Drawings of Paul Holy Track, Philip Ireland, and Alec Coudotte, in 1897
On November 14, 1897, three Native American men—Alec Coudotte, Philip Ireland, and Paul Holy Track—were lynched.
Lynching edit
Because they were held in Bismarck, North Dakota, two men were spared from the mob: Frank Blackhawk and George Defender.[1]
The murder of Coudotte, Ireland, and Holy Track was the only multiple lynching in North Dakota history.[1] They were lynched in Williamsport, North Dakota, then the seat of Emmons County, just across the Missouri River from the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. [1]
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ a b c Vyzralek 1990, p. 23.
Bibliography edit
- Beidler, Peter G. (2014). Murdering Indians: A documentary history of the 1897 killings that inspired Louise Erdrich's The Plague of Doves. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786475643.
- Vyzralek, Frank E. (1990). "Murder in masquerade: A commentary on lynching and mob violence in North Dakota's past, 1882-1931". North Dakota History. 57 (1, Winter).