German words are impressively long, so it makes sense to shorten them a bit. But some of the language's shortest words get the same treatment. You'll sometimes find the conjunction "und" (and) shortened to "u." DW3

  • Abbreviation: German written abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud.
  • Acronym: many of these have been adopted from English, such as Laser and NATO.
  • Silbenwort, or "syllable word", an especially German method of abbreviating which combines the first 2 (sometimes 3) letters of a phrase into a single word. Many have become words on their own merit, and a number have made it into english usage, suach as Gestapo.
  • Initialization: Because words for government agencies and organizations tend to be very long, initialization is commonplace.

Keys edit

Key Source Dates Type Citation
L Langenscheidt's Compact German Dictionary 1993, 2003 Reference work [1]
Da Dartmouth College Department of German 2019 academic website [2]
DW Deutsche Welle 2015, 2020 Public broadcaster [3][4][5]
T ThoughtCo, via Dotdash 2020 Listicle [6]
F FluentU, based on abkuerzungen.de[1] 2018 Blog [7]

Common Written Abbreviations edit

This is a selection of the most common written abbreviations and symbols in German, with the primary reference from Langenscheidt and additional, more current sources indicating the degree of popularity. German abbreviations are pronounced just like the full word or phrase when read aloud. Measurements are normally reduced to initials, written in lowercase, and without punctuation. Measurements of capacity in cooking can be uppercase.[2]

Abbreviation German English Equivalent Notes Sources
Ø Durchschnitt average [8]
Euro Euro T
* geboren (geb.) born T
gestorben died T
am. amerikanisch American adjective L, T
amtl. amtlich official L, T
Anh. Anhang appendix L, T
Ank. Ankunft arrival L, T
Anl. Anlage enclosure L, T
Anm. Anmerkung note L, T
anschl. anschließend following L
a.o. außerordenticher Professor Associate professor L
App. Apartment/Wohnung apartment accommodations/real estate L, T, F
App. Apparat extension telephone L
a.Rh. am Rhein on the Rhine in place names L, T
Art. Artikel article L
Aufl. Auflage edition books L, T
Ausg. Ausgabe copy books L
AW Antwort Re:, in reply email T
B Bundesstraße Federal highway German and Austrian national highways L
b. bei at, with, near, c/o L, T
Bd., Bde. Band, Bände volume(s) books L, T
beil. beiliegend enclosed L, T
bes. besonders especially L, T
bspw. beispeilweise for example Da, F
Best.-Nr. Bestellnummer order number L, T
Betr. Betreff Re:, regarding L, T
Bev. Bevolukerung pop., population L
Bez. Bezeichnung,

Bezirk

term, designation

district

L, T
Bhf. Bahnhof railroad station L, T
brit. britisch British as an adjective L
b.w. bitte wenden please turn over common way to close an email message to friends L, T, F
bzgl. bezüglich with reference to relating to, regarding L, T
bzw. beziehungsweise respectively meaning varies in context, can also be: and/or, but, rather, alternatively, more specifically L, Da, DW, T, F
ca. circa, ungefähr, etwa circa, about, approximately L, T
Chr. Christus Christ T
cm Zentimeter Centimetre L, Da
d.Ä. der Ältere senior, the elder, Sr. also see d.J. below L, T
dazw. dazwischen between F
desgl. desgleichen likewise, ditto F
dF, dtF deutsche Fassung German dubbed version film/movies T
dgl. dergleichen/desgleichen the like L, T, Da
d.h. das heißt i.e., that is L, T
d.i. das ist i.e., that is L
Di Dienstag Tuesday date/time L, T
Dipl. Diplom Diplom an academic degree in the German-speaking countries L
Dipl.-Ing. Diplom-Ingenieur Engineer, M.S. L, T
Dipl.-Kfm. Diplom-Kaufmann Master of Business Administration T
Dir. Direktion administrative office T
Dir. Direktor administrator, manager, principal L, T
Dir. Dirigent conductor of music T
d.J. der Jüngere junior, the younger, Jr. also see d.Ä. above L, T
d.M. Dieses Monats of this month L, F
d.O. die (das) Obige the above-mentioned L
d.o. dito ditto L, F
Do Donnerstag Thursday date/time L, T
Dr. Doktor Doctor L
Dr. med. Doktor der Medizin M.D., Medical Doctor L, T
Dr. phil. Doktor der Philosophie Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy L, T
Dr. sc. nat. Doktor der Naturwissenschaften Sc. D., Doctor of Science L
dt. deutsch German as an adjective L, T
Dtzd. Dutzend dozen L, T
e.h. ehrenhalber hon., honorary degree, etc. L, T
ehem. ehemals/ehemalig formerly/former L, T
eigtl. eigentlich actually, really L, T
einschl. einschließlich including, inclusive L, T
engl. englisch English as an adjective L
EL Esslöffel tpsp., tablespoon in recipes T, Da
E-Literatur erhobene Literatur serious literature T
E-Musik erhobene Musik Classical music T
entspr. entsprechend corresponding, accordingly L, T
erb. erbaut built, erected L, T
Erw. Erwachsene adults L, T
erw. erweitert expanded, extended T
ev. evangelisch Protestant L, T
e.V. eingetragener Verein registered organization

not-for-profit organization

Da, L, T
evtl. eventuell perhaps, possibly note this does not mean "eventually" Da, L, T
e.Wz. eingetragenes Warenzeichen Registered Trademark T
exkl. exklusive excluding, exclusive of L, T
f. für for DW
f./ff. folgede Seite(n) and following page(s) L, F
Fa. Firma company, firm L, T
Fam. Familie family L, T
FdH Friss die Hälfte Eating half Popular German dieting practice which recommends eating only half of what you'd usually ingest during a typical day DW
F.f., Forts. f. Fortsetzung folgt to be continued L, T
Ffm. Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt T
FKK Freikörperkultur Free Body Culture nudist movement with a long history in Germany L, DW
Fr Freitag Friday date/time L, T, DW
Fr. Frau Mrs./Ms. L, T, DW
fr. frei free DW
Frl. Fräulein Miss In modern usage any German woman age 18 or above is addressed as Frau, whether married or not. L, T
Frfr. Freifrau Baroness DW
frz. französisch French as an adjective L, T
g Gramm gram, grams L, T
geb. geboren, geborene born, née L, T, Da, F
Gebr. Gebrüder Bros., brothers L, T
gedr. gedruckt printed T
gegr. gegründet established, founded L, T
gek. gekürzt abridged of books L, T
Ges. Gesellschaft association, company, society L, T
gesch. geschieden divorced L, T, DW
geschl. geschlossen closed DW
geschr. geschrieben written DW
ges.gesch. gesetzlich geschützt patented L, DW
gest. gestorben died, deceased L, T
gez. gezeichnet signed L, T
ggf./ggfs. gegebenfalls if applicable, if required L, T, Da
GmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Limited liability company GesmbH in Austria L, T
gGmbH gemeinnützige GmbH Nonprofit organization L
ha Hektar Hectare L, T
Hbf. Hauptbahnhof Central railway station L, T
hpts. hauptsächlich mainly T
Hptst. Hauptstadt capital city T
Hr./Hrn. Herr/Herrn Mister L, T
Hrsg. Herausgeber editor, edited by L, T
i.A. im Auftrag per, as per often at the bottom of an official letter when somebody signs on behalf of somebody else L, T
i.b. im besonderen in particular L, T
i.B. im Breisgau in Breisgau used in place names T
IC Intercityzug InterCity train T
ICE Intercity-Expresszug Intercity Express T
i.D. im Durchschnitt on average L, F
i.H. im Hause in-house, on the premises T
i.J. im Jahre in the year L, T
Ing. Ingnieur engineer title L, T
Inh. Inhaber owner, proprietor L, T
Inh. Inhalt contents books L, T
inkl. inklusive including, inclusive of L, T
i.R. im Ruhestand ret., retired L, T
i.V. in Vertretung by proxy, on behalf of T
i.V. in Vorbereitung in preparation T
i.V. im Vorjahr in the previous year L, T
inzw. inzwischen in the meantime F
jew. jeweils each, each of, each time
Jh. Jahrhundert century L, T, F
JH Jugendherberge youth hostel T
jhrl. jährlich annual(ly), yearly date/time L, T
JWD janz weit draussen way out there Berliner dialect for "in the middle of nowhere" DW
k.A. keine Angage not rated film/movies T
Kap. Kapitel chapter L, T
kath. katholisch Catholic adjective L, T
Kfm. Kaufmann merchant, businessman, dealer, agent L, T
kfm. kaufmännisch commercial L, T
Kfz Kraftfahrzeug motor vehicle L, T
kg Kilogramm kilogram L, F
kgl. königlich royal L, T
Kl. Klasse class L, T
km Kilometer kilometer L, F
kompl. komplette complete F
kW Kilowatt kilowatt L, F
l Liter liter, litre L, T, Da
l. links left L, F
led. ledig unmarried L, F
LG Liebe Grüsse loving regards common way to close an email message to friends DW
LKW/Lkw Lastkraftwagen truck, lorry also used for Sport Utility Vehicle L, T
L.m.a.A Leck mich am Arsch kiss my ass Known as the Swabian salute, via Goethe and Mozart [9] DW
m Meter meter L, F
mm Millimeter millimeter L, F
MA Mittlealter Middle Ages L, T
m.a.W. mit anderen Worten in other words L, F
max. maximal maximum L
m.E. meines Erachtens in my opinion L, T, Da, F
MfG Mit freundlichen Grüßen with friendly regards for formal emails, the standard way of closing a German business letter DW, T, F
Mi Mittwoch Wednesday date/time L, T
Mil. Million(en) million(s) L
Mio. Million(en) million(s) L, T
m.M./m.M.n. meiner Meinung/meiner Meinung nach in my opinion F, DW
Mo Montag Monday date/time L, T
möbl. möbliert furnished accommodation/real estate L, T
Mrd. Milliarde(n) billion(s) L, T
Msp. Messerspitze "knife tip", a pinch of... recipes T
mtl. monatlich monthly date/time L, T
mdl. mündlich verbal L
m.ü.M. Meter über dem Meerespiegel meters aboev sea level L
m.W. meines Wissens as far as I know L, T, F
MwSt.,

Mw.-St.

Mehrwertsteuer VAT, Value-Added Tax In Switzerland, MWST L, T
N Nord(en) north compass point L, T
n. nach after L
näml. nämlich namely, viz., i.e. L, T
n.Chr. nach Christus AD, Anno Domini L, T, Da
n.J. nächsten Jahres next year L
NNO Nordnordost north-northeast compass point T
NNW Nordnordwest north-northwest C T
NO Nordosten northeast C L, T
nördl. nördlich northern L
norw. norwegisch Norwegian as an adjective L
Nr. Nummer No., number L, T
NS Nachschrift PS, postscript T
n.u.Z. nach unserer Zeitrechnung modern era T
NW Nordwest(en) northwest compass point L
O Ost(en) east compass point L, T, DW
o. oben above L, T, DW
o. oder or L, DW
o. ohne without L, DW
ö öffentlich public DW
o.A. ohne Altersbeschränkung approved for all ages film/movies T
o.a. oben angeführt above-metioned L
o.ä. oder ähnliche and the like L
o.B. ohne Befund negative results L
od. oder or L, T, Da
o.g. oben genannt above mentioned T
OmU Originalfassung mit Untertiteln original version with subtitles in film/movies T
OSO Ostsüdost east-southeast compass point T
O-Ton Originalton original soundtrack film/movies T
österr. österreichisch Austrian as an adjective L
p.Adr. per Adresse c/o, care of L, T
Pfd. Pfund lb., pound weight L, T
Pkt. Punkt point L, F
Pkw/PKW Personenkraftwagen automobile, car L, T
Pl. Platz square, plaza L, T
PLZ Postleitzahl postal code L, T
PS Pferdestärke horsepower L, T
qkm Quadratkilometer square kilometer obsolete, k2 is preferred L, T
qm Quadratmeter square meter obsolete, m2 is preferred L, T
r. rechts right L, T
RA Rechtsanwalt attorney, lawyer, barrister L, T
Reg.-Bez. Regierungbezirk admin. district L, T
R-Gespräch Retour-Gespräch collect call, reverse-charge call T
r.k., r.-k., röm.-kath. römisch-katholisch RC, Roman Catholic L, T
röm. römisch Roman adjective L, T
S Süd(en) south compass point L, T, DW
S. Seite p., page T, DW
s. sich oneself, yourself with reflexive verbs T
s. siehe see L, DW
s.a. siehe auch see also T, Da
Sa. Samstag Saturday date/time L, T
schles. schlesisch Silesian as an adjective T
schwäb. schwäbisch Swabian as an adjective T
schweiz. schweizerisch Swiss as an adjective L, T
sek. Sekunde second date/time F
SO Südost(en) south-east compass point L, DW
So Sonntag Sunday date/time T, DW
s.o. siehe oben see above L, T, DW
sog. so genannt so-called L, T, DW
St. Sankt saint L, T
St. Stück (per) piece L, T, F
Std. Stunde hour L, F
Str. Straße street, road L, F
StR. Studienrat tenured teacher T
s.u. siehe unten see below L, Da
südd. süddeutsch southern German adjective ?
SW, s/w schwarz/weiß black & white film/movies T
SW Südwest(en) southwest compass point L, T
SZ Schlafzimmer bedroom used in accommodations/real estate F
t Tonne(n) ton(s) L
tägl. täglich daily, per day L, F
Tel. Telefon telephone L, F
TL Teelöffel teaspoon in recipes F, Da
u. und and T, F, Da
U Umleitung detour L, T
u.a. und andere and others L, T
u.a. unter anderem among others L, T
u.Ä. und Ähnliches and the like L, T
u.ä. und ähnlich and similarly T
u.a.m. unter andere(s) mehr and more, etc. ?
u.A.w.g. um Antwort wird gebeten RSVP L, T
übl./üblw. üblich/üblicherweise usual F
usw. und so weiter and so on, etc. note punctuation L, T, Da, F
u.v.a.(m) und vieles andere (mehr) and many others T
u.U. unter Umständen in certain circumstances, possibly L, T, Da
u.zw. und zwar and so on L, F
V. Vers line, verse L, T
v. von of L
v.a. vor allem above all, especially Da
v.Chr. vor Christus BC, before Christ T, Da
Verf. Verfasser author L, T
verh. verheiratet married T, F
verw. verwitwet widowed L, T
VG Viele Grüsse many greetings casual signoff in email DW
vgl. vergleiche cf., compare, reference L, T, Da
v.H. vom Hundert percent, per 100 L, T
vorm. vormals formerly L, T
vorm. vormittags a.m., in the morning date/time L, T
v.R.w. von Rechts wegen by law L, T
v.T. vom Tausend per 1000 L, T
v.u.Z. vor unserer Zeitrechnung Before the Common Era BC L, T
W West(en) west compass point L, T
wstl. westlich western L
w.o. wie oben as above F
WSW Westsüdwest west-southwest compass point L, T
Wwe/Wwer Witwe/Witwer widow/widower F
Wz Warenzeichen Trademark L
Z. Zahl number L, T, DW
Z. Zeile line L, T, DW
z. zu, zum, zur at, to L, T, DW
z.B. zum Beispiel e.g., for example T, Da
z.Hd. zu Händen, zu Handen attn., attention of L, T
Zi. Zimmer room L, T
z.T. zum Teil partly, in part L, Da, F
Ztr. Zentner 100 kg L
zur. zurück back L, T
zus. zusammen together L, T
zzgl. zuzüglich plus, in addition T
z.Z./z.Zt. zur Zeit at present L, T, Da

Acronyms edit

An acronym is a type of abbreviation formed from the initial components of the words of a longer name or phrase,are made out of initials and pronounced as words. A number of acronyms are imported from English: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome); Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization); Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging); UNO (United Nations Organization).

Abbreviation German English Notes
DaF Deutsch als Fremdsprach German as a foreign language
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for for Standardization
Kripo Kriminalpolizei police crime unit, CID (Br.)
Laser
NATO
TÜV Technische Überwachungsverein The TÜV is responsible for product safety. German motorists must submit their cars to a "tuef inspection", and failing it means having no car to drive.

Silbenwort edit

A Silbenwort, or "syllable word", is the abbreviation of the determinant and the basic word of a word compound (compound) for a new lexeme (example: "Kriminalpolizei" = compound, "Kriminal -" = determinant, "-polizei" = basic word, "Kripo" = Short syllable word). [1] Syllable words belong to the short words (and according to Helmut Glück are classified as acronyms [2] ).

Contrary to what the term suggests, whole syllables of the original word do not necessarily have to be used for the syllable word. It can also be shortened syllables, for example in the case of Trafo for “transformer”, where only the first three letters of the first syllable “Trans-” are used.


KaDeWe Kaufhaus des Westens large Berlin dept. store (T and D)

Silben(kurz)wort Vollform/Kompositum mit Silbentrennung laut Fachliteratur
Jusos Jung|so|zia|lis|ten [10]
Kita Kin|der|ta|ges|stät|te bzw. Kin|der|ta|ges|ein|rich|tung [11][12]
Kripo Kri|mi|nal|po|li|zei [11] [10]
Schiri Schieds|rich|ter [11]
Stabi Staats|bib|lio|thek [10]
Trafo Trans|for|ma|tor [10] (mit Hinweis auf den Sonderfall des Präfix trans-)
Elko E|lekt|ro|lyt|kon|den|sa|tor [10]
Mofa Mo|to|ri|sier|tes Fahr|rad
Vokuhila Vor|ne kurz, hin|ten lang

DW2:

    • 2ZKB, Back in the days when people had to keep the number of characters in classified ads to a minimum, Germans became really creative in describing apartments. People still use abbreviations such as 2ZKB ("2 Zimmer mit Küche und Bad": 2 rooms with a kitchen and bathroom) on large pieces of paper. There are over 100 more abbreviations related to real estate.
    • Schnipo, Schnitzel and Pommes (French fries) is what you need, right now. Don't waste words on the project: Use the abbreviation "Schnipo." And if you're still thinking about calories, you can always order a "Schniposa" and you'll get a side of a salad — or at least a lettuce leaf and half a tomato, as pictured.
    • Oliba, Oberlippenbart, a mustache, literally "top lip beard"
    • Vokuhila, mullet
    • Waluliso, "Wasser-Luft-Licht-Sonne": water, air, light and sun. It was the pseudonym and motto of a Viennese peace activist whose eccentric style marked the city, and who didn't go unnoticed during state visits either, impressing Prince Charles and Lady Di or PLO chairman Yasser Arafat. Two years after his death in 1996, the Waluliso Bridge was created in an FKK area in Vienna, crossing the Danube River. https://www.dw.com/en/a-selection-of-10-creative-german-abbreviations/g-49185832


Initialisms edit

Acronyms pronounced as individual letters are rather than words are more specifically called initialisms. German initialisms listed here are most commonly relate to companies, government agencies, legal terms, organizations, s written without periods, pronounced by their letters, and retain the grammatical gender of their primary noun. [2]

Abbreviation German English Notes Ref
AA Anonyme Alkoholiker Alcoholics Anonymous Lang
AA Auswärtiges Amt Foreign Office, State Department DW
ADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club General German Auto Club largest auto club in Europe T
AfD Alternative für Deutschland Alternative for Germany political party
AG Aktiengesellschaft Joint-stock company
AGB die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen Terms and Conditions (of Use)
ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ARD broadcaster
AOK Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse public health insurance T
ASW außersinnliche Wahrnehmung Extrasensory Perception T
BBk Deutsche Bundesbank German Federal Bank [13]
BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch German Civil Code T
BGH Bundesgerichtshof Federal Constitutional Court
BIP Bruttoinlandsprodukt Gross Domestic Product
BKA Bundeskriminalamt Federal Criminal Police Office Germany's "FBI" T
BLZ Bankleitzahl Bank Code Number T
BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMF Bundesministerium der Finanzen Federal Ministry of Finance
BMG Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Federal Ministry of Health
BMI Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community
BMVg Bundesministerium der Verteidigung Federal Ministry of Defence
BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
BMVI Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke Bavarian Motor Works [14]
BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
BPOL Bundespolizei Federal Police
BR Bayrischer Rundfunk Bavarian Broadcasting [14]
BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland Federal Republic of Germany
C&A Clemens & August C&A popular clothing chain T
CDU Christlich-Demokratische Union Christian Democratic Union political party
CSU Christlich-Soziale Union Christian Social Union political party
CVJF Christlicher Verein Junger Frauen YWCA In Switzerland, the YWCA and YMCA merged in 1973 to form Cevi Schweitz T
CVJM Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen YMCA
CJK Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst German Academic Exchange Service
DAG Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft German Salaried Employees' Union Obsolete, now ver.di
DB Deutsche Bahn German Rail
DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik German Democratic Republic The former state of East Germany
DFB Deutscher Fußballbund German Football Association
DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund German Trade Union Confederation
DIHK Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung German Institute for Standard
DJH Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk German Youth Hostel Association
DKP Deutsche Kommunistische Partei German Communist Party
DM Deutsche Mark Deutsche Mark
DPD Deutscher Paketdienst German Package Service the German "UPS"
DRK Deutsches Rotes Kreuz German Red Cross
DT Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom
DVU Deutsche Volksunion German People's Union political pary
EEG Elektroenzephalografie Electroencephalography medicine/science/technology
EKG Elektrokardiogramm Electrocardiography medicine/science/technology
EU Europäische Union European Union [14]
EZB Europäische Zentralbank European Central Bank
FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Germany's "New York Times" T
FC Fußball Club Football Club
FCKW Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoff Chlorofluorocarbon medicine/science/technology
FDB Freie Demokratische Partei Free Democratic Party political party
FH Fachhochschule University of Applied Sciences
FKK Freikörperkultur Free body culture Naturism
FRA Frankfurter Flughafen Frankfurt Airport
FSK Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft Self-Regulatory Body of the Movie Industry The German motion picture content rating system
FU Freie Universität Berlin Free University of Berlin
GG Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany Constitution of Germany L
GEW Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft Education and Science Workers' Union Not T
GEZ Gebühreneinzugszentrale der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Contribution service of ARD, ZDF and Deutschlandradio Former German agency responsible for collecting mandatory fees for public TV and radio
GUS Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Commonwealth of Independent States
HH Hansestadt Hamburg Hamburg on license plates
HNO Hals Nase Ohren Ear, Nose and Throat medicine/science/technology
H+M Hennes & Mauritz H&M popular clothing chain
HTL, HTLA Höhere Technische Lehranstalt Technical school an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
HTBLA Höhere Technische Bundeslehranstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
HTBLuVA Höhere Technische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt Federal Higher Technical Institute for Education and Experimentation an engineering-focused secondary school in Austria not T
IFO Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Institute for Economic Research L
IHK Industrie- und Handelskammer Chamber of Industry and Commerce Regional, cross-industry associations
IOK Internationales Olympisches Komitee International Olympic Committee
IWF Internationale Währungsfonds International Monetary Fund
JH Jugendherberge Youth Hostel
JVA Justizvollzugsanstalt Prisons in Germany
KfzPflVV Kraftfahrzeug-Pflichtversicherungsverordnung Motor vehicle liability insurance legal DW
KG Kommanditgesellschaft Limited partnership
KKW Kernkraftwerk Nuclear power plant
KSZE Konferenz über Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
LG Landgericht District Court DW
MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst Military Counterintelligence Service Germany's "MI5"
MdB Mitglied des Bundestages Member of the Bundestag Member of Parliament
MdL Mitglied des Landtages Member of the Landtag Member of a State Legislature
MEZ Mitteleuropäische Zeit Central European Time
MP Maschinenpistole Machine gun
MP Militärpolizei Military police
MTA Medizinische(r) Technische(r) Assistent(in) Medical Technician
NN das Normalnull sea level
NOK Nationales Olympisches Komitee National Olympic Committee
NPD Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands National Democratic Party of Germany political party
NRW Nordrhein-Westfalen North Rhine-Westphalia German state
OB Oberbürgermeister Lord mayor
ÖBB Österreichische Bundesbahnen Austrian Federal Railways
OF Originalfassung original version film/movies T
OHG offene Handelsgesellschaft General partnership
ÖPNV öffentlicher Personennahverkehr Public transport
ORF Österreichischer Rundfunk Austrian Broadcasting Corporation broadcaster
ÖVP Österreichische Volkspartei Austrian People's Party political party
PDS Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus Party of Democratic Socialism political party
PH Pädagogische Hochschule School of Education
PIN Persönliche Identifikationsnummer Personal identification number medicine/science/technology
RBB Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting
RNS Ribonukleinsäure RNA medicine/science/technology
RTL Radio Télévision Luxembourg Radio Television Luxembourg broadcaster
SB Selbstbedienung Self-service SB-Laden, a self-service store
SB-Tankstelle, gas/petrol stations
SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen Swiss Federal Railways T
SPÖ Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs Social Democratic Party of Austria political party
SR Saarländischer Rundfunk Radio Saarland broadcaster T
SSV Sommerschlussverkauf end-of-summer sale
StGB Strafgesetzbuch German Penal Code legal T
StVO Straßenverkehrsordnung German Highway Code legal T
SWR Südwestrundfunk Southwest Broadcasting broadcaster T
TH Technische Hochschule Technical College
TU Technische Universität Technical University
UB Universitätsbibliothek University Library
UFO unidentifiziertes Flugobjekt Unidentified flying object
UKW Ultrakurzwellen FM, Very High Frequency medicine/science/technology
UNO Vereinte Nationen United Nations
VAE Vereinigte Arabische Emirate United Arab Emirates
VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology medicine/science/technology
VELKD Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche Deutschlands United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
VHS Volkshochschule Folk high school
WAA Wiederaufbereitungsanlage Nuclear reprocessing plant medicine/science/technology L
WDR Westdeutscher Rundfunk West German Radio broadcaster
WEZ Westeuropäische Zeit Western European Time
WG Wohngemeimschaft Co-living unrelated people sharing a flat, apartment, or house L
WM Weltmeisterschaft World championship L
WS Wintersemester Winter semester
WSV Winterschlussverkauf Winter sale
ZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen Second German Television Network broadcaster
KV Kassenärztliche Vereinigung
ZPO Zivilprozessordnung Civil procedure (divorce, etc.) legal

Internet Slang and Text edit

Denglisch Deutsch/Englisch mix of Deutsch (German) and Englisch (English) [15]

Like “leet speak,” German Chatsprache is littered with English as well as Deutsch, leading to the so-called Denglish combination. Sometimes it can’t hurt to trot out an English abbreviation (though it’s cheating, really!) like FTR (for the record) or RLY? (really?) and a few more you’ll find here


https://www.fluentu.com/blog/german/german-internet-slang/

https://www.germanpod101.com/blog/2019/07/23/german-text-slang/

Abbreviation German English Notes Ref O
8ung Achtung X
ads alles deine Schuld X
akla? alles klar? X
bb bis bald X
BD Bis dann 'til then
bda bis dann 'til then X
bidunowa? bist du noch wach? X
braduhi? brauchst du Hilfe? X
bs bis später X
dad denke an dich X
d der X
div danke im Voraus X
dubido du bist doof X
ff Fortsetzung folgt X
FG freches/fettes Grinsen big smile [15]
g grinsen smile
g&k gruẞ und Kuss
HDF Halt die/deine Fresse shut up [15]
IDA Ich Dich Auch Me too
ILD Ich liebe dich I love you
kA kein Ahnung no idea
kD kein Ding no problem
LG Liebe Grüβe loving regards [15]
LOL LOL LOL
PLZ Bitte please Denglisch
RL richtiges Leben real life [15]
SfH Schluss für Heute that's enough for today
SuFu SuchFunktion often used by admins who want to suggest to you that it’s better to use the search bar than to open an old subject again
Vlt. Vielleicht Maybe
WD wieder da I'm back again
WE Wochenende weekend
Y Warum Why

Symbols edit

Symbol German term and abbreviation English translation Notes Ref

German Medical Abbreviations edit

Key Source Dates Type Citation
B Beckers 2017 Dictionary [16]
CAD Caduceus 2016 Newsletter [17]
VUB MedineLingua 2020 Listicle [18]
Abbreviation German English Source
5JÜR Fünfjahresüberlebensrate 5 year survival rate B, V
AG Atemgeräusch respiratory sound(s) B, C, V
AHB Anschlussheilbehandlung follow-up treatment B, V
AK Aortenklappe aortic valve B, C
AK der Antikörper, die Antikörper (pl) antibody, antibodies B, V
ALL Akute Lymphatische Leukämie Acute lymphoblastic leukemia B, V
AML Akute Myeloische Leukämie Acute myeloid leukemia B, V
Amp. Ampulle ampule B, V
ANV Akute Nierenversagen acute kidney failure B, V
ap anterioposterior anterioposterior (imaging procedures) B, C
AP Anus praeter praeternatural anus B, C
AP Alkalische Phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase B, V
art. arteriell (z.B. arterielle Hypertonie) arterial (e.g., arterial hypertension) B, C, V
As, AS Abwehrspannung (meist Abdomen) guarding of (abdominal) muscles B, C
ASS Acetylsalicylsäue, Aspirin ASA, acetyl salicylic acid, Aspirin B, C
ASS Acetylsalicylsäure Acetyl salicilic acid B, V
AVK Arterielle Verschlußkrankheit artery disease B, V
AZ Allgemeinzustand general condition B, C, V
bakt.     Bakteriell bacteria B, V
BB Blutbild blood count B, V
BD Blutdruck BP, blood pressure B, C
bds. beiseits bilateral, on both sides B, C, V
BE Broteinheit (= ca. 12 g Kohlenhydrate) carbohydrate unit (about 12 g carbohydrates) B, C, V
BGA Blutgasanalyse blood gas analysis B, C, V
Bili Bilirubin bilirubin B, C, V
BSG Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit Sedimentation rate B, V
BtM Betäubungsmittel narcotics B, V
BWK Brustwirbelkörper Thoracic vertebrae B, V
BWS Brustwirbelsäule Thoracic spine B, V
BZ Blutzucker blood sugar B, C, V
C1 -C8 Zervikalsegment 1 -8 Cervical vertebrae 1-8 B, V
Ca Karzinom carcinoma B, V
Ca2+ Kalzium calcium B, V
CCT Kranielle Computertomogramm Cranial Computed Tomography B, V
CDT Chlostridium-difficile-Toxin Chlostridium difficile toxin B, C
CHE Cholecystektomie cholecystectomy B, C
Chol. Cholesterin cholesterol B, V
chron. chronisch chronic B, V
Cl- Chlorid chloride B, V
CLL Chronisch Lymphatische Leukämie Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B, V
CML Chronisch Myeloische Leukämie Chronic myelogenous leukemia B, V
CMV Zytomegalievirus Cytomegalovirus B, V
CRP C - reaktives Protein C-reactive protein B, V
CT Computertomogramm CT scan B, V
cvRF kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor cardiovascular risk factor B, C
CVI kardiovaskuläre Insuffizienz cardiovascular insufficiency B, C
CVI chronisch venöse Insuffizienz chronic venous insufficiency B, C, V
CVI zerebrovaskuläre Insuffizienz cerebrovascular insufficiency B, C
CVI zerebrovaskulärer Insult stroke B, C
DD, dd Differenzialdiagnose differential diagnosis B, C, V
DG Darmgeräusche bowel sounds B, C
Diab. mell. Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus B, V
Diagn. Diagnostik diagnostic B, V
Diff.-BB Differentialblutbild differential blood count B, V
DK Dauerkatheter indwelling catheter B, V
Dos. Dosierung dosage B, V
DPT Diphtherie/Pertussis/Tetanus DTP vaccine B, V
Ds, DS Druckschmerz pain to pressure B, C
E´lyte Elektrolyte Electrolyte B, V
Echo Echokardiogramm Echocardiogram B, V
EKG Elektrokardiogramm Electrocardiogram B, C, V
Erkr. Erkrankung illness B, V
Err. Erreger Pathogen B, V
Erw. Erwachsene adults B, V
Erys Erythrozyten Erythrocytes B, V
ess. essentiell (z.B. essentielle Hypertonie) essential (e.g., essential hypertension) B, C
EZ Ernährungszustand nutritional condition B, C, V
fil. Filiae (Tochtergeschwülste), Metastasen metastases B, C
FK frühere Krankheiten previous diseases B, C
geb. geboren born, DOB B, C
Gew. Gewicht weight B, V
GFR Glomeruläre Filtrationsrate Glomerular filtration rate B, V
Ggl. Ganglion Ganglion B, V
GH Wachstumshormom Growth hormone B, V
GIT Gastrointestinaltrakt Gastrointestinal tract B, V
GN Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis B, V
gyn. gynäkologisch gynecological B, V
HA Hausarzt, die Hausärztin family phsyician B, C, V
HA Hautausschlag exanthema B, C
HA Herzaktion heart beat B, C
Hb Hämoglobin Hemoglobin B, V
Hbs-Ag Hbs-Antigen HBsAg B, V
Hep. die Hepatitis Hepatitis B, V
HF Herzfrequenz heart rate B, C
HG Herzgeräusche heart murmurs B, C
Hkt. der Hämatokrit Hematocrit B, V
Hosp. Hospitalisierung hospitalization B, C
HSR, HS Harnsäure uric acid B, C, V
Hst., HS Harnstoff urea B, C
HT Herzton, Herztöne heart sound(s) B, C, V
HWI Harnwegsinfektion Urinary tract infection B, V
HWI Hinterwandinfarkt posterior infarction B, V
HWK Halswirbelkörper Cervical vertebrae B, V
HWS Halswirbelsäule Cervical Spine B, V
HZV Herzzeitvolumen cardiac output B, V
i.c. intracutan intracutaneously B, V
i.d.R. in der Regel usually B, V
i.m. intramuskulär intramuscular B, V
i.V. intravenös intravenous B, V
ICR Interkostalraum intercostal space B, V
IE Internationale Einheit International unit B, V
Ind. Indikation indication B, V
Inf. Infektion infection B, V
inkl. Inklusive inclusive B, V
Insuff. Insuffizienz insufficiency B, V
JK jetzige Krankheit history of present illness B, C
JL jetziges Leiden history of present illness B, C
JVP Jugularvenenpuls jugular vein pulse B, V
K+ Kalium Calcium B, V
KG Krankengymnastik Physiotherapy B, V
kg KG   kg Körpergewicht kilgrams bodyweight B, V
KH Kohlenhydrate Carbohydrate B, V
KHK koronare Herzkrankheit Coronary Heart Disease B, C, V
KI Kontraindikation contraindication B, V
KM Kontrastmittel contrast medium B, C
KM Knochenmark bone marrow B, V
KO Komplikation complication B, V
Kons. Konservativ conservative B, V
Konz. Konzentration concentration B, V
Kps. Kapsel capsule B, V
Krea, KREA Kreatinin/Creatinin creatinine B, C, V
KS Klopfschall percussion sound B, C
L1 - L5 Lumbalsegment 1 – 5 Lumbar vertebrae 1-5 B, V
LA Lokalanästhesie Local anesthesia B, V
Leukos Leukozyten Leukocyte B, V
Li. links left B, V
Lig. Ligamentum Ligament B, V
LJ./Lj. Lebensjahr age B, V
LK Lymphknoten Lymph node B, V
LL Leberlappen hepatic lobe B, C
LL Lungenlappen pulmonary lobe B, C
LP letzte Periode last menstruation B, C
LP Lumbalpunktion lumbar puncture B, C, V
Ltd. leitende(r); [Krankenhausarzt (= Chefarzt)] department head, chief physician B, C
LWK Lendenwirbelkörper Lumbar vertebrae B, V
LWS Lendenwirbelsäule Lumbar spine B, V
M., Mm. Musculus, die Musculi muscle, muscles B, V
Max. maximal maximum B, V
MCL Medioclavicularlinie medioclavicular line B, V
Mg2+ Magnesium magnesium B, V
mittelgr. mittelgradig moderate(ly) B, C
Mittl. mittlere middle age B, V
Mob., MOB Mobilisierung mobilization B, C
MS Multiple Sklerose Multiple sclerosis B, V
MSU Mittelstrahlurin midstream urine B, V
MÜZ mittlere Überlebenszeit Mean survival duration B, V
N., Nn.   Nervus, Nervi nerve, nerves B, V
n.t., nt nicht tastbar not palpable B, C
NAP Nervenaustrittspunkte nerve exit points B, C
neg. negativ negative B, V
NG Nebengeräusche (Herztöne) extracardiac murmurs B, C
NG Neugeborene newborn B, V
NNH Nasennebenhöhle Paranasal sinuses B, V
NNM Nebennierenmark   Adrenal medulla B, V
NSAR nicht steroidale Antirheumatika/- phlogistika Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug B, V
NW Nebenwirkungen side effects B, C, V
o.B. ohne Befund, ohne Besonderheit unremarkable, without findings B, C, V
o.p.B. ohne pathologischen Befund no pathological findings B, C
OA Oberarm upper arm B, C
OA Oberarzt senior (supervising) physician B, C
OGTT orale Glukosetoleranztest oral glucose tolerance test B, V
OP Operation Surgical operation B, V
OPB Operationsbericht surgical report B, C
OS Oberschenkel thigh B, C
Ös. Ösophagus Esophagus B, V
P Puls pulse B, C
p.i. post infectionem post infection B, V
P.m. Punctum maximum Point of maximal impulse B, V
Päd. Pädiatrie Pediatrics B, V
Pat. Patient patient B, V
pAVK periphere arterielle Verschlußkrankheit Peripheral artery disease B, V
PE Probeexzision biopsy B, C
PE Pulmonalembolie pulmonary embolism B, C
Pm Punctum maximum (eines Herztones) punctum maximum (of a heart sound) B, C
Pneu Pneumothorax pneumothorax B, C
pos. Positiv positive B, V
postop. postoperativ postoperative B, C, V
präop. präoperativ preoperative B, C, V
QF u. RB (Ribo) Querfinger unter dem Rippenbogen centimeters below the costal margin (1 QF is about 1.5 cm) B, C
RA Rheumatoide Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis B, V
respir. respiratorisch respiratory B, V
rezid. rezidivierend recurrent B, V
RF Rheumafaktor Rheumatoid factor B, V
RG, Rgs. Rasselgeräusche Crackles B, C, V
Röntgen X-ray B, V
Rp. Rezept prescription B, V
RR Blutdruck BP, blood pressure B, C, V
rückläufig regressive, subsiding B, C, V
s.o.B. sonst o.B. otherwise unremarkable B, C, V
serol. serologisch serologic B, V
Sgl. Säugling infant B, V
SKS sonorer Klopfschall sonorous percussion sound B, C
Sono Sonographie Sonogram B, V
SR Sinusrhythmus SR, sinus rhthm B, C
SSW Schwangerschaftswoche week of pregnancy B, V
St.n. Status nach history of, status post B, C
stdl., stdlich stündlich every hour B, C
T3, T4 Thyroxin (drei- oder vierfach jodiert) Thyroid hormones B, V
Tbc Tuberkulose Tuberculosis B, V
Tbl. Tablette tablet B, V
TEP Totalendoprothese Total endoprosthesis B, V
Ther., ther. Therapie, therapeutisch therapy, therapeutic B, V
Thrombos Thrombozyten Thrombocytes B, V
TM Tagesmenge daily amount B, C
Tr. der Traktus; der Tropfen tract; drops B, V
UA Unterarm forearm B, C
US Unterschenkel lower leg B, C
US Ultraschall Ultrasound B, C
V.a., Vd.a. Verdacht auf suspected B, C, V
VES Ventrikuläre Extrasystole Ventricular extrasystole B, V
Vit. Vitamin vitamin B, V
wh., wohnh. wohnhaft residing at B, C
WW Wechselwirkung interaction B, V
z.A. zum Ausschluss RO, r/o, rule out B, C
Z.n. Zustand nach history of, status post B, C, V
ZNS Zentralnervensystem Central nervous system B, V
ZVD Zentrale Venendruck Central venous pressure B, V
ZVK zentraler Venenkatheter Central venous catheter B, C, V

Historic edit

These are former government agencies and organizations from before unification no longer in common usage.

Init German English Notes Years Ref
AKB Alliierte Kommandantur Berlin Allied Kommandatura Berlin Allied governing body of post-war Berlin 1945-91
BGS Bundesgrenzschutz Federal Border Guard 1951-2005
DBP Deutsche Bundespost German Federal Post 1947-95
DSK Devisenschutzkommando Foreign Exchange Protection Commando SS unit in Belgium, France, Netherlands 1940-45
EG Europäische Gemeinschaft European Community Now the European Union 1993-2007
EK Eisernes Kreuz Iron Cross 1870-1945
EWG Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft European Economic Community Precursor of the European Community and European Union 1957-93
IM inoffizieller Mitarbeiter (der Stasi) "unoffical collaborator" who spied for the Stasi in East Germany
KZ Konzentrationslager Concentration camp Most commonly refers to usage in Nazi Germany 1933-45
LPG Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft Agricultural Production Cooperative Collective farm in the former East Germany 1948-90
LZB Landeszentralbank State Central Bank Independent regional state banks 1948-2003
NS Nationalsozialismus National Socialism NS forms a part of many Nazi-related acronyms, such as NSDAP and NS-Zeit 1920-45
NVA Nationale Volksarme National People's Army Armed forces of the former East Germany 1956-90
ORB Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg Eastern German Broadcasting Brandenburg Former public broadcaster 1991-2003
RAF Rote Armee Fraktion Red Army Faction Terrorist organization 1970s
RIAS Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor Radio in the American Sector 1946-93
SED Sozialistiche Einheitspartei Socialist Unity Party former East German political party T
SFB Sender Freies Berlin Radio Free Berlin In 2003 merged with the ORB to form Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg 1954-2003
SS, ᛋᛋ Schutzstaffel Schutzstaffel Nazi paramilitary organization 1925-45
UFA Universum-Film AG UFA GmbH German film studio 1917-45
UdSSR Union der Sowjetischen Sowjetrepubliken Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Soviet Union 1918-91
VEB Volkseigener Betrieb Publicly Owned Enterprise East Germany 1948-90
VPS Videoprogrammsystem Video Program System former German video recording system
WEU Westeuropäische Union Western European Union All functions transferred to the European Union 1954-2011

Historic Geneaological edit

Abbr
German
English
Ab.(e.) Abbau(e) Surface mine (the “e“ denotes plural); secondary settlement built outside the main town
a/d An der, auf der At the, on the, like “Cologne on the Rhine”
AG Amtsgericht Lower court, county court
AH Amtshauptmannschaft Government district
AK Armeekorps Army corps miliary
AktGes. Aktiengesellschaft Corporation (an “Aktie”=a share of stock)
ä.L. Ältere Linie Older line
AllGut Allodialgut Allodial estate
Altfath. Altkatholisch Old Catholic
Altluth. Altlutherisch Old Lutheran
Anh. Anhalt Former duchy
Ansdl. Ansiedlung Settlement
Anst., …anst. Anstalt, …anstalt Institute, institution (also as part of a word)
Arb. Arbeiter Laborer, worker
Art. Artillerie Artillery
Ausg. Ausgedinge Life estate
Ausg. Ausgaben Expenditures
B. Bezirk District or area
BA. Bezirksamt District office
Bad Bad Spa, mineral waters
Badanst. Badeanstalt Swimming baths, spa
Baptistenk. Baptistenkirche Baptist church
Bat. Bataillon Batallion (military)
Batt. Batterie Battery
Bay. Bayern Bavaria
BGrem. Bezirksgremiun District Council
Bgu, …bgb. Bergbau, …bergbau Mine, mining, also with other word … salt, coal, etc.
Bgw. Bergwerk Mine
Bhf. Bahnhof Railroad station
Bibl. Bibliothek Library
Bk. Bank Bank (financial institution)
BKdo. Bezirkskommando District command (military)
Blechw. Blechwerk Mealworks (tin, sheet metal)
B. Loth. Bezirk Lothringen District of Lothringen
Brandbg. Brandenburg Former province of Prussia
Brau. Brauerei Brewery
Braunschw. Braunschweig Former duchy
Brenn. Brennerei Distillery
Chauseeh. Chaußeehaus Toll house
D., Dr. Dorf, Dörfer Village, villages
Deutsch ref. Deutsch reformierte German Reformed religion
Dom. Domäne, dominium, domanial State-owned estate
DomA. Domäneamt Estate office in Mecklenburg
Drl. Darlehen Loan
...dt. …Distrikt …district
E Eisenbahnstation oder Haltestelle Railroad station or stop –
E Eisenbahnstation oder Haltestelle – mit Personen, und Güterverkehr mit Bahntelegraph Railroad station or stop – with passenger and goods traffic, and telegraph
EGt - mit Bahntelegraph - with telegraph
EPs - nur mit Personenverkehr - only with passenger traffic
E. Einwohner Inhabitants (population count)
Ein. Einöde Wilderness, lonely spot
Einn., einn. Einnahme oder einnehmerei Clerk's office such as taxes
Eis. Eisenbahn Train
Eisenhdl. Eisenhandel Iron trade
Elktr. Ort hat Elektrizitätsquelle Place has electric power source
Elktrw. Elektrizitätswerk Power plant
Els. Elsaß Alsace
Emaillierw. Emaillierwerks Enamel works
Erziehanst. Erziehungsanstalt Reform school
Esk. Eskadron Squadron
Etabl. Etablissement Establishment
Ev., Ev. Evangelisch, Evangelische Evangelical, Protestant (in Germany usually Lutheran)
Ev. Pfk. Evangelisch Pfarrkirche Protestant parish church
F Fernsprecher Telephone
F Fernsprecher und Telegraph Telephone and telegraph
Färb. Färberei Dye works
Fbr., fbr. Fabrik, fabrikation Factory, manufacturing plant
FG Forstgutsbezirk Forest land district
Fil. Filiale Branch
Fl. Flecken Country-town
Först. Försterei Forest ranger station (residence)
Försth. Försthaus Forester’s house
Franz. =ref. Französisch reformierte French Reformed religion (Protestant)
Fr. Früher Formerly
Frht. Freiheit Market-town (country-town)
Fürstt. Fürstentum Principality
G. Gericht Court
G. Gutsbezirk Land district
Garn. Garnison Garrison
Gasw. Gaswerk Gas works
GB. Gerichtsbezirk Court district
Gef. Gefängnis Jail
geh Gehörig Belonging (to)
Gem. Gemeinde Community (village)
Gen. General... General
Genoss. Genossenschaft Cooperative
Gerb. Gerberei Tannery
Ges. Gesellschaft Society
Getreidehdl. Getreidehandel Grain exchange
Gew., gew. Gewerbe, gewerblich(e) Trade, business, industry, industrial
Gieß Gießerei foundry
Gipsw. Gipswerk Gypsum factory
Glas. Glasswerks Glassworks
glehn. Gleichnamig of the same name
Gr... Groß Great (part of place name)
Gsth. Gast-, Wirtshaus, Krug Inn, pub, tavern, overnight lodging
Gtg. Gerichtstag Jurisdictional area of a court
Gut Gut Estate, farmstead
Gutsb. Gutsbezirk Manorial district
Gymn. Gymnasium Academically oriented high school
H., Hr. Haus, Häuser House, houses
...h ...haus, ...heim (as part of a work)-house, -home
ha. Hektar Hectare, 2,471 acres
Hann. Hannover Hanover, former province of Prussia
Hdl. Handel(s) Commerce, also business establishment
Heilanst. Heilanstalt Nursing home, sanitorium
Heilst. Heilstätte sanitorium
Herrsch. Herrschaft Manor, estate, domain
Hessen Hessen Hesse, a grand duchy
Hessen-N. Hessen-Nassau Former province of Prussia
Hf. Hafen Harbor, port
Hosp. Hospital Hospital
Holzhdl. Holzhandel Timber trade
Hpt Haupt… Main
HptSt. Haupt Stadt Capitol city
Hr. Häuser houses
Hrgr.(n) Häusergruppe (n) Group of houses
Hüttenw. Hüttenwerk Foundry
hzl. Herzoglich Of the duke (pertaining to the duke’s possession)
Hzt. (...hzt.) Herzogtum (…herzogtum) Duchy
Ind. Industrie Industry
Inf. Infanterie Infantry
Insp. Inspektion inspection
Inst. Institut Institute
J. Juden, Israelitisch, Israeliten Jews, Israelitic, Israelites
Jagdh. Jagdhaus Hunting lodge
i. L. Jüngere Linie Younger line
Int. (...int.) Intendantur (...intendantur) Office of the stewart of superintendant.
...k. ...kasse oder, ...kirche Bank, collecting agency, also -church
K. Kirche Church
Kalksteinbr. Kalksteinbruch Limestone quarry
Kalkw. Kalkwerk Lime works
Kam. Kammer Land register
Kap. Kapelle Chapel
Kat. Kataster Land register
kath., Kath. Katholisch, Katholiken Catholic
Kath. Pfk. Katholische Pfarrkirche Catholic parish church
Kav. Kavallerie Cavalry
Kdo. Kommando Command (post)
kgl. Königlich Royal
…khlbgb. …kohlenbergbau Coal mine
Kl Klein Little, small (part of place names)
Klbn. Kleinbahn Narrow-gauge railway
km. Kilometer 1,000 meters=3,280.8 ft. or 5/8 mile
Kol. Kolonie Colony (usually of small houses)
Koln. Kolonien colonies
Kom. Kommandantur Office and/or residence of commandant
Komm. Kommission commission
Kr. Kreis District
KredVer. Kredit-und (od) Vorschußverein Loan association
Krankenh. Krankenhaus Hospital
Kr.H Kreishauptmannschaft Government district (term used mainly in Sachsen)
KrSt. Kreisstadt Capitol of Kreis
Ksp. Kirschspiel Parish
Kt. Kanton County  (state)
L. Land(es) Land, belonging to land
L. Land State (like Baden or Lippe)
l. Links Left (directional)
LB. Landbezirk Rural district
Ldepl. Ladeplatz Loading place or dock
Ldkr. Landkreis Administrative district
Lederhdl. Lederhandel Leather trade
Lehngut, Lehnsgut Lehnsgut Estate of feudal lord, fief
Lehrersem. Lehrerseminar Teacher training college
LG. Landgericht Court (next higher court after Amtsger.)
LGem. Landgemeinde Rural community
LHerr(en)Sch. Landherr(en)schaft Possessions of the sovereign
LKr. Landkreis District
Loth. Lothringen Lorraine (Alsace-Lorraine)
LrA. Landratsamt Office of the landrat or county commissioner
Lw., lw. Landwirtschaft, …liche Farm, farming operation
m Meter über dem meer Meters above sea level
Mag. Magazin Storage room, warehouse
Masch. Maschine(n) Machine(s)
Mdg. Mündung Mouth, estuary
Meckl.-Schw. Mecklenburg-Schwerin Former grand duchy
Meckl.-Str. Mecklenburg-Strelitz Former grand duchy
Mettalw. Metallwaren hardware
Mil. Militär military
Mktfl. Marktflecken Small market-town
Mkt.Gk. Marktgerechtigkeit Market jurisdiction
Ml. (…ml.) Mühle (…mühle) Mill (or –mill as part of a word)
Molk. Molkerei Dairy
N. (n) Norden (nördlich), neben North, to the north, next to
...n. ...nebenstelle Branch
Neum. Neumark Eastern part of the province of Brandenburg
Nd… Nieder… Lower (as in Lower Saxony)
NO. (nö) Nordosten (nordöstlich) Northeast (northeasterly)
NW. (nw) Nordwestern (nordwestlich) Northwest (northwesterly)
NZA. Nebenzollamt Nranch custom office
O. (ö.) Osten (östlich) East (easterly)
O… Ober… Upper (as in Upper Silesia)
O. Ortschaft Inhabited place
OA. Oberamt Next higher authority after the Amt or (government) office, districts in Württemberg
OFörst. Oberförsterei Forest service administration office, head forester’s office
Oldenb. Oldenburg Former grand-duchy
OLG. Oberlandesgericht (in Prussia) highest court in Province
OPDir. Oberpostdirektion Higher postal authority
Ortsch. Ortschaft (inhabited) place
Ostpr. Ostpreußen East Prussia, Prussian province
P Postanstalt Post office
P Post und Fernsprecher Post office with telephone
P Post und Telegraph Post office with telegraph
P Post, Fernsprecher und Telegraph Post office with telephone and telegraph
Papierw. Papierwerk Paper mill
PDir. Postdirektion District postal authorities
Pf… Pfarr… Parish- (coupled with another word)
Pf. Pfarrei Parish
Pferdehdl. Pferdehandel Horse trade
Pfk. Pfarrkirche Parish church
Pomm. Pommern Pomerania
Pr., pr. Preußen (Preußisch), preußisch Prussia (German Confederation), Prussian
Präs. Präsidium Presidium
Prov. Provinz …(ial) Province (provincial)(state in Prussia)
Puderw. Puderwerks Powder works
Pw. Personenpostwagen oder autoverkehr Stage-coach or automobile traffic
Pz. (…dt.) Polizei (distrikt) Police (district)
R. Regierung(s) Government(al)
r. Rechts Right
Rangierbhf. Rangierbahnhof Railroad switch yard
RB. Regierungsbezirk Administrative district (term used mainly in Bavaria and Prussia)
RB. Raiffeisenbank Rural loan institution named after Raiffeisen, the founder
Realsch. Realschule Secondary school (high school)
Ref. Reformierte Reformed (church), Calvanist
Reg. Regiment Regiment (military)
ResidenzSt ResidenzSt Capitol city
Rg. Rittergut Landed estate
Rheinl. Rheinland, -provinz Rhineland, Rhine province, Prussian province.
Ritt. Ritterschaft(s) Knighthood, knightly
RittA. Ritteramt Estate office
S., St., Skt. Sankt Saint (St.) in connection with place names, churches and foundations
s. (a.) siehe (auch) See or look for (also) meaning look under a second reference
S. (s) Süden (südlich) South (southern)
Sa. Sachsen(Staat) Saxony, (state)
Sa.-A. Sachsen-Altenburg Saxony-Altenburg
Sa.-C.-G. Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha Saxony-Coburg-Gotha former duchy
Sägew. Sägewerk Sawmill
Sa.-M. Sachsen-Meiningen Saxony-Meiningen former duchy
Sa.-W.-E Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach former duchy
Sanat. Sanatorium Sanitorium
s. auch siehe auch See also
Sch.,…sch. Schule, …schule School, -school
Schaumb.-L. Schaumburg-Lippe Former principality
Schiff. Schiffahrt(s) Naval, maritime
Schl. Schleuse Sluice (lock)
Schlachth. Schlachthaus Slaughterhouse
Schles. Schlesien Silesia
Schlesw.-Holst. Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein; former province of Prussia
Schl Schloß Knight’s castle
Schuhm. Schuhmacherei Shoemaking
Schwarzb.-Rud. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, former principality
Schwarzb.-Sond. Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, former principality
SchwG. Schwurgericht Court with a jury
Sem. Seminar Seminary (not always religious)
Slg. Sammlung Collection
SO. (sö.) Südosten (südöstlich) Southeast, southeastern (-easterly)
Soz. Sozietät Society, (usually commercial) corporation
Spinn. Spinnerei Spinning factory
St. Stadt City (municipality)
Stahw. Stahlwerk Steelworks
Stat. Station Station
StdA. Standesamt Civil registrar’s office
StKr. Stadtkreis Area included in municipal administration district, as opposed to rural or county government which would be “Landkreis”
StPlan Stadt Plan City map
Strbn. (…verz.) Straßenbahn (…verzeichnis) Tramway (…register)
Strickw. Strickwerk Rope works
StTeil Stadtteil Part of a city, ward
St.Verz. Strassen Verzeichnis Street index
Syn. Synagoge Synagogue
T Post telegraph Telegraph office
Thür. Thüringen Thuringia
Thur. Wald. Thüringen Wald Thuringia Forest
u... und And
u... Unter... Under, but here pertaining to terrain or territory, like Unterfranken =Lower Franconia, as opposed to Oberfranken =Upper Franconia
usw. Und so weiter And so forth
Verw. Verwaltung Administration, government
VerwA. Verwaltungsamt Administrative office
Veihhdl. Veihhandel Livestock trade
Viehmärkt Viehmärkt Livestock market
Vw. Vorwerk Residence and/or farm of the administrator of a landed estate on an outlying tract of land
Waisenh. Waisenhaus Orphanage
Wasserw. Wasserwerk Waterworks
Weinhdl. Weinhandlung Wine shop, tavern
Westf. Westfalen Westphalia
Westpr. Westpreußen West Prussia
Wlr. Weiler Hamlet
Wp. Wohnplatz Residence
Württ. Württemberg Former kingdom
Zementw. Zementwerks Cement works
Zgl. Ziegelei Brick works, tile works
Zh. Zollhaus Custom house
Zigarrenfbr. Zigarrenfabrik Cigar factory
Zk. Zinken Outlying farm (hamlet)
zw. Zwischen Between
  1. ^ Türck, Gisela; Willmann, Helmut; Messinger, Heinz (2003) [1993]. Written at Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich. Langenscheidt's compact German dictionary : German-English, English-German (in German). New York: Langenscheidt. p. 703-712. ISBN 978-1-58573-351-4. OCLC 53921097.
  2. ^ a b c Foltinek, Selina; McGillen, Petra. "Abbreviations (Abkürzungen)". Dartmouth College Department of German Studies. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  3. ^ "Best German abbreviations from AA to z.Z. - 26.10.2015". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  4. ^ "A selection of 10 creative German abbreviations - 19.08.2020". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  5. ^ "German abbreviations: A love-hate relationship - 19.08.2020". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  6. ^ Flippo, Hyde (2020-02-26). "A German-English Glossary of Popular German Abbreviations". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  7. ^ Henderson, Rebecca (2018-05-02). "z.B., Here Are Some Top German Abbreviations to Master!". FluentU German. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  8. ^ Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent III, Murray (30 October 2015). "Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. p. 6.
  9. ^ Lutz Röhrich: Lexikon der sprichwörtlichen Redensarten. Bd. 1, Herder, Freiburg 1999, ISBN 3-451-05400-0. In German.
  10. ^ a b c d e Harald Weinrich: Textgrammatik der deutschen Sprache, 2. Auflage, 2003, S. 929
  11. ^ a b c Duden - Die Grammatik, 8. Auflage, 2009, Abschnitt 1116
  12. ^ Helmut Glück (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache, 4. Auflage, 2010, Lemma Akronym
  13. ^ Buba: Blowing the Whistle on Big Bubba's Gold Manipulators?
  14. ^ a b c Dartmouth.
  15. ^ a b c d e FluentU.
  16. ^ Beckers, Heinz (2017). "Beckers Lexicon of Abbreviations for Medical Terms, Beckers Abkürzungslexikon medizinischer Begriffe". Beckers Abkürzungslexikon medizinischer Begriffe (in German) (8 ed.). Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  17. ^ Rosdolsy, Maria (2016). "German-English Glossary: Abbreviations and Terms in Patient Records". Caduceus (in German). Medical Division of the American Translators Association. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  18. ^ Kellen, John. "German Medical Abbreviations A to Z". Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. MedineLingua (in German). Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Retrieved 2020-12-15.