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Sources on labour law.
Context edit
Enforcement and internationalisation edit
- Enforcement
- International context
- America
- Sherman Act of 1890 and Loewe v. Lawlor, 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
- Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, labour is not a commodity
- Norris – La Guardia Act of 1932
- National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner), protecting the right to organise and collectively bargain
- Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, minimum wage and overtime
- Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, no secondary action, closed shop, enforceable collective agreements
- Employment Act of 1946
- Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, union elections, fiduciary duties of leaders
- Equal Pay Act of 1963
- Civil Rights Act of 1964, dealing with race, colour, religion, sex and national origin
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
- Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, health and safety and whistleblowing
- Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, private pension minimum standards and fiduciary duties
- Federal Labor Relations Act of 1978, allowing public sector unions
- Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978
- Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, giving limited protection for immigrant status
- Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
- Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, 12 weeks unpaid parental leave after 12 months work over 50 employees
- Employment Non-Discrimination Act, proposed legislation to outlaw orientation and gender identity discrimination.
Fundamental individual rights edit
- History
- Equal Pay Act of 1963
- Civil Rights Act of 1964, dealing with race, colour, religion, sex and national origin
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
- Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, giving limited protection for immigrant status
- Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
- Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, protecting rights to leave in the event of pregnancy
- Employment Non-Discrimination Act, proposed legislation to outlaw orientation and gender identity discrimination.
- Equal Opportunities Commission v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2007] IRLR 327
- Equality Act 2010 ss 4-26 (Part 2), ss 37-80 (Part 5),
Equality framework edit
- Direct discrimination
- EA 2010 s 13
- Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [1999] IRLR 572
- Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] IRLR 285
- Indirect discrimination
- EA 2010 s 19
- SDA s 1(2)(b), RRA s 1(1A), SOR r 3(1)(b), RBR r 3(1)(b), ADR r 3(1)(b)
- Bilka Kaufhaus GmbH v Weber von Hartz [1986] ECR 1607
- Harassment
- EA 2010 s 25
- SDA s 4A, RRA s 3A, SOR r 5(1)-(2), RBR r 5(1)-(2), ADR 6(1)-(2), DDA s 3B
- Strathclyde Regional Council v Porcelli [1986] ICR 564
- Driskel v Peninsula Business Services Limited [2000] IRLR 151
- Tower Boot Co Limited v Jones [1997] ICR 254
- Burton and RUle v DeVere Hotels [1997] ICR 1
- Pearce v Governing Body of Mayfield School [2003] IRLR 512
- Victimisation
- EA 2010 s 26
- Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police v Khan [2001] IRLR 830
- Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc [2009] ICR 439
Equality by status edit
- Agency work
- O’Kelly v Trusthouse Forte plc [1984] QB 90
- Nethermere (St Neots) Ltd v Gardiner [1984] ICR 612
- Carmichael v National Power plc [1999] 1 WLR 2042
- Byrne Bros (Formwork) Ltd v Baird [2002] ICR 667
- Redrow Homes (Yorkshire) Ltd v Wright [2004] 3 All ER 98
- Buchan and Ivey v Secretary of State for Employment [1997] IRLR 80
- Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Bottrill [1999] ICR 592
- Dacas v Brook Street Bureau (UK) Ltd [2004] IRLR 358
- Laugher v Pointer (1826) 5 B&C 547
- Viasystems (Tyneside) Ltd v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Ltd [2006] ICR 327
- Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978
- The Aramis
- Cairns v Visteon UK Ltd [2007] ICR 616
- Muscat v Cable & Wireless plc [2006] ICR 975
- James v Greenwich Borough Council [2007] ICR 577, [2008] EWCA Civ 35
- McMeechan v Secretary of State for Employment [1997] ICR 549
- Astbury v Gist Ltd [2007] UKEAT 0619/2803
- Astbury v Bentley Motors (2007) UKEATPA/1844/06/DA
- Fixed term
- Part time
- Part Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000, SI 2000/1551
- Home Office v Holmes [1984] IRLR 299, EAT
- London Underground v Edwards (No 2) [1997] IRLR 157, EAT
- Matthews v Kent & Medway Towns Fire Authority [2006] IRLR 367
- McMenemy v Capital Business Ltd [2007] IRLR 400
- Sharma v Manchester City Council [2008] IRLR 336
- A McColgan, 'Missing the point? The Part Time Workers Regulations 2000' (2000) 29 ILJ 260
- Union membership
- Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants v Osborne [1910] AC 87, Lords Shaw and James said trade union support for MPs was ‘unconstitutional and illegal’. Reversed in 1913.
- Article 11 ECHR
- Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998
- O'Kelly v Trusthouse Forte plc
- Wilson and Palmer v United Kingdom
- TULRCA 1992 ss 137-177
Equality by gender edit
- Sex discrimination
- EA 2010 s 11
- SDA s 4A, RRA s 3A, SOR r 5(1)-(2), RBR r 5(1)-(2), ADR 6(1)-(2), DDA s 3B
- Strathclyde Regional Council v Porcelli [1986] ICR 564
- Driskel v Peninsula Business Services Limited [2000] IRLR 151
- Tower Boot Co Limited v Jones [1997] ICR 254
- Burton and RUle v DeVere Hotels [1997] ICR 1
- Pearce v Governing Body of Mayfield School [2003] IRLR 512
- Porcelli v Strathclyde Regional Council [1986] ICR 564
- Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd [1993] ICR 175, pregnancy
- Smith v Safeway plc [1996] ICR 868, dress code
- Department of Work and Pensions v Thompson [2004] IRLR 348, dress codes
- Equal pay
- Equal Pay Act 1970
- Macarthys v Smith
- Lawrence v Regent Office Care Ltd [2000] IRLR 608, CA
- Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board [1987] 1 AC 214, HL
- Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority [1993] ECR I-5535, ECJ
- Strathclyde Regional Council v Wallace [1998] ICR 205, HL
- Glasgow City Council v Marshall [2000] ICR 196
- Sharp v Caledonia Group Services Limited [2006] IRLR 4, EAT
- Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc [2006] IRLR 437
- Cadman v Health and Safety Executive [2006] ECR I-9583, ECJ
- Orientation
- Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/1161
- Grant v South West Trains [1998] ECR I-0621
- Smith v Gardner Merchant [1998] IRLR 510
- Lustig-Prean v United Kingdom (2000) 29 ECHR 548
- Pearce v Mayfield Secondary School Governing Body and Advocate General for Scotland v MacDonald[2003] UKHL 34
- R (Amicus) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2004] EWHC 860 (Admin)
- English v Sanderson Blinds Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1421
Equality by background edit
- Race
- Mandla v Dowell-Lee [1983] 2 AC 548
- Weathersfield Ltd v Sargeant [1999] IRLR 94
- Redfearn v Serco Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 659
- Religion
- Ahmad v United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 126
- McClintock v Department of Constitutional Affairs [2008] IRLR 29
- R (Playfoot) v Millais School Governing Body [2007] EWHC 1698 (Admin)
- Stedman v United Kingdom (1997) 23 EHRR CD 168
- Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 932
- R v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2005] 2 All ER 396, HL
- Azmi v Kirklees MBC [2007] IRLR 29, EAT
Equality by capacity edit
- Age?
- R (Carson and Reynolds) v SS for Work and Pensions [2005] UKHL 37
- Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA (C-411/05) [2007] IRLR 989
- Mangold v Helm [2005] ECR I-9981, ECJ
- R (Age Concern England) v Secretary of State for Business [2009] ICR 1080, [2009] IRLR 373 (C-388/07 and AG Mazak's opinion)
- Disability
- Chacon Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA (C-13/05) [2007] All ER (EC) 59
- Clark v TDG Ltd (t/a Novacold Ltd) [1999] IRLR 318
- Coleman v Attridge Law (C-303/06 and AG Opinion, [2007] IRLR 88
- Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 144
- Jones v Post Office [2001] IRLR 384
- Paul v National Probation Service [2004] IRLR 190