karbi National Volunteers, United People’s Democratic Solidarity[36]
- Proposed autonomous region: Karbi-Anglong[citation needed]
- Karnataka
- Nagaland
- Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Manipur
- Mizoram[citation needed]
- Rebel organizations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization[citation needed], Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force[citation needed]
- Proposed state: Zozam[citation needed]
- Punjab
- Proposed state:
Khalistan - Rebel organizations: Khalistan Commando Force, Babbar Khalsa International, Khalistan Zindabad Force, International Sikh Youth Federation, Khalistan Liberation Force
- Proposed state:
- Rayalaseema[citation needed]
- Tamil Nadu[citation needed]
- Rebel organizations: Tamil National Retrieval Troops, Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
- Telangana
- Political parties: Telangana Rashtra Samithi, seeking to separate Telangana from Andhra Pradesh state. Various other minor groups such as Jai Telangana Party, Telangana Communist Party, Telangana Janata Party, Telangana Praja Samithi, Telangana Rashtra Party, Telangana Rashtra Sadhana Front, Telangana Rashtra Samithi and Telangana Sadhana Samithi.
- Tripura
- Rebel organizations: National Liberation Front of Tripura (two factions operating), All Tripura Tiger Force
- Vidarbha[citation needed]
- Political parties: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, seeking to separate Vidarbha from Maharashtra.
- Zomi[citation needed]
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress[citation needed]
Aceh (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Free Aceh Movement
Maluku (South Moluccas is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Maluku Sovereignty Front
- Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan
Riau
West Papua (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Free Papua Movement/Organisasi Papua Merdeka, West Papua Niugini
- Proposed state: Republic of West Papua
Sulawesi
Bali
- Proposed state: Republic of Bali
- Pressure group: Bali Independence Movement
- Eastern Java
- Proposed state: Republic of East(ern) Java
- Pressure groups: Local community political activists.
- Ryūkyūs, Ryukyuan people
- Proposed state: Republic of the Ryūkyūs
- Political party: Ryukyu independence movement, Kariyushi Club (formerly "Ryūkyū Independent Party")
- Arakan
- Pressure group: Arakan Independence Alliance
Chin
- Rebel organization: Chin National Front
- Proposed state: Chinland
Kachin
- Political party: Kachin National Organization
- Proposed state: Kachinland
- Karen
- Pressure group: Karen National Union
- Rebel organization: Karen National Liberation Army
- Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
- Karenni (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: Karenni National Progressive Party
- Rebel organization: Karenni Army
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Kuki
- Pressure group: Kuki National Organisation
- Rebel organization: Kuki National Army
- Proposed state: Kukiland
- Mon
- Political party: New Mon State Party
- Nagaland
- Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Rakhine people
- Pressure group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization
- Shan
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Pressure group: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Rebel organization: Shan State Army
- Proposed state: Federated Shan States
- Wa
- Political party: United Wa State Party
- Rebel organization: United Wa State Army
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Zomi
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
- Rebel organizations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army
- Proposed state: Zogam, or Federated State of Zomi
- Balochistan
- Political Party: Balochistan Liberation Front, Balochistan Liberation Army
Balawaristan
- Political party: Gilgit Baltistan United Movement
- Proposed state: Republic of Gilgit Baltistan
Sindh
- Proposed state: Sindhudesh
- Political movement: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz
Waziristan
- Political party: Taliban, al-Qaeda
- Rebel organization: Army of Waziristan
- De facto state: Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
Pashtunistan
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- Bangsamoro
- Political party: Moro National Liberation Front
- Rebel organization: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao, Bangsamoro Juridical Entity
- Cordillera (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Cordillera Bodong Association
- Rebel organization: Cordillera People's Liberation Army
Russian Federation (Asia)
edit
Altai Republic
Buryatia
- Political party: All Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
Khakassia
Sakha
- Political party: Sakha-Amuk
Tuva
- Political party: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"
- Tamil
- Proposed state: Tamil Eelam
- Rebel organization: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (militarily inactive)[38]
Republic of China (Taiwan)
edit
Taiwan (Main article: Taiwan independence, Political status of Taiwan) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)
- Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
- De facto state: Republic of China[39]
- Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon[20]
Patani
- Rebel organization: Patani United Liberation Organization (PULO) (irredentist)
- Proposed state: "Greater Patani State" (Negara Patani Raya)[40]
Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Kurdish people
- Rebel organization: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan[41]
- Group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party. (obscure: possibly only exists the Internet)[42]
- Degar
- Proposed autonomous region: Tây Nguyên
- Pressure group: Montagnard Foundation[43]
The Middle East
edit- Status: Politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries
- Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), Kurdistan Independence Party (PSK)
- Rebel organizations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan (PJAK), Komalah
- Proposed state: Kurdistan[44]
- Status: Formal groups not identified, but pressure for independence of Baloch people[45]
Arabistan (Khuzestan) (See also: Politics of Khūzestān Province)
- Rebel organizations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
- Pressure group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz
Azerbaijan
- Proposed state: To be a part of Azerbaijan (supported only by a small minority)[46]
- Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (The Assyrian Universal Alliance is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Assyrian Universal Alliance (AUA)
- Proposed autonomous region: Assyria
- Kurdish people (the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) are members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Shi'a Muslims
- Political Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council
Iraqi Turkmen (The Iraqi National Turkmen Party is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (ITF) (goal: recognition of Turkmen as a national minority)
Palestine (Main article: Proposals for a Palestinian state)
- Rebel organizations: al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (now officially known as al-Shaid Yasser Arafat Brigades), Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Tanzim
- Political parties: Hamas, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah, Palestine Liberation Front, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Palestinian National Authority, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
- Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Kurdish people
- Political party: Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)
- Rebel organization: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Tribal and regional factions call for autonomous rights in the Aden, Yemen and Dhofar regions.
Europe
editVarious ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union, several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance. In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighboring country.
Northern Epirus
- Proposed state, Proposed autonomous region
Brussels-Capital Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
- Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie member of the European People's Party
- Vlaamse Progressieven member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- VLOTT
Flemish Region
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie member of the European People's Party
- Vlaamse Progressieven member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- VLOTT
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
German-speaking Community of Belgium
- Political parties:
- Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Political parties:
Walloon Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
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Republika Srpska
- Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party[47]
Istria
- Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum
- Krajina:
- Political party: Republic of Serbian Krajina Government in Exile
Northern Cyprus
- De facto state: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Moravia
- Political parties: Moravané member of the European Free Alliance 25px[48]
Faroe Islands
- Political party: Republican Party, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
Åland
- Political party: Future of Åland member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Proposed state: Åland
Sami
Bourgogne
- Political party: Mouvement de libération de la Bourgogne
- Rebel organization: GALB
Alsace-Lorraine
- Political party: Forum Nationaliste d'Alsace-Lorraine, Union du Peuple Alsacien
Basque Country
- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Parti Nationaliste Basque.
- Pressure group: All local politicians [citation needed], even those in "French" parties, agree to demand a Basque département and co-officiality of Basque language, a demand that has been rejected by the French government.
- Rebel organization: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA
- Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
Brittany
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political party: Adsav, Breton Party, Union Démocratique Bretonne member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Emgann
- Rebel organization: Armée Révolutionnaire Bretonne, Front de Libération de la Bretagne
- Proposed state: Brittany
Corsica
- Political party: Corsica Nazione, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Rebel organization: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
Normandy
- Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
Northern Catalonia
- Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Bloc Català
- Proposed state: Països Catalans
Savoy
- Political party: Savoy Regional Movement
- Political party: Ligue savoisienne
Occitania
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra
French Flanders or French Netherlands
- Political Party: Le Bloc Représentatif du Nord-France et Flandres Frances
- Proposed state: Les Pays-Bas français, Les Flandres françaises or Le Parti du Artois et Flandres
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Bavaria
- Political party: Bavaria Party member of the European Free Alliance[50] 25px
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Padania
Aosta Valley
Piedmont
- Political parties: Lega Nord Piemont
Lombardy
- Political parties: Lega Lombarda, Lega Alleanza Lombarda, Lombard Independentist Front
- Pressure groups: Domà Nunch
Trentino
South Tyrol
- File:Bandiera Veneto.jpg Veneto
- Movement: Venetism
- Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetians in Movement, Venetian National Party, Venetian People's Unity
- File:Bandiera Friuli-VG.jpg Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- Political parties : Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Friuli Movement, Giulian Front
- File:Bandiera Liguria.jpg Liguria
- Political party: Lega Nord Liguria, Ligurian Independentist Movement
Emilia
- Political parties: Lega Nord Emilia
Romagna
- Political parties: Lega Nord Romagna
- Tuscany
- Political parties: Lega Nord Toscana
- File:Bandiera Marche.jpg Marche
- Political parties: Lega Nord Marche
- File:Bandiera Umbria.jpg Umbria
- Political parties: Lega Nord Umbria
Sardinia
Sicily
- Political parties: Movement for the Independence of Sicily, Sicilian Alliance, Sicilian People's Party, Sicilian National Front
- Pressure groups: Terra e Liberazione
- Southern Italy
- Political parties: Movement for Autonomy, Federalist Alliance, Lega Sud Ausonia, Southern Action League
Republic of Kosovo,
- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Rebel organization: Kosovo Liberation Army (became Kosovo Protection Corps)
North Kosovo
- Proposed state: part of Serbia
- Illyrida
- Political party: Democratic Party of Albanians
- Status: Continued unrest within Albanian-majority areas of Macedonia[51]
Gagauz Yeri
- Status: Turkic people - autonomous region.[52]
Transnistria
- Status: De facto state: Transnistria[53]
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Netherlands (Europe)
edit
Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, member of the European Free Alliance
- Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Fryslân[54]
Frisia
- Political party: Frisian Alliance
- Status: Democratic and cultural movement seeking independence for Frisian-speaking people in Fryslân, including areas now part of Germany, in addition to the Netherlands[55]
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Upper Silesia
- Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement[56]
- Székler Land: Székely autonomy initiatives
- Political organisation: Székler National Council[57]
Russian Federation (Europe)
edit
Adygea
Bashkortostan; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Chechnya
- Rebel organization: Chechen separatists
- Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Dagestan
Ingushetia
Kabardino-Balkaria
Karachay-Cherkessia
Northern Ossetia
Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Northern Ossetia
- Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Ichkeria)
Chuvashia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Don Cossackia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kaliningrad Oblast; ; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kalmykia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Karelia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kuban Cossackia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Mordovia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Tatarstan
- Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
- Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
Udmurtia
- Movement: the Udmurt Counsel (sic) is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Proposed state: Udmurtia
- Republic of Kosovo
- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Basque Country and
Navarre (Main article: Basque nationalism)
- Political party: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (member of the European Free Alliance 25px), Aralar, Nafarroa Bai, Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
- Terrorist organization: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
- Proposed state: Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Catalonia (Catalan independentism),
the Valencian Community and 
the Balearic Islands
- Civil Organization: Sobirania i Progrés, Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir, Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes
- Pressure groups: Catalunya Acció, Free Catalonia, Endavant, Moviment de Defensa de la Terra, Reagrupament
- Youth pressure groups: Maulets, Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
- Political parties (secessionist): Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (in the Catalan Countries); Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (in Catalonia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia; called Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià in the Valencian Country), member of the European Free Alliance 25px; Estat Català (in Catalonia).
- Political parties (autonomist): Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (in Catalonia); Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista, Entesa de l’Esquerra de Menorca (in the Balearic Islands); Bloc Nacionalista Valencià (in the Valencian Country).
- Proposed state: Catalan Countries (united or federated); Principality of Catalonia, Valencian Community and Balearic Islands.
- Galicia
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block)(autonomist), member of the European Free Alliance 25px, NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity)(independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front)(independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party) , Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
- Youth pressure groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
- Proposed state: Galiza
- Main article: Galician nationalism
.svg){kind=small}
Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
- Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
- Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
- Proposed state: Andalusia
Aragon
- Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista member of the European Free Alliance 25px
- Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Tierra Aragonesa
- Pressure groups: Puyalón
- Youth movement: Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista, A Enrestida
- Proposed state: Aragón
Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, URAS
- Political parties (secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Bloque por Asturies, Andecha Astur
- Youth movements: Darréu, UNA-Mocedá , Fai!
- Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA, Frenti Estudiantil d'Asturies
- Other pro-independence organizations: Sofitu
- Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturies
- Proposed flag: Asturina
Canary Islands
- Political party: Congreso Nacional Canario (MPAIAC party), Federación Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo
- Youth movement: Azarug
- Terrorist organization: MPAIAC (defunct)
- Proposed State: Canary Islands
Cantabria
- Political party: Conceju Nacionaliegu Cántabru
Castile
- Political parties (autonomist): Tierra Comunera
- Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana, Movimiento Popular Castellano,
- Youth movement: YESCA
- Proposed state: Castile
- Proposed flag: Pendón Morado,Pendón Estrellado
- Main article: Castilian nationalism
León
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés (UPL or Leonese People's Union),Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (PREPAL),Unión del Pueblo Salmantino (UPS), Partido Carlista del Reino de León (PC)
- Proposed state: País Llïonés - Leonese Country (Conceyu Xoven)
- Proposed autonomous region: Comunidad Autónoma de León - Autonomous Community of León (UPL, PREPAL, UPS, PC)
- Civil organizations: Ciudadanos del Reino de Leon (CCRRLL), Ciudadanos Zamoranos (CCZZ)
- Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Young Council)
- Principal Article: Leonese regionalist movement
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- Sami
Scania Political or cultural organisation: Stiftelsen Skånsk Framtid (Scanian Future Foundation) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)[58]
Jura
- Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement), Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement),
Ticino
- Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
- Pressure groups: Domà Nunch
Crimea (the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Carpathian Ruthenia: Congress of Carpathian Ruthenians
United Kingdom and associated territories (Europe)
editSecessionist movements
edit
Cornwall: Cornish self-government movement, Constitutional status of Cornwall
- Pressure groups: Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn, Celtic League
- Political parties: Mebyon Kernow - Party for Cornwall member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Cornish Green Party, Cornish National Party
England: English nationalism
- Political party: Free England Party
Northern Ireland ("Six Counties"): Irish nationalism, Irish Republicanism, Ulster nationalism
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Ulster Third Way, Ulster Independence Movement
- Militant organization: Provisional Irish Republican Army, Real IRA, Continuity IRA, Irish National Liberation Army
Isle of Man
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Mec Vannin, Liberal Vannin
Scotland: Scottish independence
- Pressure groups: Independence First, Celtic League, SRSM
- Political parties: Scottish National Party member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Scottish Enterprise Party, Solidarity (Scotland)
Wales: Welsh independence
- Pressure groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru member of the European Free Alliance 25px, Forward Wales, Wales Green Party, Cymru Annibynnol
Autonomist movements
edit- Cornish self-government movement, Constitutional status of Cornwall
- Pressure groups: Cornwall 2000, Cornish Solidarity
- England
- Pressure groups: Campaign for an English Parliament
- Political party: English Democrats Party
North America
editSecessionist movements
edit
Alberta (Main article: Alberta separatism)
- Political party: Separation Party of Alberta
- British Columbia + Pacific Northwestern US
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Republic of Cascadia, Cascadian Independence Project
Quebec (Main article: Quebec sovereignty movement)
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Labour union: Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ), Union des artistes (UDA)
- Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Parti indépendantiste
- Proposed state: Quebec
Saskatchewan
- Political party: Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan
- Western Canada
- Political party: Western Independence Party, Western Block Party
Autonomist movements
edit- Nunatsiavut
- Quebec
- Political party: Action démocratique du Québec
Greenland
- Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit
United States (North America)
edit
Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[59]
Black Belt (U.S. region)
- Pressure group: RNA, New Black Panther Party, Black Liberation Army
- Proposed state: Republic of New Afrika[60]
Lakota Sioux
- Pressure group: Lakotah Oyate
- Proposed state: Republic of Lakotah[61]
Minnesota
- Proposed state: People's Republic of the North Star
- Pressure group: North Star Republic[63]
New England
- Pressure group: New England Confederation Alliance
New Hampshire
- Pressure group: republicofnh.org
New York City
- Pressure groups: Peter Vallone, Free City of Tri-Insula
New York State
- Pressure groups: Joseph Sawiki (Western Long Island), Randy Kuhl (Upstate)
- Proposed state: Independent Long Island
Northern New England, Newfoundland, Atlantic Northeast, Middle Atlantic States, Ontario, Canadian prairies, Midwest, Northern Western United States, and Pacific Northwest (Areas of North America [excluding The South] primarily inhabited by whites)--Vinland
- Pressure group: Various white nationalist, white separatist, and Neo-Nazi groups
- Proposed state: Vinland
Oklahoma
- Pressure group: Indian Nations Republic of Oklahoma represented by the five largest Native American tribes in that state.
- Pacific Northwest + British Columbia, Canada
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Republic of Cascadia, Cascadian Independence Project
The South
- Pressure group: League of the South
- Political party: Southern Party
- Proposed state: Confederate States of America
- See also: Neo-confederate movement
South Carolina
- Proposed state: Republic of South Carolina
- Pressure group: SC League of the South [64], Christian Exodus
.svg){kind=small}
- Southwestern United States
- Proposed state: Aztlan
- Pressure groups: Nation of Aztlán, MEChA, Raza Unida Party[65]
Texas
- Proposed state: Republic of Texas
- Pressure group: Texas Secession[66]
Vermont
- Proposed state: Green Mountain Republic of Vermont
- Pressure group: Second Vermont Republic[67]
Central America and Caribbean
edit
Nevis
- Political party: Concerned Citizens' Movement, Nevis Reformation Party
- Tobago
- Political party: Democratic Action Congress
United Kingdom (Caribbean)
edit
Montserrat
- Political parties: New People's Liberation Movement, United National Front
Turks and Caicos Islands
United States (Caribbean)
edit
Puerto Rico
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
- Pressure group: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Pro-Independence Universitarian Federation (FUPI), Union of Socialist Youth (UJS), Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS), National Congress for the Descolonizations (CONADE)
- Rebel organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)
- Political party: Caribbean Virgin Islands Independence Party and the Union of Virgin Islands Party
South America
edit
Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)
- Proposed state: Mapuche Nation[68]
.svg){kind=small}
Rio-Grandense Republic
- Pressure Group: Movimento Pampa Livre (Free Pampa Movement)
- Status: Looking for separate the Rio Grande do Sul State from Brazil, restoring the Rio-Grandense Republic independence. [69]
Southern Region
- Pressure group: O Sul é Meu País movement ("The south is my country")
- Status: Group looking for independence of the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.[70]
State of São Paulo
- Pressure group: Movimento São Paulo Independente
- Status: Website says that São Paulo could be viable as an independent state. No evidence of any popular support.[71]
- Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)[68]
Aymara (politically divided between Bolivia, Chile and Peru; see respective entries)
- Pressure group: Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army
- Proposed state: Collasuyu
Oceania
edit- Australian Aborigines (Main article: Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: Aboriginal Tent Embassy
Rapa Nui (Easter island)[citation needed]
.svg){kind=small}
French Polynesia
- Political party: Tavini Huiraatira
File:NC Caldoche.gifNew Caledonia
- Political party: Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front, Rassemblement UMP, Avenir Ensemble
- Proposed state: Kanaky
South Island
- Main article: South Island Independence
- Political parties: South Island Party (2008) (doubtful whether 'active')
- Pressure groups: Cut the Cable, South Island First, Zealandia Independence Project
- Proposed state: South Zealand, Zealandia
Cook Islands
Niue
Tokelau
.svg){kind=small}
Bougainville (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Bougainville Revolutionary Army[73]
United States (Oceania)
edit
Guam
- Pressure movement: Chamoru Nation, Organization of People for Indigenous Rights[74]
- Local Self-Government: Guam Commission on Self-Determination, now known as the Commission on Decolonization
Hawaii
- Pressure movement: Hawaiian sovereignty movement
- Political party: Nation of Hawai‘i and other nationalist groups attempting to reassert the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. The Kingdom of Hawai‘i was internationally recognized as an independent country until the Republic of Hawaii was recognized in its place in 1894.
Northern Marianas
- Pressure Movement: Taotao Tano
- Malekula
- Proposed state: N'Makiaute
- Northern islands
- Proposed state: Federation Na Griamel
Groups currently designated as Foreign Terrorist Organizations
edit- Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) (International, Palestinian)
- Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) (Philippines)
- Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (Palestinian)
- Al-Shabaab (Somalia)
- Ansar al-Islam (Iraqi Kurdistan)
- Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria)
- Asbat an-Ansar (Lebanon)
- Aum Shinrikyo (Japan)
- Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, France)
- Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA) (Philippines)
- Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) (Northern Ireland)
- Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Egypt)
- HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) (Palestinian)
- Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B) (Bangladesh)
- Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) (Pakistan)
- Hizballah (Party of God) (Lebanon)
- Hizbul Islam (Somalia)
- Islamic Jihad Group (Palestinian)
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) (Uzbekistan)
- Jaish-e-Mohammed (Army of Mohammed) (JEM) (Pakistan)
- Jemaah Islamiya organization (JI) (South East Asia)
- al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) (Egypt)
- Kahane Chai (Kach) (Israel)
- Kongra-Gel (formerly Kurdistan Workers' Party) (KGK, formerly PKK, KADEK, Kongra-Gel) (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria)
- Lashkar-e Tayyiba (Army of the Righteous) (LT) (Muridke, Pakistan)
- Lashkar i Jhangvi (Pakistan)
- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Sri Lanka)
- Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) (Libya)
- Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) (Morocco)
- Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK) (Iran)
- National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia)
- Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Palestinian)
- Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) (Palestinian)
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Palestinian)
- PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC) (Palestinian)
- Tanzim Qa'idat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (QJBR) (al-Qaida in Iraq) (formerly Jama'at al-Tawhid wa'al-Jihad, JTJ, al-Zarqawi Network) (Iraq)
- al-Qa’ida (Global)
- al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (formerly GSPC) (The Maghreb)
- Real IRA (Northern Ireland)
- Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Colombia)
- Revolutionary Nuclei (formerly ELA) (Greece)
- Revolutionary Organization 17 November (Greece)
- Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) (Turkey)
- Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL) (Peru)
- United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) (Colombia)
- ^ Adam Shatz (2003-06-08). "The other intifada" (PDF). Berberworld.com, republished article from Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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- ^ Gilbert da Costa (2006-07-07). "Bakassi Region Residents Protest Handover of Region to Cameroon". Voice of America. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Southern Cameroons National Council plans street protests to have activists freed". The Post News. 2005-11-27. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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{{cite web}}: Text "US Department of State" ignored (help) - ^ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 472. ISBN 0313323844.
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- ^ "'Ek is wit en trots daarop'". Mail & Guardian. 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Assessment for Lozi in Zambia". Minorities at Risk. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b "Roots of the Conflict". El Gringo. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "Nagorno Karabagh Republic: History and Current Reality". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous People: Adivasis". Minority Rights Group International. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ^ Ali, M. Emran and Toshiyuki Tsuchiya. "Land Rights of the Indigenous People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh". Center for World Indigenous Studies. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ^ "HONG KONG: Websites come under attack for pushing independence". Asia Pacific Media Network. 2005-02-07. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
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- ^ "Speech of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the European Parliament, Strasbourg". The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2001-10-14. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
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- ^ Luis Pereira and Jose Ho (2005-09-26). "Strong turnout in Macau legislative poll". The Standard - Hong Kong. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
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- ^ "Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA)". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "People's Liberation Front of Meghalaya (PLF-M)". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ Aparna Pallavi (2006-02-28). "Gonds nourish aspirations at annual fair". India Together. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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- ^ "India - Terrorist, insurgent and extremist groups". South Asia Terrorist Portal. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "The Final Countdown". Sri Lanka Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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- ^ Pike, John (2004-05-21). "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
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- ^ "Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan". Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ^ John Stanton (2007-03-30). "Turmoil in Pakistan: Baloch vow fight for independence". Online Journal. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
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- ^ Maxmilián Strmiska. "Rise and Fall of Moravian Regionalist Parties". The International Institute of Political Science. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ a b c "National Minorities of Finland, The Sámi". Virtual Finland. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Free Maine!". Free Maine!. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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- ^ "Illegal Mexican Immigration Invasion - Nation of Aztlan Act of War". Alpine Survival Group. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
- ^ "Texas Secession - Left, Right and Center agree! US Empire set us free!!!". Texas Secession. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ "Second Vermont Republic". Second Vermont Republic. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ a b "Mapuche Nation". Mapuche Nation. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
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- ^ Australia has designated the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas, as a terrorist organization.
- ^ The United Kingdom has designated the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas, as a terrorist organization.
- ^ Australia has designated the Hizballah External Security Organisation as a terrorist organization.
- ^ The UK has designated the military wing of Hizballah as a terrorist organization.
- ^ The European Union has also designated 'Cellula Contro Capitale, Carcere i suoi Carcerieri e le sue Celle', 'Solidarietà Internazionale', 'Cooperativa Artigiana Fuoco ed Affini — Occasionalmente Spettacolare' and the 'July 20 Brigade' as terrorist organizations, all supposedly linked to the Informal Anarchist Federation. See http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/sala_stampa/interview/Interventi/_sottosegretarioxprecedenti/intervista_233.html_2100293813.html
- ^ http://www.dfat.gov.au/icat/persons_entities/2_proscribed_entities_10dec2001.html
- ^ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:023:0037:01:EN:HTML
- ^ http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/109/article_77771.asp
- ^ http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/EG22Ag01.html
- ^ 'Shining Path' (Spanish: Sendero Luminoso) is the name given by Peruvian mass media and government sources to the Maoist Communist Party of Peru.
- ^ http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/EG22Ag01.html