| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine
| |
| Other names
1-[bis(triaz-1,2-dien-2-ium-l-yl)-1,3,5-trianzin-2-yl]triaza-1,2-dien-2-ium
| |
| Identifiers | |
| UNII | |
| Properties | |
| C3N12 | |
| Molar mass | 204.11298 |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Density | 1.24 |
| Melting point | 94ºC |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Cyanuric Triazide is a crystal structure that is used for controlled detonations. It is created by adding powdered cyanuric chloride to a solution of water and just over the equivalent amount of sodium azide. The solution is then slowly cooled and agitated. This forms small crystals of pure cyanuric triazide. Melting Point 94ºC but decomposes if heated above 100ºC. Insoluble in water, but is very soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ether and hot alcohol although only slightly soluble in cold alcohol. Decomposes when heated slowly but if heated quickly or exposed to a flame it will explode. [1]
History of Cyanuric Triazide edit
Cyanuric triazide was patented as a detonating explosive by Erwin Ott in 1921. It is prepared by adding powdered cyanuric chloride, slowly with cooling and agitation, to a water solution slightly more than the equivalent quantity of sodium azide. [2][3][4]
The Crystal Structure of Cyanuric Triazide edit
The structure for Cyanuric Triazide was proposed by T.C. Sutton and was based on very few X-Ray intensity measurements. Sutton proposed structure of cyanuric triazide, but was later found to be inaccurate. Sutton supported Dr. H. S. Gilchrist in finding a more concrete structure. It was found that there is a cyanuric ring that is a six-membered ring in which carbon and nitrogen occur alternately. The double bond may be an oscillating one as in benzene, where the atomic distances in the ring are found to be all equal. [5]
Cyanuric Triazide in Lead-Free Stab Detonators edit
Cyanuric trizaide is used a a replacement for Lead azide in detonators. It is called a "Green Energy" Detonator. Replacing the transfer charge will eliminate the rest of the lead in the detonator. It must be sensitive enough for detonation transfer and be powerful enough to cause high order reaction of output charge, which makes Cyanuric triazide a great replacement. In future tests, the people that are working on this experiment are wanting to optimize the particle size of cyanuric triazide in the detonators. [6]
Cyanuric Triazide in Experiments edit
The best results of Cyanuric Triazide are secured if pure and finely powdered cyanuric chloride is used. It may decompose completely without detonation if it is heated slowly, but it detonates immediately from flame or from sudden heating. The melted material dissolves TNT and other aromatic nitro compounds. Small crystals of cyanuric triazide are more sensitive than small crystals of mercury fulminate, and have exploded while being pressed into a detonator capsule. Large crystals from fusion or from recrystallization have detonated when broken by the pressure of a rubber policeman. [7] Also, when using a nitrogen-rich C3N12 solid, it can be transformed by cyanuric triazide, under high pressure and temperature. The transformation mechanism is mainly governed by azide-tetrazole chain-ring tautomerism leading to the sp2 to sp3 orbital activation of all carbon atoms. [8] The molecule of Cyanuric triazide can be produced by the reaction of sodium azide and cyanuric chloride in aqueous acetone solution. [9]
References: edit
- ^ "The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives". Tenney L. Davis,PH.D. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives". Tenney L. Davis,PH.D. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ . doi:10.1002/cber.19210540202.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://www.google.com/patents/US1390378.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ [http:// http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/96251?uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101149696493 "The Crystal Structures of Cyanuric Triazide"]. I. Ellie Knaggs. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "Performance Testing of Lead-Free Stab
Detonators". Neha Mehta (RDECOM, Chemical Engineer).
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help); Text "www.dtic.mil/ndia/2006fuze/mehta.pdf" ignored (help); line feed character in|title=at position 39 (help) - ^ "The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives". Tenney L. Davis,PH.D. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ "A nitrogen-rich C3N12 solid transformed from cyanuric triazide under high pressure and temperature" (PDF). Anguang Hu and Fan Zhang. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
- ^ "Synthesis and Properties of Some Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives" (PDF). M. S. Chang and A. J. Matuszko. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
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