User:Timbouctou/Economy

Table

Legend

	00.0–5.0%
	05.1–10.0%
	10.1–15.0%
	15.1–20.0%
	20.1–25%
	00>25.1%

Unemployment rate in SFR Yugoslavia by republic or province 1959–1990

Year	Yugoslavia total	Developed regions					Less-developed regions
		Slovenia	Croatia	Serbia	Serbia proper	Vojvodina	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Montenegro	Macedonia	Kosovo
1959	5.8%	2.4%	5.1%	7.0%	7.3%	4.2%	5.5%	8.5%	10.5%	17.9%
1960	5.5%	2.0%	5.6%	6.1%	6.2%	4.0%	4.2%	6.1%	11.5%	15.4%
1961	6.0%	1.7%	5.8%	6.9%	6.9%	4.3%	4.5%	5.9%	15.0%	19.3%
1962	7.3%	2.0%	6.7%	8.6%	8.5%	6.1%	6.3%	6.3%	15.5%	22.7%
1963	7.2%	1.8%	6.2%	9.8%	9.4%	6.2%	5.8%	6.5%	12.0%	31.6%
1964	6.0%	1.4%	5.6%	7.8%	8.4%	5.2%	4.8%	5.8%	10.0%	14.6%
1965	6.6%	1.8%	6.1%	7.8%	8.2%	4.9%	5.2%	5.7%	15.6%	18.0%
1966	7.4%	2.4%	6.4%	8.4%	7.9%	5.4%	5.7%	6.9%	19.3%	26.6%
1967	7.8%	3.1%	6.6%	8.6%	7.9%	6.2%	6.5%	8.0%	19.9%	25.4%
1968	8.9%	3.8%	7.2%	9.8%	8.9%	7.6%	8.1%	9.2%	22.8%	26.9%
1969	9.1%	3.5%	6.2%	10.9%	10.2%	8.4%	8.5%	8.8%	22.5%	28.4%
1970	8.5%	3.1%	4.9%	10.7%	9.9%	7.6%	7.4%	8.3%	21.9%	32.3%
1971	7.4%	2.7%	4.3%	9.2%	8.7%	6.7%	6.0%	6.5%	21.2%	23.9%
1972	7.7%	2.2%	4.6%	9.6%	9.1%	7.4%	6.7%	7.2%	20.8%	22.8%
1973	9.1%	1.8%	5.2%	11.7%	11.1%	9.2%	8.5%	11.3%	23.0%	26.6%
1974	10.1%	1.5%	5.1%	13.2%	12.9%	10.0%	10.9%	15.0%	25.0%	27.0%
1975	11.6%	1.5%	6.0%	15.1%	14.6%	12.0%	12.9%	17.3%	26.8%	30.7%
1976	13.1%	1.8%	7.1%	17.3%	16.5%	14.4%	14.8%	17.8%	28.2%	34.1%
1977	13.9%	1.7%	7.1%	19.4%	19.0%	15.8%	15.2%	17.3%	26.8%	35.7%
1978	13.9%	1.5%	6.5%	19.6%	19.9%	13.9%	15.8%	19.0%	27.2%	36.8%
1979	13.9%	1.3%	5.8%	19.5%	19.5%	13.8%	16.5%	19.3%	27.5%	37.8%
1980	13.8%	1.4%	5.7%	19.4%	18.9%	14.4%	16.6%	17.5%	27.9%	39.0%
1981	13.8%	1.6%	6.1%	18.7%	17.7%	14.6%	16.7%	18.1%	29.0%	39.1%
1982	14.4%	1.7%	6.9%	19.1%	17.9%	15.1%	17.9%	19.3%	28.1%	41.0%
1983	14.9%	2.0%	7.4%	19.1%	17.3%	15.6%	20.3%	21.6%	26.4%	44.5%
1984	15.7%	1.9%	7.7%	19.5%	17.0%	15.7%	23.0%	23.5%	26.7%	49.9%
1985	16.3%	1.8%	7.9%	20.2%	17.4%	15.7%	24.4%	24.6%	27.6%	54.2%
1986	16.6%	1.7%	7.9%	20.8%	17.9%	15.6%	24.3%	24.6%	27.7%	57.1%
1987	16.1%	1.8%	7.8%	20.3%	17.8%	13.9%	23.1%	23.6%	27.3%	57.0%
1988	16.8%	2.5%	8.5%	20.8%	18.1%	14.3%	24.1%	26.3%	27.1%	57.8%
1989	14.9%	3.2%	8.0%	17.6%	15.6%	13.6%	20.3%	21.6%	21.9%	36.3%
1990*	15.9%	4.8%	8.6%	19.1%	16.4%	16.6%	20.6%	21.6%	22.9%	38.4%

Sources: For 1959–1988 Mencinger "Privredna reforma i nezaposlenost", table 1; For 1988–1990 Statistički godišnjak Jugoslavije (1990), p. 16

GDP

Source: World Bank database, GDP in current US$, based on World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files

Year	GDP (US$ bn)	Y-o-y change	Debt-to-GDP
1995	22.535	—
1996	23.847	0+5.8%
1997	23.869	0+0.1%
1998	25.563	0+7.1%
1999	23.457	0–8.2%
2000	21.634	0–7.8%
2001	23.055	0+6.6%
2002	26.814	0+16.3%
2003	34.683	0+29.3%
2004	41.587	0+19.9%
2005	45.377	0+9.1%
2006	50.423	0+11.1%
2007	60.073	—
2008	70.234	—
2009	62.600	—
2010	26.814	—
2011	59.918	—
2012	56.581	—
2013	58.194	—
2014	57.640	—
2015	49.526	—
2016	51.601	—
2017	55.482	—
2018	61.375	—
2019	60.753	—
2010	55.967	—

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1997	23,869	—
1998	25,563	+7.1%
1999	23,457	−8.2%
2000	21,634	−7.8%
2001	23,055	+6.6%
2002	26,814	+16.3%
2003	34,683	+29.3%
2004	41,587	+19.9%
2005	45,377	+9.1%
2006	50,423	+11.1%
2007		—
2008		—

Yugoslavia water polo

Olympic Games

Summer Olympic Games
Year	Pos.	W	D	L	Tournament	Head coach	Host
1900–1932	Did not participate
1936	10th	1	0	2	[[]]		Berlin, Germany
1948	9th	1	2	1	[[]]		London, United Kingdom
1952	2nd	7	3	0	[[]]		Helsinki, Finland
1956	2nd	6	1	1	[[]]		Melbourne, Australia
1960	4th	4	0	2	[[]]		Rome, Italy
1964	2nd	7	2	0	[[]]		Tokyo, Japan
1968	1st				[[]]	Aleksandar Seifert	Mexico City, Mexico
1972	5th				[[]]		Munich, West Germany
1976	5th				[[]]		Montreal, Canada
1980	2nd					Trifun Miro Ćirković	Moscow, Soviet Union
1984	1st				[[]]	Ratko Rudić	Los Angeles, United States
1988	1st				[[]]	Ratko Rudić	Seoul, South Korea

Event	Pld	W	D	L	Per.				T
Summer Olympic Games	45	29	1	15	.392	1	2	0	3
Total	73	60	60	60	.549	0	1	3	4

• 1967–1969: Aleksandar Seifert
• 1971–1976: Vlaho Orlić
• 1977–1981: Trifun-Miro Ćirković
• 1981: Milivoj Petković
• 1984–1988: Ratko Rudić
• 1988–1991: Nikola Stamenić (and continued to coach FR Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro)

Yugoslavia men's national water polo team at major tournaments
Year	Competition	Host	Pos.	Head coach
1927	European Championship	Bologna, Italy	9th
1934	European Championship	Magdeburg, Germany	5th
1936	Olympic Games	Berlin, Germany	10th
1947	European Championship	Monte Carlo, Monaco	8th
1948	Olympic Games	London, United Kingdom	9th
1950	European Championship	Vienna, Austria	3rd
1952	Olympic Games	Helsinki, Finland	2nd
1954	European Championship	Turin, Italy	2nd
1956	Olympic Games	Melbourne, Australia	2nd	File Bonačić?
1958	European Championship	Budapest, Hungary	2nd
1959	Mediterranean Games	Beirut, Lebanon	1st	Božo Grkinić
1960	Olympic Games	Rome, Italy	4th
1962	European Championship	Leipzig, East Germany	2nd
1963	Mediterranean Games	Naples, Italy	2nd
1964	Olympic Games	Tokyo, Japan	2nd
1966	European Championship	Utrecht, Netherlands	3rd	Aleksandar Seifert
1967	Mediterranean Games	Tunis, Tunisia	1st	Aleksandar Seifert
1968	Olympic Games	Mexico City, Mexico	1st	Aleksandar Seifert
1970	European Championship	Barcelona, Spain	3rd	?
1971	Mediterranean Games	İzmir, Turkey	1st	Aleksandar Seifert (Orlić?)
1972	Olympic Games	Munich, West Germany	5th	Vlaho Orlić
1973	FINA World Championships	Belgrade, Yugoslavia	3rd	Vlaho Orlić
1974	European Championship	Vienna, Austria	3rd	Vlaho Orlić
1975	FINA World Championships	Cali, Colombia	13th
	Mediterranean Games	Algiers, Algeria	2nd	Vlaho Orlić
1976	Olympic Games	Montreal, Canada	5th
1977	European Championship	Jönköping, Sweden	2nd	Trifun Miro Ćirković
1978	FINA World Championships	Berlin, West Germany	3rd
1979	Water Polo World Cup	Belgrade / Rijeka, Yugoslavia	3rd
	Mediterranean Games	Split, Yugoslavia	1st
1980	Olympic Games	Moscow, Soviet Union	2nd
1981	Water Polo World Cup	Long Beach, United States	2nd
	European Championship	Split, Yugoslavia	4th	Milivoj Petković
1982	FINA World Championships	Guayaquil, Ecuador	7th
1983	European Championship	Rome, Italy	4th
	Mediterranean Games	Casablanca, Morocco	1st
1984	Olympic Games	Los Angeles, United States	1st	Ratko Rudić
1985	Water Polo World Cup	Duisburg, West Germany	4th
	European Championship	Sofia, Bulgaria	2nd
1986	FINA World Championships	Madrid, Spain	1st
1987	Water Polo World Cup	Thessaloniki, Greece	1st
	European Championship	Strasbourg, France	2nd
1988	Olympic Games	Seoul, South Korea	1st
1989	Water Polo World Cup	Berlin, West Germany	1st	Nikola Stamenić
	European Championship	Bonn, West Germany	2nd
1991	FINA World Championships	Perth, Australia	1st
	Water Polo World Cup	Barcelona, Spain	2nd
	Mediterranean Games	Athens, Greece	2nd
	European Championship	Athens, Greece	1st

Event	Pld	W	D	L	Per.				T
Summer Olympic Games	45	29	1	15	.392	1	2	0	3
Total	73	60	60	60	.549	0	1	3	4

Medal summary

Men's events

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Lightweight 63 kg	Giuseppe Vismara  Italy	Stanko Topolčnik  Yugoslavia	Ali Demir  Turkey
			Rafael Ortega Fernández  Spain
Half middleweight 70 kg	Alfredo Vismara  Italy	Süheyl Yeşilnur  Turkey	Fernando Murillo Perez  Spain
			Abdou Mohamed Elsayed  Egypt
Middleweight 80 kg	Slobodan Kraljević  Yugoslavia	Andrés Coruña Melián  Spain	Namik Ekin  Turkey
			Libero Galimberti  Italy
Half-heavyweight 93 kg	Goran Žuvela  Yugoslavia	Kamil Korucu  Turkey	Ali Soumer  Tunisia
			Miguel Ángel Tejera  Spain
Heavyweight +100 kg	Santiago Ojeda  Spain	Pavle Bajetić  Yugoslavia	M. Ali Berber  Turkey
			Tijini Benkassou  Morocco

MG judo medal tables

1971

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Yugoslavia (YUG)	2	2	0	4
2	Italy (ITA)	2	0	1	3
3	Spain (ESP)	1	1	3	5
4	Turkey (TUR)	0	2	3	5
5	Egypt (EGY)	0	0	1	1
	Morocco (MAR)	0	0	1	1
	Tunisia (TUN)	0	0	1	1
Totals (7 entries)		5	5	10	20

1975

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	France (FRA)	2	2	1	5
2	Yugoslavia (YUG)	2	0	3	5
3	Italy (ITA)	1	2	1	4
4	Spain (ESP)	1	1	1	3
5	Turkey (TUR)	0	1	2	3
6	Egypt (EGY)	0	0	2	2
7	Algeria (ALG)	0	0	1	1
	Morocco (MAR)	0	0	1	1
Totals (8 entries)		6	6	12	24

1979

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	France (FRA)	4	1	2	7
2	Yugoslavia (YUG)	3	2	2	7
3	Italy (ITA)	1	3	2	6
4	Spain (ESP)	0	1	1	2
5	Morocco (MAR)	0	1	0	1
6	Tunisia (TUN)	0	0	3	3
	Turkey (TUR)	0	0	3	3
8	Egypt (EGY)	0	0	2	2
9	Algeria (ALG)	0	0	1	1
Totals (9 entries)		8	8	16	32

1983

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	France (FRA)	5	2	1	8
2	Italy (ITA)	3	2	1	6
3	Yugoslavia (YUG)	0	1	5	6
4	Spain (ESP)	0	1	2	3
5	Morocco (MAR)	0	1	1	2
6	Tunisia (TUN)	0	1	0	1
7	Egypt (EGY)	0	0	3	3
8	Algeria (ALG)	0	0	1	1
	Greece (GRE)	0	0	1	1
	Turkey (TUR)	0	0	1	1
Totals (10 entries)		8	8	16	32

1987

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	France (FRA)	4	3	1	8
2	Egypt (EGY)	2	0	0	2
3	Italy (ITA)	1	1	5	7
4	Algeria (ALG)	1	0	1	2
5	Yugoslavia (YUG)	0	1	3	4
6	Spain (ESP)	0	1	2	3
7	Turkey (TUR)	0	1	1	2
8	Syria (SYR)	0	1	0	1
9	Tunisia (TUN)	0	0	2	2
10	Morocco (MAR)	0	0	1	1
Totals (10 entries)		8	8	16	32

1991

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	France (FRA)	3	3	0	6
2	Italy (ITA)	2	2	3	7
3	Egypt (EGY)	1	1	0	2
4	Algeria (ALG)	1	0	2	3
5	Yugoslavia (YUG)	0	1	1	2
6	Greece (GRE)	0	0	3	3
	Turkey (TUR)	0	0	3	3
8	Spain (ESP)	0	0	1	1
	Tunisia (TUN)	0	0	1	1
Totals (9 entries)		7	7	14	28

Slovenia ForMin

No.	Foreign Minister	Birth–Death	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Cabinet
1	Dimitrij Rupel	born 1946	16 May 1990	25 January 1993	2 years, 254 days	SDZ	Peterle
2	Lojze Peterle	born 1948	25 January 1993	31 October 1994	1 year, 279 days	SKD
3	Zoran Thaler	born 1962	26 January 1995	16 May 1996		LDS
4	Davorin Kračun	born 1950	19 July 1996	27 February 1997
—	Zoran Thaler (2nd term)	born 1962	27 February 1997	25 September 1997		LDS
5	Boris Frlec	born 1936	25 September 1997	2 February 2000
—	Dimitrij Rupel (2nd term)	born 1946	2 February 2000	7 June 2000
—	Lojze Peterle (2nd term)	born 1948	7 June 2000	30 November 2000
—	Dimitrij Rupel (3rd term)	born 1946	30 November 2000	6 July 2004
6	Ivo Vajgl	born 1943	6 July 2004	3 December 2004
—	Dimitrij Rupel (4th term)	born 1946	3 December 2004	7 November 2008
7	Samuel Žbogar	b. 1962	21 November 2008	20 September 2011
8	Karl Erjavec	b. 1960	10 February 2012	13 September 2018
9	Miro Cerar	born 1963	13 September 2018	13 March 2020
10	Anže Logar	b. 1976	13 March 2020	1 June 2022
11	Tanja Fajon	b. 1971	1 June 2022

Jadrolinija

Ship	Type	Launched	Acquired	Gross tonnage (GT)	Shipyard	Ref
MF Dubrovnik	Ro-Ro / Passenger	1978	1996	9,795	Cork, Verholme Dockyard
MF Zadar	Ro-Ro / Passenger	1993	2004	9,487	Vigo, Barreras Shipyard
MF Marko Polo	Ro-Ro / Passenger	1973	1988		Le Havre, ACH
MF Lastovo		1970	1978	1,114	Imabari, Kurushima Dock
MF Bartol Kašić		1989	1989	2,296	Kraljevica, Titovo Brodogradilište

Pertsch

Matteo Pertsch nacque nel 1769 (1770 o 1774, secondo altre fonti) a Buchhorn sul Lago di Costanza da una famiglia di origine tedesca e lasciò la sua patria nel 1790 per frequentare l'Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera a Milano. Nello stesso periodo era attivo nel capoluogo lombardo il maggior maestro del Neoclassicismo italiano, Giuseppe Piermarini (professore a Brera tra il 1774 e il 1799 e architetto del Teatro alla Scala di Milano) e la sua lezione lasciò sicuramente un'impronta profonda sul giovane Pertsch. Nel 1794 Matteo vinse il Primo Premio d'Architettura nel concorso dell'Accademia Ducale di Belle Arti di Parma con un progetto per una Zecca Reale. Le speranze d'essere assunto all'Accademia milanese svanirono con l'occupazione francese di Milano e Pertsch fu costretto a riparare a Bergamo.

Arrivò a Trieste chiamato «per erigere la grandiosa sua fabbrica sul Canal Grande» dal greco Demetrio Carciotti, commerciante stabilitosi a Trieste nel 1775. La fiorente attività triestina di Pertsch cominciò, quindi, nel 1798 come Privat-Architekt con un lavoro decisamente importante: nello stesso anno l'architetto presentò i disegni per quella che sarà considerata da Giuseppe Righetti «l'opera più bella di Pertsch, più maestosa, più grande […] la grande casa, o vogliamo dire palazzo di Demetrio Carciotti, ricco e generoso negoziante greco.[…] il suo prospetto verso il mare, rimane tuttora [1865 N.d.A.] l'unica opera architettonica d'un privato, rimarchevole per sontuosità, per bellezza, per ricchezza e pel movimento ed effetto prospettivo che trovasi in Trieste, la quale facciata giustamente fece dare al tutto il pomposo nome di palazzo».

Il sovrintendente alle costruzioni fu Giovanni Righetti e l'autore delle sculture fu Antonio Bosa, allievo di Antonio Canova. I lavori terminarono solo nel 1806 (nonostante in facciata compaia la data 1800); si sa per certo che Pertsch adottò in questo suo progetto le misure antincendio promulgate nel 1801.

Nel 1799, Pertsch partecipò al concorso indetto dal ceto mercantile per «erigere un edificio ad uno di Borsa, meritevole di testimoniare ai tardi nipoti la prosperità ed il trionfo delle conservate franchigie e la dichiarazione di porto franco colla trinità commerciale»[2], ma l'Accademia di Parma preferì i disegni di Antonio Mollari. Secondo la testimonianza di Giovanni Righetti, però, nel progetto definitivo furono accettati alcuni suggerimenti del Pertsch.

Nello stesso anno iniziò i lavori al Teatro Nuovo di Trieste, progettato dal famoso architetto veneziano Giannantonio Selva (autore del Teatro La Fenice a Venezia): Pertsch, impegnato ancora nei lavori di Palazzo Carciotti, fu incaricato di realizzare un'imponente facciata in adattamento del nuovo piano imposto dal Governo di Vienna. Con questa opera architettonica Matteo Pertsch dimostrò la sua indipendenza artistica e la sua capacità di adattamento alle condizioni edilizie precostituite, nonostante il suo lavoro denoti sensibili somiglianze con il Teatro alla Scala del Piermarini e con altri esempi lombardi.

Una tra le opere più interessanti e originali del Pertsch è la Rotonda Pancera, edificio a facciata semicircolare. I lavori di costruzioni furono affidati al ticinese Giovanni Righetti. La costruzione della Rotonda è da datarsi, tra l'altro, attorno al 1805: questo spiegherebbe l'affinità stilistica col Palazzo Carciotti, terminato lo stesso anno.

Nel 1807 Pertsch abbandonò Trieste in seguito all'occupazione francese per trasferirsi a Graz, guadagnando una certa fama anche in Stiria e in Carniola con opere sia pubbliche che private. Ritornò a Trieste nel 1817 per non allontanarsene più, continuando la fiorente attività che aveva lasciato dieci anni prima. Una spiegazione per il gran numero di incarichi affidati al Pertsch all'inizio del XIX secolo ci viene ancora dal Righetti: «Aveva quell'artista una profonda pratica nelle costruzioni che dava ai suoi lavori quella conveniente solidità, senza eccedere ad inutili e grandi spese, sapeva altresì ovviare ai difetti nei quali incorrono più volte i tecnici. A quanto ci consta egli fu uno dei primi che introducesse i più notevoli miglioramenti nelle costruzioni muratorie, e nei sistemi e forme dei ferramenti delle porte e finestre, come sarebbero le spagnolette, le bandelle e le toppe incassate nella grossezza del legno, ed altre. Per le quali cose egli salì in tanta reputazione, che ne era soverchiato di commissione tecniche-artistiche, e gli artieri tutti avevano in lui cotanta fiducia, che quasi ne era divenuto il comun padre o protagonista; e diversi furono i capi-maestri che da lui si formarono»[1]. Tra questi edifici possiamo ricordare la Casa Covacevich (già Mauroner - 1821), la Casa Steiner in Corso Italia (1824) e la cosiddetta Casa Recher (1833), demolita nel 1911.

Matteo Pertsch intervenne con progetti e proposte nella costruzione del cimitero cattolico di Sant'Anna attorno al 1822 e già prima aveva eseguito lavori di geometra nella parte nord-occidentale dello stesso, atti alla costruzione del cimitero della comunità greco-orientale, per la quale progettò e costruì anche la facciata e due campanili della chiesa di San Nicolò (1819). Dal 1820 la Deputazione di Borsa si rivolse a lui quale consigliere, perito o imprenditore per vari incarichi, affidandogli anche diversi progetti poi non realizzati per i più svariati motivi. Contrariamente a quanto detto da molti, il faro della Vecchia Lanterna non fu opera di Pietro Nobile ma del Pertsch, che presentò tra il 1824 e il 1831 almeno sei progetti per la realizzazione. Proprio nel 1831 Pietro Nobile, della Direzione Aulica delle Fabbriche di Vienna, avallò l'inizio dei lavori.

L'attività del Pertsch si orientò anche in altre direzioni: fu "stimatore di stabili e pubblico perito delle costruzioni" e intervenne nel pubblico interesse su diversi problemi e proposte per la costruzione delle carceri e per l'approvvigionamento dell'acqua potabile. Prestò la sua opera al Governo e al Magistrato e venne chiamato a far parte di varie commissioni comunali. Per due anni tenne la cattedra di Architettura Civile alla Scuola reale e di nautica (inaugurata nel 1818). Fu inoltre accolto in molte Accademie in qualità di Membro d'Onore, come quella di San Luca in Roma (1825) e poi alle Belle Arti di Firenze (1825), Venezia (1826), Parma, Bologna e Napoli (1827).

La vasta esperienza in campo architettonico gli diede l'occasione di escogitare vere e proprie invenzioni, come ad esempio le canne fumarie di pietra forata al posto dei consueti camini in muratura, l'adozione di focolai economici e graticole di selezione delle spazzature. Tradusse dal tedesco il Saggio sulle proprietà e sugli effetti delle volte dell'architetto Karl Friedrich Meerwein, con una dedica al Conte Gabriele di Porcia e una prefazione.

Giuseppe Righetti disse di Pertsch: «Fu uomo ben versato nella storia delle arti, nella geometria, nella meccanica, ed anche nelle belle lettere. I suoi concetti architettonici sono graziosi, armonici, svariati e caratteristici al soggetto. Amava l'applicazione degli ordini nei scomparti nelle facciate con archi e finestre arcuate con bassorilievi, imposte e conciamenti di buone profilazioni e risentite.»[1]

Nel 1802 Pertsch sposò Maddalena Vogel che gli diede quattro figli e tre figlie. Tre dei maschi seguirono le orme del padre sulla strada dell'arte, tra loro Nicolò continuò l'attività architettonica specialmente a Trieste, avendo ottenuto l'autorizzazione prescritta nel 1835.

L'allievo più importante di Matteo Pertsch fu Antonio Buttazzoni (1800-1848) che iniziò la carriera nel suo studio e frequentò per più di due anni l'Accademia di Brera. L'influenza del maestro non fu mai nascosta da Buttazzoni, che dal 1824 lavorò molto, soprattutto a Lubiana.

Nonostante gli atteggiamenti spesso non accomodanti verso le autorità e gli screzi accidentali con i propri colleghi (tra cui Pietro Nobile e Giuseppe Sforzi), Matteo Pertsch godeva a Trieste della massima considerazione sia nel settore pubblico che in quello privato. Giuseppe Righetti fornì, a tal proposito, alcune interessanti informazioni sulla persona del Pertsch: «Il carattere di M. Pertsch era quale lo preconizza Vitruvio agli architetti; cioè onesto, leale, prudente, benefico, affabile e manieroso con tutti senza ostentazione: ascoltava e ne faceva profitto delle altrui opinioni e consigli; sapeva distinguere le capacità e proteggerle, trovare i virtuosi e divenirne amico. Tanto era addottrinato nell'arte, che diede alla luce un'interessante operetta intorno alla costruzione delle volte, se ben la memoria non c'inganna. Siccome poi in età provetta era sofferente in salute, eccedeva bensì talora in causticità ed irritazione, ma tosto se ne ricomponeva.»

Matteo Pertsch morì in seguito ad una lunga malattia all'età di circa 60 anni l'11 aprile 1834.

Eng

Pertsch was born in 1769 (or 1770 or 1774, according to various sources) in the Free Imperial City of Buchhorn on Lake Constance (present-day Friedrichshafen in southern Germany, close to the borders with Switzerland and Austria) to a family of German origin. He left his homeland in 1790 to attend the Brera Academy of Fine Arts in Milan, then the capital of Lombardy ruled by Austrian Habsburgs.

During his time at Brera, he was influenced by Giuseppe Piermarini, considered one of the great masters of Italian Neoclassicism (Piermarini taught at Brera between 1774 and 1799, and during this period designed the famous La Scala theatre, built in 1778). In 1794 Pertsch won First Prize in a competition organized by the Ducal Academy of Fine Arts of Parma with his project for the Royal Mint. However, his hopes that he would get employment at Brera after graduation vanished following the French occupation of Milan in 1796, which led Pertsch to move Bergamo.

He arrived in Trieste in 1798, upon invitation by Demetrio Carciotti, a wealthy Greek merchant. Carciotti had settled in Trieste in 1775 and wanted Pertsch to design a grandiose residence for him on the mouth of the Canal Grande, a prime location facing the city's waterfront.

called "to erect his grandiose factory on the Grand Canal" by the Greek Demetrio Carciotti, a merchant who settled in Trieste in 1775. Pertsch's flourishing Trieste business began, therefore, in 1798 as Privat-Architekt with a decidedly important job: in the same year the architect presented the drawings for what will be considered by Giuseppe Righetti "the most beautiful work of Pertsch, the most majestic, the largest [...] the great house, or we mean the palace of Demetrio Carciotti, rich and generous Greek shopkeeper . [...] its façade towards the sea still remains [1865 NdA] the only architectural work of a private individual, remarkable for its sumptuousness, beauty, richness and movement and perspective effect found in Trieste, which facade rightly he had everything given the pompous name of palace ».

The superintendent of the buildings was Giovanni Righetti and the author of the sculptures was Antonio Bosa, a pupil of Antonio Canova. The works ended only in 1806 (although the date 1800 appears on the facade); it is known for certain that Pertsch adopted the fire prevention measures promulgated in 1801 in this project.

In 1799, Pertsch participated in the competition held by the merchant class to "erect a building for a stock exchange, worthy of witnessing to the late grandchildren the prosperity and triumph of the preserved franchises and the declaration of free port with the commercial trinity", but the Academy of Parma preferred the designs of Antonio Mollari. According to the testimony of Giovanni Righetti, however, some suggestions of Pertsch were accepted in the final project.

In the same year, work began on the Teatro Nuovo in Trieste, designed by the famous Venetian architect Giannantonio Selva (author of the Teatro La Fenice in Venice): Pertsch, still working on the Palazzo Carciotti, was commissioned to create an imposing facade in adaptation of the new plan imposed by the Government of Vienna. With this architectural work Matteo Pertsch demonstrated his artistic independence and his ability to adapt to pre-established building conditions, despite his work denoting significant similarities with Piermarini's Teatro alla Scala and other Lombard examples.

One of Pertsch's most interesting and original works is the Rotonda Pancera, a building with a semicircular facade. The construction works were entrusted to Giovanni Righetti from Ticino. The construction of the Rotonda is to be dated, among other things, around 1805: this would explain the stylistic affinity with Palazzo Carciotti, completed the same year.

In 1807 Pertsch left Trieste following the French occupation to move to Graz, gaining a certain fame also in Styria and in Carniola with both public and private works. He returned to Trieste in 1817 to never leave it, continuing the flourishing business he had left ten years earlier. An explanation for the large number of assignments entrusted to Pertsch at the beginning of the nineteenth century still comes to us from Righetti: "That artist had a profound practice in construction that gave his works that convenient solidity, without exceeding unnecessary and large expenses, he also knew how to remedy the defects that technicians run into several times. As far as we know he was one of the first who introduced the most notable improvements in masonry constructions, and in the systems and forms of the fittings of doors and windows, such as the espagnolette, the hinges and the patches embedded in the thickness of the wood, and others. For which he gained such a reputation, that he was overwhelmed by technical-artistic commissions, and the artists all had such great confidence in him, that he had almost become his common father or protagonist; and various were the chief teachers who were formed by him "[1]. Among these buildings we can remember the Casa Covacevich (formerly Mauroner - 1821), the Casa Steiner in Corso Italia (1824) and the so-called Casa Recher (1833), demolished in 1911.

Matteo Pertsch intervened with projects and proposals in the construction of the Catholic cemetery of Sant'Anna around 1822 and already before he had carried out works as a surveyor in the north-western part of the same, suitable for the construction of the cemetery of the Greek-Eastern community, for which he designed and he also built the facade and two bell towers of the church of San Nicolò (1819). From 1820 the Stock Exchange Deputation turned to him as adviser, expert or entrepreneur for various assignments, also entrusting him with various projects which were not realized for various reasons. Contrary to what many have said, the Old Lantern lighthouse was not the work of Pietro Nobile but of Pertsch, who presented at least six projects for its construction between 1824 and 1831. Precisely in 1831 Pietro Nobile, of the Aulic Direction of the Vienna Factories, endorsed the start of the works.

Pertsch's activity was also oriented in other directions: he was an "appraiser of buildings and a public construction expert" and intervened in the public interest on various problems and proposals for the construction of prisons and for the supply of drinking water. He lent his work to the Government and the Magistrate and was called to be part of various municipal commissions. For two years he held the chair of Civil Architecture at the Royal and Nautical School (inaugurated in 1818). He was also accepted in many Academies as an Honorary Member, such as that of San Luca in Rome (1825) and then at the Fine Arts of Florence (1825), Venice (1826), Parma, Bologna and Naples (1827).

The vast experience in the architectural field gave him the opportunity to devise real inventions, such as the perforated stone flues instead of the usual masonry fireplaces, the adoption of economic fireplaces and rubbish sorting grates. He translated from German the Essay on the properties and effects of the vaults by the architect Karl Friedrich Meerwein, with a dedication to Count Gabriele di Porcia and a preface.

Giuseppe Righetti said of Pertsch: «He was a man well versed in the history of the arts, in geometry, in mechanics, and also in fine literature. His architectural concepts are graceful, harmonious, varied and characteristic of the subject. He loved the application of the orders in the compartments in the facades with arches and arched windows with bas-reliefs, shutters and tannings of good profiling and resentful.

In 1802 Pertsch married Maddalena Vogel who bore him four sons and three daughters. Three of the males followed in their father's footsteps on the road to art, among them Nicolò continued his architectural activity especially in Trieste, having obtained the prescribed authorization in 1835.

Matteo Pertsch's most important pupil was Antonio Buttazzoni (1800-1848) who began his career in his studio and attended the Brera Academy for more than two years. The master's influence was never hidden by Buttazzoni, who worked a lot from 1824, especially in Ljubljana.

Despite the often non-accommodating attitudes towards the authorities and the accidental disagreements with his colleagues (including Pietro Nobile and Giuseppe Sforzi), Matteo Pertsch enjoyed the highest consideration in Trieste both in the public and in the private sector. Giuseppe Righetti provided, in this regard, some interesting information on the person of Pertsch: «The character of M. Pertsch was as Vitruvius predicts it to architects; that is, honest, loyal, prudent, beneficial, affable and mannered with everyone without ostentation: he listened and took advantage of the opinions and advice of others; he knew how to distinguish abilities and protect them, find the virtuous and befriend them. He was so indoctrinated in art that he gave birth to an interesting work about the construction of the vaults, if his memory does not deceive us. Since he was suffering in health at a test age, he went too far but sometimes in causticity and irritation, but he soon recovered. "

Matteo Pertsch died following a long illness at the age of about 60 on 11 April 1834.

Airports

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SJJ

LJU

TGD

SKP

PRN

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Locations of top 10 airports by passenger traffic in 2019

#	Country	Airport	City / town	IATA	ICAO	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2020–21 change
1	SRB	Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport	Belgrade ‡	BEG	LYBE	4,776,110	4,924,992	5,343,420	5,641,105	6,159,000	1,904,025	3,286,000	72.6%
2	KOS	Pristina International Airport	Pristina ‡	PRN	BKPR	1,549,198	1,744,202	1,885,136	2,165,749	2,373,698	1,102,091	53.4%
3	CRO	Zagreb Airport	Zagreb ‡	ZAG	LDZA	2,587,798	2,776,087	3,092,047	3,366,310	3,435,531	913,703	1,404,478	53.7%
4	MKD	Skopje International Airport	Skopje ‡	SKP	LWSK	1,452,465	1,649,374	1,868,272	2,158,258	2,358,548	710,711	70.0%
5	CRO	Split Airport	Split	SPU	LDSP	1,955,400	2,289,987	2,818,176	3,124,067	3,301,930	659,350	79.8%
6	MNE	Podgorica Airport	Podgorica ‡	TGD	LYPG	748,899	873,278	1,055,142	1,208,525	1,297,365	343,187	73.5%
7	CRO	Dubrovnik Airport	Dubrovnik	DBV	LDDU	1,693,934	1,993,243	2,323,065	2,539,412	2,896,277	322,601	88.8%
8	SLO	Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport	Ljubljana ‡	LJU	LJLJ	1,464,579	1,411,476	1,688,558	1,818,229	1,721,355	288,235	83.3%
9	BIH	Sarajevo International Airport	Sarajevo ‡	SJJ	LQSA	772,904	838,968	957,971	1,046,635	1,143,680	249,642	767,133	307.3%
10	BIH	Tuzla International Airport	Tuzla	TZL	LQTZ	259,074	311,398	535,834	584,589	593,083	228,425	61.5%
11	MNE	Tivat Airport	Tivat	TIV	LYTV	895,050	979,432	1,129,720	1,245,999	1,367,282	189,815	86.1%
12	SRB	Niš Constantine the Great Airport	Niš	INI	LYNI	36,200	124,917	331,582	351,582	422,255	154,233	146,296	5.1%
13	CRO	Zadar Airport	Zadar	ZAD	LDZD	487,652	520,924	589,841	603,819	801,347	111,179	85.8%
14	CRO	Pula Airport	Pula	PUY	LDPL	359,426	436,121	595,812	717,187	777,568	78,832	89.7%
15	MKD	Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport	Ohrid	OHD	LWOH	107,916	145,002	159,072	184,283	317,397	72,125	77.3%
16	BIH	Banja Luka International Airport	Banja Luka	BNX	LQBK	22,800	21,694	20,867	36,180	149,693	43,775	139,886	319.5%
17	CRO	Rijeka Airport	Rijeka	RJK	LDRI	139,718	145,297	142,111	183,606	200,841	25,460	87.1%
18	CRO	Osijek Airport	Osijek	OSI	LDOS	28,651	30,605	43,373	67,235	46,361	6,382	86.0%
19	CRO	Brač Airport	Brač	BWK	LDSB	8,809	12,354	21,596	30,170	25,339	3,369	85.8%
20	BIH	Mostar International Airport	Mostar	OMO	LQMO	75,024	53,618	43,118	28,463	32,866	1,374	95.8%
21	CRO	Lošinj Airport	Mali Lošinj	LSZ	LDLO	12,287	6,402	6,042	6,939	6,495	1,156	65.8%
TOTAL						19,433,894	20,503,471	24,650,755	27,108,342	29,427,911	7,409,670	74.8%

Quality of Life

• [1]
• [2]
• Corriere della Sera

• Nine factors were analyzed: business and work, environment, social and personal hardship, education, training, human capital, population, income and wealth, security, health and leisure. At the top of the ranking of quality of life is Parma, but in general the first places are dominated by the provinces of the North, while Crotone is at the bottom.

• 2021 ranking (followed by 2020 rank)

• 1 - Parma (39)
• 2- Trento
• 3- Bolzano
• 4 - Bologna
• 5 - Milano (45)
• 6 - Firenze (31)
• 7 - Trieste (47)
• 8 - Verona
• 9 - Pordenone
• 10 - Monza (15)
• 18 - Bergamo
• 21 - Brescia
• 25 - Pisa (36)
• 26 - Cremona
• 30 - Mantua
• 32 - Lecco
• 35 - Sondrio
• 42 - Gorizia (44)
• 46 - Udine
• 49 - Pavia (53)
• 50 - Lodi
• 53 - Varese
• 54 - Roma (50)
• 62 - Como
• 71 - Pistoia (61)
• 102 - Vibo Valentia (101)
• 103 - Foggia (107)
• 106 - Napoli
• 107 - Crotone (106)

Rank (2021)	Province	Code	Region	Population (2021)	2020–21 change
1	Parma	PR	Emilia-Romagna		+38
2	Trento	TN	Trentino-South Tyrol		—
3	Bolzano	BZ			+5
4	Bologna	BO	Emilia-Romagna		+23
5	Milan	MI	Lombardy		+40
6	Florence	FI	Tuscany		+25
7	Trieste	TS	Friuli-Venezia Giulia		+40
8	Verona	VR	Veneto		–2
9	Pordenone	PN	Friuli-Venezia Giulia		–8
10	Monza and Brianza	MB	Lombardy		+5
11	Padua	PD	Veneto		–7
12	Siena	SI	Tuscany		–2
13	Aosta	AO	Aosta Valley		—
14	Treviso	TV	Veneto		–7
15	Modena	MO	Emilia-Romagna		+19
16	Reggio Emilia	RE	Emilia-Romagna		+22
17	Vicenza	VI	Veneto		–14
18	Bergamo	BG	Lombardy		+22
19	Turin	TO	Piedmont		+45
20	Verbano-Cusio-Ossola	VB	Piedmont		–8
21	Brescia	BS	Lombardy		—
22	Macerata	MC	Marche		–11
23	Cuneo	CN	Piedmont		–9
24	Ferrara	FE	Emilia-Romagna		+22
25	Pisa	PI	Tuscany		+11
26	Cremona	CR	Lombardy		+48
27	Ascoli Piceno	AP	Marche		–22
28	Venice	VE	Veneto		+2
29	Ravenna	RA	Emilia-Romagna		+22
30	Mantua	MN	Lombardy		–7
31	Grosseto	GR	Tuscany		+27
32	Lecco	LC	Lombardy		–6
33	Arezzo	AR	Tuscany		+15
34	Terni	TR	Umbria		+1
35	Sondrio	SO	Lombardy		–7
36	Novara	NO	Piedmont		+6
37	Forlì-Cesena	FC	Emilia-Romagna		–8
38	Biella	BI	Piedmont		–14
39	Ancona	AN	Marche		–7
40	Genoa	GE	Liguria		+12
41	Belluno	BL	Veneto		–22
42	Gorizia	GO	Friuli-Venezia Giulia		+2
43	Piacenza	PC	Emilia-Romagna		+30
44	Fermo	FM	Marche		–26
45	Lucca	LU	Tuscany		+22
46	Udine	UD	Friuli-Venezia Giulia		–37
47	Livorno	LI	Tuscany		+22
48	Savona	SV	Liguria		+7
49	Pavia	PV	Lombardy		+4
50	Lodi	LO	Lombardy		+30
51	Massa and Carrara	MS	Tuscany		+11
52	Perugia	PG	Umbria		–9
53	Varese	VA	Lombardy		–37
54	Rome	RM	Lazio		–4
55	Matera	MT	Basilicata		–1
56	Pesaro and Urbino	PU	Marche		–7
57	Vercelli	VC	Piedmont		+2
58	Rovigo	RO	Veneto		–38
59	Prato	PO	Tuscany		–34
60	Teramo	TE	Abruzzo		–3
61	Rimini	RN	Emilia-Romagna		+7
62	Como	CO	Lombardy		–45
63	Asti	AT	Piedmont		—
64	Rieti	RI	Lazio		–27
65	La Spezia	SP	Liguria		+1
66	Imperia	IM	Liguria		+11
67	Chieti	CH	Abruzzo		–11
68	L'Aquila	AQ	Abruzzo		–46
69	Potenza	PZ	Basilicata		–28
70	Viterbo	VT	Lazio		+14
71	Pistoia	PT	Tuscany		–10
72	Alessandria	AL	Piedmont		+4
73	Pescara	PE	Abruzzo		+8
74	Cagliari	CA	Sardinia		–3
75	Isernia	IS	Molise		+4
76	Avellino	AV	Campania		–6
77	Salerno	SA	Campania		+6
78	Campobasso	CB	Molise		–13
79	Benevento	BN	Campania		–46
80	Frosinone	FR	Lazio		+7
81	Sassari	SS	Sardinia		–9
82	Latina	LT	Lazio		+3
83	Catanzaro	CZ	Calabria		–1
84	Ragusa	RG	Sicily		+16
85	Nuoro	NU	Sardinia		–25
86	Bari	BA	Apulia		+2
87	Lecce	LE	Apulia		–1
88	Oristano	OR	Sardinia		–13
89	Reggio Calabria	RC	Calabria		–11
90	Brindisi	BR	Apulia		–1
91	South Sardinia	SU	Sardinia		+5
92	Trapani	TP	Sicily		+3
93	Cosenza	CS	Calabria		–2
94	Caserta	CE	Campania		–1
95	Agrigento	AG	Sicily		+10
96	Enna	EN	Sicily		+6
97	Barletta-Andria-Trani	BT	Apulia		+1
98	Messina	ME	Sicily		–8
99	Palermo	PA	Sicily		—
100	Catania	CT	Sicily		–8
101	Caltanissetta	CL	Sicily		–4
102	Vibo Valentia	VV	Calabria		–1
103	Taranto	TA	Apulia		–9
104	Syracuse	SR	Sicily		—
105	Foggia	FG	Apulia		+2
106	Naples	NA	Campania		–3
107	Crotone	KR	Calabria		–1

WCOL 2021

Rank (2021)	City	Country	Rank (2020)	Rank (2019)	Rank (2018)
1	Tel Aviv	Israel	5=	10=	9
2	Paris	France	1=	1=	2=
3	Singapore	Singapore	4	1=	1
4	Zurich	Switzerland	1=	4	2=
5	Hong Kong	China (SAR)	1=	1=	4
6	New York	United States	7=	7=
7	Geneva	Switzerland	7=	5=	6=
8	Copenhagen	Denmark	9=	7=	8
9	Los Angeles	United States	9=	10=
10	Osaka	Japan	5=	5=
	Seoul	South Korea		7=	6=
	Oslo	Norway			5
	Sydney	Australia			10

9th Summit

Participants

• Chadli Bendjedid, as President of Algeria
• Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain
• Hussain Muhammad Ershad, as President of Bangladesh
• Raúl Castro, First Vice President of Cuba
• George Vassiliou, President of Cyprus
• Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador
• Hosni Mubarak as President of Egypt
• Omar Bongo, President of Gabon
• Lansana Conté, President of Guinea
• Rajiv Gandhi as Prime Minister of India
• Suharto, President of Indonesia
• Hussein, King of Jordan
• Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait
• Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya
• Birendra, King of Nepal
• Ibrahim Babangida as President of Nigeria
• Alan García as President of Peru
• Saud bin Faisal Al Saud, Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia
• Abdul Halim Khaddam, Vice President of Syria
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali as President of Tunisia
• Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela
• Võ Chí Công, as Chairman of the Council of State of Vietnam
• Léon Kengo wa Dondo as Prime Minister of Zaire
• Kenneth Kaunda as President of Zambia
• Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe

• Janez Drnovšek, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia
• Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Secretary-General of the United Nations
• Edouard Saouma, Director-General of FAO
• Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
• Sam Nujoma, Leader of SWAPO
• Julius Nyerere as President of NAM's Commission for the Global South
• Joe Clark, Foreign Minister of Canada